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Fig. 7 in A new species of the plagiaulacoid multituberculate mammal Eobaatar from the Early Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of plagiaulacoid multituberculate Eobaatar clemensi sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Wessex Formation, Isle of Wight. A. BMNH M 45482, holotype left m1 in occlusal (A1, stereo pair) and oblique distolingual (A2) views. B. BMNH M 45557, paratype left m1 in occlusal view (stereo pair).

Fig. 9 in A new species of the plagiaulacoid multituberculate mammal Eobaatar from the Early Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 9. Plagiaulacoid multituberculate Eobaatar clemensi sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Wessex Formation, Isle of Wight. Scanning electron micrographs of BMNH M 45483, a multituberculate left I3, in mesiolabial (A), lingual (B), and occlusal (C, stereo pair) views.

Fig. 2. A, B in A new species of the plagiaulacoid multituberculate mammal Eobaatar from the Early Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 2. A, B. Multituberculate teeth from the Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight tentatively referred by Butler and Ford (1975) to Loxaulax sp. A. Left m2 (part of SMNS 51981) in occlusal (A1), mesiolabial (A2), and distolabial (A3) views (hatched areas represent broken surfaces) (see also Fig. 8B). B. Left I2 (part of SMNS 51981) in labial (B1), mesial (B2), and occlusal (B3) views (see also Fig. 10C). C. For comparison, right I2 from Cliff End provisionally referred by Clemens (1963) to Loxaulax valdensis Simpson, 1928 in labial (C1) and lingual (C2) views.

Fig. 8 in A new species of the plagiaulacoid multituberculate mammal Eobaatar from the Early Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 8. Plagiaulacoid multituberculate Eobaatar clemensi sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Wessex Formation, Isle of Wight. A. Scanning electron micrograph of BMHH M 45482 in occlusal view. B. Normal light photograph of the m2 part of SMNS 51981 in occlusal view, to show its possible relationship to m1(s) BMNH M 45482 and 45557 (it was not possible to obtain scanning electron micrographs of the specimen which was glued to card by the original collector).

Fig. 6 in A new species of the plagiaulacoid multituberculate mammal Eobaatar from the Early Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 6. Outline drawing of the holotype specimen, BMNH M 45482, to show disposition of cusps and pits, and cusp abbreviations used in the text.

Fig. 5. A in A new species of the plagiaulacoid multituberculate mammal Eobaatar from the Early Cretaceous of southern Britain

Fig. 5. A phylogenetic tree for the Plagiaulacida. After Hahn and Hahn (2004) with amendments and additions. Geological time scale from Gradstein et al. 2004. Temporal distribution of taxa from Kielan−Jaworowska et al. 2004. Abbreviations for Jurassic and Cretaceous stages: Al, Albian; Ap, Aptian; Ba, Barremian; Be, Berriasian; Ce, Cenomanian; Ha, Hauterivian; J1–J2, Middle and Lower Jurassic; Ki, Kimmeridgian; Ox, Oxfordian; Ti, Tithonian; Va, Valanginian.

Fig. 13 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 13. Right tarsus of multituberculates mammal Kryptobaatar dashzevegi Kielan−Jaworowska, 1970, ZPAL MgM−1/41. Upper Cretaceous,?Early Campanian Djadokhta Formation, Bayan Zak, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Stereo−photographs in plantar (A) and lateral (B) views.

Fig. 12 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 12. Multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 120/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Disarticulated bones of the tarsus. A. Left Vth metatarsal associated with the first phalange and not identified bone preserved on the plantar side of the phalange (no. 69 in Fig. 1B), in dorsal (A1), plantar (A2), medial (A3), and lateral (A4) views. Unidentified bone obscures the shape of the first phalange in all the views. Furrow for the tendon of m. peroneus longus, as a rule seen in proximal part of the plantar view of MtV in well preserved multituberculate skeletons, in figured specimen is hardly discernible because of the poor state of preservation. B. Os cornu calcaris (no. 30 in Fig. 1B), in dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views. C. Right astragalus (no. 71 in Fig. 1B), in plantar (C1) and dorsal (C2) views. A1–C2, stereo−photographs; C3 and C4, explanatory drawings for C1 and C2.

Fig. 10 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 10. Multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 120/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia (nos. 66 and 69 in Fig. 1A and B respectively). Left tarsus of Catopsbaatar catopsaloides. A. Stereo−photograph in lateral view, with metatarsals arranged obliquely and calcaneus in lateral view. B. Stereo−photograph in lateral and in a slightly plantar view. The specimen in B looks larger than in A, because the first finger, preserved in B, has been removed from A.

Fig. 11 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 11. Multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 120/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia (nos. 66 and 69 in Fig. 1B). Detail of the left tarsus. A. Stereo−photograph in dorsal view. B. Stereo−photograph of the same in ventral view. Note that the metatarsals have been slightly distorted from their original place in the living animal.

Fig. 9 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 9. Multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 120/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. A. Left tibia (no. 61 in Fig. 1B); A1, A2, left tibia with fragment of lateral femoral condyle and a tiny fragment of femoral shaft preserved on the proximal surface, in posterior (A1) and anterior (A2) views; A3–A5, higher magnification of the same tibia, after removal of femur's fragments, in posterior (A3), anterior (A4), lateral (A5), and medial (A6) views; A7, still higher magnification of the same tibia in proximal view. The arrows in A5 and A7 denote the damaged?parafibula. Note the damage of the medial part of the proximal surface. B. Left fibula (no. 62 in Fig. 1B) with strongly damaged proximal part in?posterior (B1),?medial (B2), and?lateral (B3) views. All except for A1 and A2 are stereo−photographs.

Fig. 6 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 6. Multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 120/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia (no. 21 in Fig. 1A and B). Incomplete right humerus in association with radius and ulna. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. Stereo−photographs (A1, B1) and explanatory drawings of the same (A2, B2).

Fig. 7 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 7. Ischia and pubis of Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 20/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. A. Right ischium (no. 43 in Fig. 1B) in lateral (A1) and medial (A2) views. B.?left pubis (no. 42 in Fig. 1B) in lateral view. All stereo−photographs.

Fig. 8 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 8. Multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 120/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Incomplete femora. A. Left femur (no. 54 in Fig. 1B) in ventral (A1, A2), dorsal (A3, A4), medial (A5, A6), and lateral (A7, A8) views. B. Right femur (no. 41 in Fig. 1A and 1B), in ventral (B1), dorsal (B2), and medial (B3) views. C. Reconstruction of multituberculate femur based on Kryptobaatar, Nemegtbaatar, and Eucosmodon, shown for comparison, in ventral (C1) and dorsal (C2) views. Stereo−photographs (A1, A3, A5, A7, B1–B3) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, A6, A8).

Fig. 5 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 5. Multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 120/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Incomplete left humerus (no. 1 in Fig. 1A). Middle and distal parts of the humerus in anterior (ventral) (A), distal (B), medial (C), and posterior (dorsal) (D) views. Stereo−photographs (A1, B1, C1, D1) and explanatory drawings (A2, B2, C2, D2). Note that B is in a different scale than A, C, and D.

Fig. 2 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 2. Multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 120/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Incomplete lumbar vertebra (possibly L5 or L6), with spinous process partly preserved, missing transverse processes and the body (no. 8 in Fig. 1A), in dorsal (A), posterior (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), anterior (E), and ventral (F) views. Stereo−photographs (A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, and F1) and explanatory drawings (A2, B2, C2, D2, E2, and F2). All the items are in the same scale (marked at C1).

Fig. 4 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 4. Multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 120/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. A. Scapulocoracoid fragments (no. 3 in Fig. 1B) of the left incomplete scapulocoracoid in lateral view (A1), and explanatory drawing of the same (A2), in medial view (A3) and explanatory drawing of the same (A4). B. Displaced fragment of the right scapulocoracoid (no. 70 in Fig. 1B), associated with broken and displaced ribs; the scapulocoracoid in anteromedial view; the arrow points to the infraspinous fossa. A1, A3, and B, stereo−photographs.

Fig. 1 in Postcranial skeleton of a Cretaceous multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar

Fig. 1. Multituberculate mammal Catopsbaatar catopsaloides (Kielan−Jaworowska, 1974), PM 120/107, Upper Cretaceous, red beds of Hermiin Tsav, Hermiin Tsav I locality, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. General views of the skeleton, as preserved, before separation of particular bones. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view of the same, after separation of the skull and some bones. Explanation of the numbers: 1, left humerus; 2, head of ulna; 3, left scapulacoracoid; 4, rib from left side; 5, rib from left side; 6, rib from left side; 7, rib from left side; 8, incomplete lumbar vertebra; 9, rib from left side; 10, rib from left side; 11, left clavicle; 12, fragment; 13, right metatarsal; 14, right metatarsal; 15, fragment; 16, incomplete lumbar vertebra; 17, right clavicle; 18, fragment; 19, fragment; 20, right rib; 21, right humerus, radius and ulna; 22, left and right ilia (now missing); 23, fragment; 24, left ischium; 25, fragment; 26, fragment; 27, prepubis; 28, fragment; 29, fragment; 30, Os cornu calcaris; 31, incomplete vertebra; 32, incomplete vertebra; 33, incomplete vertebra; 34, incomplete vertebra; 35, incomplete vertebra; 36, incomplete vertebra; 37, fragment; 38, right tibia; 39,?fibula; 40, fragment; 41, right femur; 42, right pubis; 43, right ischium; 44, fragment; 45, fragments; 46, left rib; 47, fragments; 48, left rib; 49, fragment; 50, fragment; 51, fragment; 52, right rib; 53, right rib; 54, left femur; 55, incomplete lumbar vertebra; 56, phalange from left foot; 57, phalange from left foot from III; 58, fragment of rib; 59, fragments of ribs; 60, fragment of?scapulacoracoid; 61, left tibia; 62, left fibula; 63, left Vth metatarsal with first phalange; 64, fragments; 65, fragment; 66, phalanges from left foot from IV; 67, phalanges from left foot from II; 68, phalanges from left foot from I; 69, left tarsus, proximal part; 70, right ribs and scapulacoracoid associated: 71, right astragalus.

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Fig. 7 in Early Cretaceous multituberculate mammals from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), central Japan

Fig. 7. Eobatarid multituberculate mammal Hakusanobaatar matsuoi gen. et sp. nov.; Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation, Shiramine, Japan; SEM photograph of SBEI 2352 (a resin cast of SBEI 581 before the anterior part of the dentary was lost), left lower jaw fragment with damaged p4. A. Lingual view. B. Labial view; arrows indicate alveoli of a single−rooted p2 and a double−rooted p3. C. Occlusal view; arrows indicate the alveolus of a p2 and the anterior alveolus of a p3.