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FIGURE 2 in Phytophagous and predatory mites on olive trees in Tunisia. Catalogue, description of one new species and key for identification (Acari, Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae and Phytoseiidae)
FIGURE 2: Ventral shields of the female of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) mathieui n. sp.
FIGURE 1 in Phytophagous and predatory mites on olive trees in Tunisia. Catalogue, description of one new species and key for identification (Acari, Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae and Phytoseiidae)
FIGURE 1: Dorsal shield and peritreme of the female of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) mathieui n. sp.
Figure 7 in A dynamic model for the evolution of sabrecat predatory bite mechanics
Figure 7. The relative force output at the upper canine [(I(Tf(cos Q))/Oca) where I, inlever moment arm; Tf, theoretical force output from the muscle fibre; Q, angle between the effective (rotational) torque about the temporomandibular joint and T; O, outlever moment arm to the centre of C1] at gape angles from occlusion to maximal inferred gape in: A, deep f ca masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 1; B, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 2; C, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 3; D, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 4; E, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 5; F, superficial masseter. Negative values imply that an adductor has shifted to becoming an abductor at this gape angle.
Figure 3 in A dynamic model for the evolution of sabrecat predatory bite mechanics
Figure 3. The angle (Q) between the effective (rotational) torque about the temporomandibular joint (Te) and the theoretical force output from the muscle fibre (Tf) at gape angles from occlusion to maximal inferred gape in: A, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 1; B, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 2; C, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 3; D, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 4; E, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 5; F, superficial masseter.
Figure 2 in A dynamic model for the evolution of sabrecat predatory bite mechanics
Figure 2. The angle (Q) between the effective (rotational) torque about the temporomandibular joint (Te) and the theoretical force output from the muscle fibre (Tf) at gape angles from occlusion to maximal inferred gape in: A, temporalis fibre 1; B, temporalis fibre 3; C, temporalis fibre 5; D, temporalis fibre 7; E, temporalis fibre 8; F, temporalis fibre 10.
Figure 5 in A dynamic model for the evolution of sabrecat predatory bite mechanics
Figure 5. The relative ability of individual muscle fibres to generate rotational torque about the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) [effective (rotational) torque about the TMJ divided by the theoretical force output from the muscle fibre (Te/Tf)] at gape angles from occlusion to maximal inferred gape in: A, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 1; B, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 2; C, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 3; D, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 4; E, deep masseter + zygomaticomandibularis fibre 5; F, superficial masseter.
Figure 4 in A dynamic model for the evolution of sabrecat predatory bite mechanics
Figure 4. The relative ability of individual muscle fibres to generate rotational torque about the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) [effective (rotational) torque about the TMJ divided by the theoretical force output from the muscle fibre (Te/Tf)] at gape angles from occlusion to maximal inferred gape in: A, temporalis fibre 1; B, temporalis fibre 3; C, temporalis fibre 5; D, temporalis fibre 7; E, temporalis fibre 8; F, temporalis fibre 10.
Figure 6 in A dynamic model for the evolution of sabrecat predatory bite mechanics
Figure 6. The relative force output at the upper canine [(I(Tf(cos Q))/Oca) where I, inlever moment arm; Tf, theoretical force output from the muscle fibre; Q, angle between the effective (rotational) torque about the temporomandibular joint and T; O, outlever moment arm to the centre of C1] at gape angles from occlusion to maximal inferred gape in: A, f ca temporalis fibre 1; B, temporalis fibre 3; C, temporalis fibre 5; D, temporalis fibre 7; E, temporalis fibre 8; F, temporalis fibre 10. Negative values imply that an adductor has shifted to becoming an abductor at this gape angle.
Figure 1 in A dynamic model for the evolution of sabrecat predatory bite mechanics
Figure 1. The ability of the mandibular adductors to generate torque about the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was estimated at ten regularly spaced intervals of the M. temporalis (T1–T10); at five regularly spaced intervals of the M. masseter profunda + M. zygomaticomandibularis (M1–M5); and the anterior-most insertion of the M. masseter superficialis. A, lion (Panthera leo; CN3503; ♂), with mandible at occlusion and at estimated maximal gape, illustrating torque about the TMJ at T1 (green vectors); B, Smilodon fatalis [LACMHC2001-173 (cranium) and LACMHC2001-4543 (mandible)] with mandible at occlusion and at estimated maximal gape, illustrating torque about the TMJ at M2 (blue vectors), and at SM (red vectors). Abbreviations: Im, inlever moment arm for masseter muscle fibre torque about the TMJ; I, inlever moment arm for temporalis muscle fibre torque about the TMJ; O, outlever moment arm to the carnassial (P4) t c paracone apex; O, outlever moment arm to the centre of C1; T, effective (rotational) torque about the TMJ; T, theoretical ca e f force output from the muscle fibre; Q, angle between Te and Tf. Scale bars = 10 cm.
FIGURE 4 in Sustainable weed management and predatory mite (Acari: Phytoseiidae) dynamics in Tunisian citrus orchards
FIGURE 4: Mean Phytoseiidae densities (a) per citrus leaf, (b) per weed quadrat and (c) per trap for the two weeding modalities in three citrus species orchards of the experimental 2.
FIGURE 3 in Sustainable weed management and predatory mite (Acari: Phytoseiidae) dynamics in Tunisian citrus orchards
FIGURE 3: Mean Phytoseiidae densities per date (a) per citrus leaf, (b) per weed quadrat and (c) per trap for the four weeding modalities in the experimental site 1.
UV radiation affects anti-predatory defense traits in Daphnia pulex
In aquatic environments prey perceive predator threats by chemical cues called kairomones, which can induce changes in their morphology, life histories and behavior. Predator-induced defenses have allowed for prey, such as Daphnia pulex, to avert capture by common invertebrate predators, such as Chaoborus sp. larvae. However, the influence of additional stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), on the Daphnia-Chaoborus interaction is not settled as UVR may for instance deactivate the kairomone. In laboratory experiments, we investigated the combined effect of kairomones and UVR at ecologically relevant levels on induced morphological defenses of two D. pulex clones. We found that kairomones were not deactivated by UVR exposure. Instead, UVR exposure suppressed induced morphological defense traits of D. pulex juveniles under predation threat by generally decreasing the number of neckteeth and especially by decreasing the size of the pedestal beneath the neckteeth. UVR exposure also decreased the body length, body width, and tail spine length of juveniles, likely additionally increasing the vulnerability to Chaoborus predation. Our results suggest potential detrimental effects on fitness and survival of D. pulex subject to UVR-stress, with consequences on community composition and food web structure in clear and shallow water bodies.
FIGURES 1–5 in A new species of Neoseiulus Hughes, with records of seven species of predatory mites associated with date palm in Saudi Arabia (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
FIGURES 1–5. Neoseiulus saudiensis Negm, Alatawi & Aldryhim n. sp. Female, 1. idiosoma dorsum, 2. idiosoma venter, 3. spermatheca, 4. chelicera, 5. genu, tibia and basitarsus IV.
Figure 4 in Phylogenetic analysis of the predatory plant bug subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on molecular and morphological data
Figure 4. Model-based phylogenies based on the molecular-only dataset for 51 taxa. A, Bayesian inference tree using MRBAYES; B, maximum likelihood tree using RAxML. Nodal support of PP> 0.5 or BS> 50 displayed as circular and square symbols, respectively.
Figure 7 in Phylogenetic analysis of the predatory plant bug subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on molecular and morphological data
Figure 7. IW parsimonious tree with K = 9 for 69 taxa, for the combined dataset computed with TNT. Mapped characters refer to unambiguous changes (referred to in the Results and Discussion sections). Filled circles represent synapomorphies and open circles represent homoplasies. Numbers above branches represent jack-knife frequencies (JK) (left) and symmetric resampling values (SR) (right). Numbers below branches represent Bremer support values (BR). Filled stars refer to nodal support of 100. Nodal support of BR> 2 or JK/SR> 50 displayed. Squares indicate the support values on major nodes, and the slash in the square indicates an unsupported clade. Red circle refers to the fossil species Amberderaeous gigophthalmus. Images in the black rectangle (top right) represent the subfamilies used: (a) Cylapinae; (b) Bryocorinae: Monaloniini; (c) Orthotylinae; (d) Bryocorinae: Dicyphini; (e) Phylinae.
Figure 2. Non-genitalic morphological character states. A in Phylogenetic analysis of the predatory plant bug subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on molecular and morphological data
Figure 2. Non-genitalic morphological character states. A, Deraeocoris oliƲaceus; B, Stethoconus japonicus; C, Deraeocoris sp.; D, Termatophylum hikosanum; E, Bothynotus pilosus; F, Bothynotus sp. in ventral view; G, Saturniomiris lugens (Chan & Cassis, 2020); H, Surinamella doesburgi (from Ferreira et al., 2015); I, Eustictus grossus; J, Amberderaeous gigophthalmus in amber. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 1. Deraeocorinae and feeding habit. A in Phylogenetic analysis of the predatory plant bug subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on molecular and morphological data
Figure 1. Deraeocorinae and feeding habit. A, Deraeocoris sanghonami; B, Deraeocoris ulmi under bark (overwintering); C, D. ulmi, 3rd instar nymph, feeding on an aphid; D, Deraeocoris ater, 4th instar nymphs, with aphids; E, D. ater, 4th instar nymph, feeding on a moth larva; F, D. ater, adult, feeding on a moth larva.
Figure 3. Genitalic morphological character states. A-M in Phylogenetic analysis of the predatory plant bug subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on molecular and morphological data
Figure 3. Genitalic morphological character states. A-M, male genitalia; N-O, female genitalia. A-F, left paramere; G-I, right paramere; J-M, endosoma; N, genital chamber; O, valvula. A, H, Deraeocoris ulmi; B, J, Alloeotomus germanicus; C, M, Deraeocoris flaƲilinea; D, Stethoconus japonicus; E, Deraeocoris claspericapilatus; F, G, L, Deraeocoris salicis; I, Deraeocoris oliƲaceus; K, Deraeocoris ater; N, Deraeocoris ribauti; O, Deraeocoris serenus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of Scymnus Kugelann (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) predatory on amla aphid, Schoutedenia emblica (Patel & Kulkarni) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from India
FIGURE 6. Other predators of Schoutedenia emblica: a. larvae of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F.); b. adult of Cheilomenes sexmaculata; c. pupa of Leucopis sp.; d. adult of Leucopis sp.; e, f. larva of Paragus serratus (F.) feeding on amla aphid; g. pupa of P. serratuts; h. adult of P. serratus.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Scymnus Kugelann (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) predatory on amla aphid, Schoutedenia emblica (Patel & Kulkarni) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from India
FIGURE 5. Parasitoids of Scymnus (Scymnus) hodeki sp. n.: a, b. pupae of Pachyneuron sp.; c. adult of Pachyneuron sp.; d. Pachyneuron sp. ovipositing on the pupa; e. Homalotylus albiclavatus (Agarwal), adult female.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.