Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
3,283
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
3,283 results for “males and females”
Figures 1-6 in Description of the female of Poeciloxestia plagiata (Waterhouse, 1880), and of the male of Iuati spinithorax Martins & Galileo, 2010 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Figures 1-6. Poeciloxestiaplagiata: (1) Dorsal habitus, female; (2) Ventral habitus, female; (3) Lateral habitus, female; (4) Head, frontal view, female; (5) Holotype male, dorsal habitus, photo by Jesus Santiago Moure; (6) Holotype male, from Larry Bezark photograph collection.
FIGURE 4 in Like A Glove: Do The Dimensions Of Male Adanal Suckers And Tritonymphal Female Docking Papillae Correlate In The Proctophyllodidae (Astigmata: Analgoidea)?
FIGURE 4: Size distributions of Proctophyllodes troncatus adult females, adult males and nymphs with and without docking papillae. Body size was measured as the length of the idiosoma (µm) from the anterior margin of the prodorsum to the posterior region of the body excluding the terminal hyaline appendages in adult females and the opisthosomal lamellae in males. Nymphs were catego- rized as having docking papillae or lacking docking papillae. Adult females were significantly larger than adult males as indicated by an unpaired t-test (t38 = 22.6, P <0.001). Similarly, nymphs with docking papillae were larger on average than were those without docking papillae (t194 = 20.6, P <0.001).
FIGURE 3 in Like A Glove: Do The Dimensions Of Male Adanal Suckers And Tritonymphal Female Docking Papillae Correlate In The Proctophyllodidae (Astigmata: Analgoidea)?
FIGURE 3: Correlations in morphology between adult male and tritonymphal female Neodectes spp., Proctophyllodes spp., and Proterothrix spp. feather mites (Astigmata: Proctophyllodidae). Correlations are illustrated between widths (A-B) and lengths (C-D) of the male adanal suckers and the female docking papillae. R2 values indicate how well variation in one variable is predicted by that of the other variable.
FIGURE 2 in Like A Glove: Do The Dimensions Of Male Adanal Suckers And Tritonymphal Female Docking Papillae Correlate In The Proctophyllodidae (Astigmata: Analgoidea)?
FIGURE 2: Correlation between adult male and tritonymphal female body length (µm) in Neodectes spp., Proctophyllodes spp., and Proterothrix spp. (Astigmata: Proctophyllodidae). Length of the idiosoma was measured from the anterior margin of the prodorsum to the posterior region of the body excluding the opisthosomal lamellae in males. Body size was positively correlated between the sexes (rs = 0.66, n = 32, P <0.01) whereby larger tritonymphal females were paired with larger conspecific males.
FIGURE 1 in Like A Glove: Do The Dimensions Of Male Adanal Suckers And Tritonymphal Female Docking Papillae Correlate In The Proctophyllodidae (Astigmata: Analgoidea)?
FIGURE 1: Length of the idiosoma in Proctophyllodes spp. in A. female tritonymphs, B. adult females and C. adult males. Measurements (dashed line) were taken from the margin of the prodorsum to the posterior margin of the body. In female tritonymphs we measured the lateral length (A), medial length (B), and width (C) of the docking papillae. In adult males (D; ventral), we measured the distal (D) and basal (E) widths of the adanal suckers as well as sucker depth (F). Line drawings are modeled after Proctophyllodes glandarinus for adults and from Proctophyllodes pari for tritonymphs (Atyeo and Braasch, 1996). Diagrams of the docking papillae and adanal suckers are drawn after scanning electron images published in Witali´nski et al. (1992).
Figure 263 in Southern African pholcid spiders: revision and cladistic analysis of Quamtana gen. nov. and Spermophora Hentz (Araneae: Pholcidae), with notes on male-female covariation
Figure 263. Known distribution of Quamtana gen. nov. within South Africa (contd.).
Heightened condition dependent expression of structural colouration in the faces, but not wings, of male and female flies
<p>Data from White et al. (2021): Heightened condition dependent expression of structural colouration in the faces, but not wings, of male and female flies</p>
Data for "Reinfections and cross-protection in the 1918/19 influenza pandemic: Revisiting a survey among male and female factory workers"
<p>Dataset underlying the analysis of the paper: "Reinfections and cross-protection in the 1918/19 influenza pandemic: Revisiting a survey among male and female factory workers"</p> <p>The dataset includes the following variables:</p> <ul> <li>Sex - male, female</li> <li>Age2 - age in full years</li> <li>Grippe - influenza (oui = yes, non=no)</li> <li>Times_grippe - how often did the influenza occur (0-3)</li> <li>Reinfection - 0=no, 1=yes</li> <li>Reinfection_forte - was the reinfection stronger or the same (1) or weaker (0) as the first infection?</li> <li>Severeness - 1=mild, 2 and 3 = strong</li> <li>reinf_v1 - reinfection first wave 0=no, 1=yes</li> <li>vage1 - infection first wave 0=no, 1=yes</li> <li>reinf_v2 - reinfection second wave 0=no, 1=yes</li> <li>vage2 - infection second wave 0=no, 1=yes</li> <li>reinf_v3 - reinfection third wave 0=no, 1=yes</li> <li>vage3 - infection third wave 0=no, 1=yes</li> <li>reinf_y1919 - reinfection winter 1919 0=no, 1=yes</li> <li>vage_1919 - infection winter 1919 0=no, 1=yes</li> <li>Grippe1890 - illness 1890 0=no, 1=yes</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Diet quality impairs male and female reproductive performance and affects the opportunity for selection in an insect model
<p><span>Environmental factors can have profound effects on the strength and direction of selection and recent studies suggest that such environment-dependent selection can be sex-specific. Sexual selection theory predicts that male fitness is more condition dependent compared to female fitness, suggesting that male fitness is more sensitive to environmental stress. However, our knowledge about the effect of environmental factors on sex-specific reproductive performance and on sex differences in the opportunity for selection is still very limited. In the present study, we investigated the sex-specific effects of diet quality (yeast deprivation and flour type) in the red flour beetle <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>. Specifically, we manipulated yeast supplementation in wheat and whole-wheat flour in competition assays allowing to test for sex-specific effects of food quality (i) on reproductive success and (ii) on the opportunity for selection. Our data show that yeast deprivation in wheat flour had significantly negative effects on body mass and reproductive success of both sexes, while high quality flour (whole-wheat flour) was able to buffer the negative impact to a large extent. Importantly, our data suggest no sex-specific effect of dietary stress on reproductive success because the magnitude of the negative effect of yeast deprivation was similar for males and females. Moreover, our study demonstrates that low food quality inflated the opportunity for selection and did not differ between sexes neither under benign nor stressful dietary conditions. We discuss the implications of our findings for the adaptation to stressful environments.</span></p>
Data from a test of female defense in male collared lizards
<p>A widely held principle in behavioral ecological research is that polygynous social systems evolve either by direct male defense of females or male defense of resources, although which of these mechanisms applies in particular species is rarely examined experimentally. We tested the relative importance of female versus resource defense in polygynous territorial male collared lizards (<em>Crotaphytus</em> <em>collaris</em>). Using a novel experimental design, we temporarily removed some of the resident females from male territories to create a female-free removal zone, whereas resident females were left intact within a non-removal zone. We then compared activity of males within each zone during three experimental phases: before we removed females, for two days when females were absent, and the day following return of females. If males defend females directly, we expected them to adjust the location of their patrol and display within removal and non-removal zones depending on the presence/absence of females, whereas we expected no such change if males defend resources. Male activity in the removal zone generally decreased when females were removed but then increased when females were replaced, whereas we observed the opposite pattern in the non-removal zone. The observed shifts in the location of patrol and display in response to the presence/absence of females, while resources remained constant, indicate that polygynous male collared lizards defend females directly. Our results suggest that male collared lizards take advantage of strong female philopatry to relatively small areas by focusing their patrol and display activities where potential mates reside.</p>
Figure 10. Adult male Brettus cingulatus. 1 in Conversion of the egg nest to a brood nest by the female Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figure 10. Adult male Brettus cingulatus. 1, Display with pedipalps extended to the sides. 2, Grooming, with fangs extended and chelicerae separated to reveal the endites and rostrum to the rear. Attribution and ©: 1-2, acharya_mr.
Data from: Female and male plumage brightness is positively correlated among populations of the dichromatic Variable Seedeater
<p>Because studies of plumage coloration often focus on highly elaborate and conspicuous males, little is known about the factors driving the evolution of drab plumage in females of dichromatic species. We explored variation in the color properties of drab female plumage across subspecies of the Variable Seedeater (<em>Sporophila corvina</em>), and found a correlation between plumage brightness of male and female plumage patches. This correlation is consistent with the hypothesis that differences in plumage brightness among females result, at least partially, from a genetic correlation or shared developmental pathway with the more conspicuous male plumage traits that are shaped by sexual selection. Further, we modeled the perception of female plumage using the avian visual system and found that most of the variation in color among females is mostly undetectable by birds; therefore, it is unlikely for such variation to have evolved via direct sexual selection as a signal for recognition or assortative mating. Together, these results suggest that variation in <em>S. corvina</em> female color result from non-adaptive processes. However, we found a reduced variation on color of dorsal patches compared with that of ventral patches among females, which could be explained by natural selection operation on crypsis, reducing the variation on dorsal patches. Finally, we found little differences in plumage color between adult females and juveniles, which suggest selection for juveniles to resemble adult females possibly to reduce aggression from adult males. Additional within-population studies and behavioral experiments are needed to discern the evolutionary factors driving variation on <em>S. corvina</em> female color and its function.</p>
Data and code for the manuscript:"Female preference for rare males is maintained by indirect selection in Trinidadian guppies"
<p>Data and code for the manuscript "Female preference for rare males is maintained by indirect selection in Trinidadian guppies</p> <p>This project contains three data files and two scripts.</p> <p>Data files:</p> <ul> <li> <p>LL_guppy_data.csv (the mark recapture data from the experimental stream)</p> </li> <li> <p>standardized_locations.csv (the standardized names for pools and riffles each month)</p> </li> <li> <p>pat_data.csv (the classification of male colour patterns by fish id)</p> </li> </ul> <p>Scripts:</p> <ul> <li> <p>data_preparation.R (this script merges the data files, calculates male pattern rarity and novelty, and scores fitness components. RUN THIS FIRST)</p> </li> <li> <p>analysis_and_figures.R (this script builds, runs, and checks the models, summarises the output, and produces the figures. RUN THIS SECOND)</p> </li> </ul>
Audio files and dataset: Guess who? Evaluating individual acoustic monitoring for males and females of the Tawny Pipit, a migratory passerine bird with a simple song
<p>We have uploaded the audio files (song files + recording files) and the dataset of the analysis conducted in our manuscript entitled ''Guess who? Evaluating individual acoustic monitoring for males and females of the<br> Tawny Pipit, a migratory passerine bird with a simple song''. This study is published in the scientific journal ''Journal of Ornithology''. We have also provided a txt. file, called 'Read me' explaining the uploaded data in more detail.</p>
Data from: Androgen-armoured amazons – reversed sex roles in coucals are associated with testosterone in females but not males
<p class="MsoNormal">In some species, sexual selection is stronger in females than males. In classically polyandrous birds, for instance, females compete for mating opportunities and males care for offspring. Sex steroids such as testosterone have been suggested to regulate the behaviours of 'role-reversed' females and males, but comparative studies did not find evidence for a role of testosterone in relation to sex roles. However, the large variability of hormone measurements across laboratories may prevent detecting subtle differences in hormone levels. To circumvent this caveat, I compared sex steroid concentrations of females and males of two closely related and cohabiting species with different mating systems, the classically polyandrous black coucal (<em>Centropus grillii</em>) and the monogamous white-browed coucal (<em>C. superciliosus</em>). Baseline and GnRH-induced testosterone concentrations were twice as high in female black coucals than female white-browed coucals, and the low pre-breeding progesterone concentrations of female black coucals were consistent with progesterone's modulatory role during agonistic interactions in this species. Baseline and GnRH-induced testosterone and progesterone concentrations did not differ between males of both species. This study provides first evidence that elevated testosterone is associated with sex-role reversed traits in females, whereas low levels of testosterone may not be necessary to facilitate sex-role reversal in males.</p>
Female great tits (Parus major) reproduce earlier when paired with a male they prefer
<p><span>Mate choice is a key component of reproductive biology. Females often prefer certain males but do females modulate their reproductive investment depending on whether they are mated with their preferred partner? We investigated this question in great tits (<em>Parus</em> <em>major</em>) where we subjected 36 females to a six-choice mate preference test. Male morphological traits and the female's own characteristics did not influence the preference females expressed. We did find that females spent significantly more time near more exploratory males. We then paired them with one of the males in aviaries and subsequently monitored their reproductive investment (through measurement of plasma 17β-oestradiol concentrations, first egg date, clutch size, and egg size). Females that were mated with a male for which they had a strong preference laid their first clutch significantly earlier in the season than females paired with a male they less preferred. Our results show that mate preference influences reproductive investment in great tits, thereby linking mate choice to bird reproductive decisions. </span></p>
Data from: Cryptic male mate choice for high-quality females reduces male postcopulatory success in future matings
<p>Cryptic male mate choice occurs when males differentially allocate resources to females during or after copulation. When male resources are limited, males may benefit by strategically allocating more resources toward higher-quality females. In the fruit fly, <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, males mate for longer and may transfer more sperm and more seminal proteins when they mate with larger females compared to smaller females. It is unclear, however, whether this increased investment in large females has any impact on the males' later matings. We mated <em>D. melanogaster</em> males sequentially to females of large or small body size in all possible combinations to test whether cryptic male mate choice for large females is costly to the males' subsequent matings. Second matings were shorter for males compared to their first matings, but there were no differences in fecundity between females mated first or second by a male. Interestingly, male success at defensive sperm competition declined between his first and second matings only when his first mating had been with a large female. This suggests that the higher initial investment in large females reduced male postcopulatory success in their subsequent matings. Cryptic male mate choice may carry underappreciated costs to males that could limit their reproductive potential.</p>
Data from: Increased male-induced harm in response to female-limited selection: interactive effects between intra- and interlocus sexual conflict?
<p><span>Interlocus sexual conflict (IRSC) occurs because of shared interactions that have opposite effects on male and female fitness. Typically, it is assumed that loci involved in IRSC have sex-limited expression and are thus not directly affected by selective pressures acting on the other sex. However, if loci involved in IRSC have pleiotropic effects in the other sex, intersexual selection can shape the evolutionary dynamics of conflict escalation and resolution, as well as the evolution of reproductive traits linked to IRSC loci, and vice versa. Here we used an artificial selection approach in</span><span> Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix</em> <em>japonica</em>) to test if female-limited selection on reproductive investment affects the amount of harm caused by males during mating. We found that males originating from lines selected for high female reproductive investment caused more oxidative damage in the female reproductive tract than males originating from lines selected for low female reproductive investment. This male-induced damage was specific to the oviduct and not found in other female tissues, suggesting that it was ejaculate-mediated. Our results suggest that intersexual selection shapes the evolution of IRSC and that male-induced harm may contribute to the maintenance of variation in female reproductive investment.</span></p>
Disease parameters following ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 infection are similar in male and female BALB/C mice
<p>Sex-related differences in the incidence or severity of infection have been described for multiple viruses. With herpes simplex viruses, the best example is HSV-2 genital infection where women have a higher incidence of infection and can have more severe infections than men. HSV-1 causes several types of infections including skin and mucosal ulcers, keratitis, and encephalitis in humans that do not appear to have a strong biological sex component. Given that mouse strains differ in their MHC loci it is important to determine if sex differences occur in multiple strains of mice. Our goal was to answer two questions: Are virus-related sex differences present in BALB/C mice and does virulence of the viral strain have an effect? We generated a panel of recombinant HSV-1 viruses with differing virulence phenotypes and characterized multiple clinical correlates of ocular infection in BALB/c mice. We found no sex-specific differences in blepharitis, corneal clouding, neurovirulence, and viral titers in eye washes. Sex differences in neovascularization, weight loss, and eyewash titers were observed for some recombinants, but these were not consistent across the phenotypes tested for any recombinant virus. Considering these findings, we conclude that there are no significant sex-specific ocular pathologies in the parameters measured, regardless of the virulence phenotype following ocular infection in BALB/c mice, suggesting that the use of both sexes is not necessary for the bulk of ocular infection studies.</p>
Data for: Insect homolog of oxytocin/vasopressin associated with parenting of males but not females in a subsocial beetle
<p>Parental care is thought to evolve through modification of behavioral precursors, which predicts that the mechanistic changes occur in the genes underlying those traits. The duplicated gene system of oxytocin/vasopressin has been broadly co-opted across vertebrates to influence parenting, from a pre-duplication ancestral role in water balance. It remains unclear whether co-option of these genes for parenting is limited to vertebrates. Here, we experimentally tested for associations between <em>inotocin </em>gene expression and water balance, parental acceptance of offspring, and active parenting in the subsocial beetle <em>Nicrophorus orbicollis</em>, to test whether a single copy homologue,<em> inotocin</em>, has similarly been co-opted for parental care in a species with elaborate parenting. As expected, <em>inotocin</em> was associated with water balance in both sexes. <em>Inotocin</em> expression increased around sexual maturation in both males and females, although more clearly in males. Finally, we found that expression of inotocin was not associated with acceptance of larvae but was associated with a transition to male but not female parenting. Moreover, level of offspring provisioning behavior and gene expression were positively correlated in males but uncorrelated in females. Our results suggest a broad co-option of this system for parenting that may have existed prior to gene duplication, and that inotocin may be associated with flexibility in parenting behavior.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.