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FIGURE 11 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 11. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) rupestris (Linnaeus, 1758), larva: Habitus of unfed larva in dorsal view.
FIGURE 13 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 13. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) rupestris (Linnaeus, 1758), larva: a—scutum. b—gnathosoma, ventral view. Abbreviations: AL—anterior lateral seta, ASens—anterior sensillum (AM of other authors), PL—posterior lateral seta, PSens—posterior sensillum, as—oral spine like seta, bs—hypostomal seta, cs—adoral seta, elcp—supracoxala, ω—solenidion, ζ—eupathidium.
FIGURE 15 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 15. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) rupestris (Linnaeus, 1758), Phenology based on cumulated data of regular field samplings 2000–2001 in the National Park 'Lower Odra Valley'. LA—larva (n=85), PN—protonymph (n=4), DN—deutonymph (n=13), TN—tritonymph (n=5), AD—adult (n=48).
FIGURE 9 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 9. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) rupestris (Linnaeus, 1758), adult: a—palp genu, tibia and tarsus (lateral view) and medial view of palp tibia and tarsus, b—scutum with crista metopica and position of lateral eyes, c—posterior dorsal body setae.
FIGURE 5 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 5. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) budapestensis Fain and Ripka, 1998, larva: a—leg I (basifemur—genu, dorsolateral view), b—leg II (basifemur—genu, ventral view), c—leg III (basifemur—genu, ventral view). Abbreviations: κ—microseta, σ—solenidion on genu.
FIGURE 6 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 6. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) budapestensis Fain and Ripka, 1998, larva: a—leg I (tibia—tarsus, dorsolateral view), b—leg II (tibia—tarsus, ventral view), c—leg III (tibia—tarsus, ventral view). Abbreviations: ε—famulus, κ—microseta, ω— solenidion on tarsus, ζ—eupathidium, φ—solenidion on tibia, z—accompanying seta.
FIGURE 2 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 2. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) budapestensis Fain and Ripka, 1998, female: a—leg setae, deutonymph: b—palp, medial aspect, c—crista metopica, d—genital opening, e—anal opening.
FIGURE 1 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 1. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) budapestensis Fain and Ripka, 1998, female: a—palp, medial aspect, b—non-sensillary seta (AM = AL), c—crista metopica, d—dorsal opisthosomal setae, e—ventral seta, f—genital opening, g—anal opening.
FIGURE 4 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 4. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) budapestensis Fain and Ripka, 1998, larva: a—gnathosoma, ventral view, b—idiosoma, dorsal view, c—idiosoma, ventral view. Abbreviations: as—adoral seta, bs—hypostomal seta, cs—oral spine like seta, elcp—supracoxala, elcI—supracoxal seta on coxae I, ω—solenidion, ζ—eupathidium.
FIGURE 7 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 7. Attachment sites of larval Erythraeus (Zaracarus) budapestensis Fain and Ripka, 1998, at Uroleucon spp. a—attached to the head and thorax, b—attached to the abdomen, c—attached to the antenna, d—attached to the leg. Not to scale.
FIGURE 12 in Correspondence of larval and postlarval instars in two species of the subgenus Zaracarus (Acari: Erythraeidae: Erythraeus) established with laboratory rearing
FIGURE 12. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) rupestris (Linnaeus, 1758), larva: a—dorsal view of idiosoma with details of posterior dorsal seta and anterior sensillum, b—ventral view of idiosoma with detail of seta ps.
Pyrophilic ground beetle rearing study
<p>Many insects are drawn to the heat, ash, and smoke produced by forest fires and arrive in large numbers at recent burns, often while the fire is still active. Some of these insects are pyrophilic and reproduce exclusively in the immediate aftermath of fire but are rarely, if ever, collected from unburnt habitats. Numerous observations made at active fires note an apparent preference among some pyrophilic insects to oviposit exclusively in the burnt portions of trees, raising broader questions about the adaptive benefits of reproduction in the post-burn environment. Here, we tested whether the reproductive output of pyrophilic ground-beetles (i.e., <em>Sericoda</em> spp.) increased in heat-sterilized soils. In the first experiment, eggs of <em>Sericoda quadripunctata </em>were reared in three types of soil collected from burnt forests: recently burnt soil (collected 1-2 weeks after the fire), soil collected one year after burn, and soil from an unburnt patch of forest adjacent to the fire. Daily monitoring through a dissecting microscope documented extensive predation of eggs by soil microarthropods (mites, springtails, and nematodes), especially in 1-year old and unburnt soil treatments. This led to a second experiment that included the same three treatments and an additional fourth soil treatment: recently burnt soil reheated to 100 °C for 2 hours (i.e., reheated soil). In this experiment, male and female pairs (n = 100) of <em>Sericoda obsoleta</em> were reared for 14 days in jars containing 90 g of soil corresponding to each of the four soil treatments. Reproductive output, measured as the number of larvae produced by each breeding pair, was significantly higher in the reheated soil, suggesting that heat-sterilization and removal of soil-dwelling predators improved egg survival. Our findings suggest that pyrophily in insects may have evolved as a means of increasing reproductive output in the post-burn environment through access to heat-sterilized ovipositing substrates. Furthermore, the abrupt disappearance of <em>Sericoda </em>and other pyrophilic insects following fire may be explained by the sub-optimal reproductive conditions as the burn is colonized by other organisms and by local emigration in favor of other recent burns on the landscape.</p>
Data from: Predation, metabolic priming and early life-history rearing environment affect the swimming capabilities of growth hormone transgenic rainbow trout
The period of first feeding, when young salmonid fishes emerge from natal stream beds, is one fraught with predation risk. Experiments conducted in semi-natural stream mesocosms have shown that growth hormone transgenic salmonids are at greater risk of predation than their non-transgenic siblings, due partly to the higher metabolic demands associated with transgenesis, which force risky foraging behaviours. This raises questions as to whether there are differences in the swim-performance of transgenic and non-transgenic fishes surviving predation experiments. We tested this hypothesis in wild-origin rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that were reared from first feeding in semi-natural stream mesocosms characterized by complex hydrodynamics, the presence of predators and oligotrophic conditions. Using an open-flume raceway, we swam fish and measured their capacity for burst-swimming against a sustained flow. We found a significant genotype effect on burst-performance, with transgenic fish sustaining performance longer than their wild-type siblings, both in predator and predator-free stream segments. Importantly, this effect occurred before differences in growth were discernable. We also found that mesocosm-reared fish had greater burst-performance than fish reared in the controlled hatchery environment, despite the latter being unexposed to predators and having abundant food. Our results suggest a potential interaction between predation and metabolic priming, which leads to greater burst capacity in transgenic trout.
Data from: Premating isolation is determined by larval rearing substrates in cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis. X. Age-specific dynamics of adult epicuticular hyrdocarbon expression in response to different host plants
Analysis of sexual selection and sexual isolation in Drosophila mojavensis and its relatives has revealed a pervasive role of rearing substrates on adult courtship behavior when flies were reared on fermenting cactus in preadult stages. Here, we assessed expression of contact pheromones comprised of epicuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) from eclosion to 28 days of age in adults from two populations reared on fermenting tissues of two host cacti over the entire life cycle. Flies were never exposed to laboratory food and showed significant reductions in average CHC amounts consistent with CHCs of wild-caught flies. Overall, total hydrocarbon amounts increased from eclosion to 14–18 days, well past age at sexual maturity, and then declined in older flies. Most flies did not survive past 4 weeks. Baja California and mainland populations showed significantly different age-specific CHC profiles where Baja adults showed far less age-specific changes in CHC expression. Adults from populations reared on the host cactus typically used in nature expressed more CHCs than on the alternate host. MANCOVA with age as the covariate for the first six CHC principal components showed extensive differences in CHC composition due to age, population, cactus, sex, and age × population, age × sex, and age × cactus interactions. Thus, understanding variation in CHC composition as adult D. mojavensis age requires information about population and host plant differences, with potential influences on patterns of mate choice, sexual selection, and sexual isolation, and ultimately how these pheromones are expressed in natural populations. Studies of drosophilid aging in the wild are badly needed.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of the braconid wasp genus Bracon (Braconinae) from Los Tuxtlas region in Veracruz, Mexico, reared from fruits of three species of Lauraceae
FIGURE 2. Bracon laurae sp. nov. (female, holotype) reared from Damburneya salicifolia fruits. A) habitus in lateral view; B) head, frontal view; C) head and mesosoma, lateral view; D) head and mesosoma, dorsal view; E) first metasomal tergum, dorsal view (paratype); F) fore and hind wings.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of the braconid wasp genus Bracon (Braconinae) from Los Tuxtlas region in Veracruz, Mexico, reared from fruits of three species of Lauraceae
FIGURE 1. Description of the trees and fruits of Lauraceae species from which specimens of B. laurae sp. nov. and B. rosamondae sp. nov. emerged. A) Damburneya ambigens tree; B) arrangement of immature fruits on the branches of Nectandra turbacensis; C) comparison of shape and size of Lauraceae fruits, from left to right: D. ambigens, D. salicifolia and N. turbacensis.
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
Figure 15 in Integrative taxonomy of crustacean y-larvae (Thecostraca: Facetotecta) using laboratory-rearing and molecular analyses of single specimens, with the description of a new vermiform species
Figure 15. Molecular phylogeny of y-larvae (Facetotecta) based on 18S data combining sequences of nine specimens of Hansenocaris demodex sp. nov. and 13 other specimens from Sesoko Island with sequences of Hansenocaris itoi and other limited information from GenBank. For more information on specimens and types, see Table 6 and Figure 14.
Figure 11 in Integrative taxonomy of crustacean y-larvae (Thecostraca: Facetotecta) using laboratory-rearing and molecular analyses of single specimens, with the description of a new vermiform species
Figure 11. Hansenocaris demodex sp. nov., nauplii from Sesoko Island photographed alive (A–J) or as slide-mounted exuvium (K, L). A–E, different naupliar instars; F, penultimate naupliar instar with exuviae from two prior moults still attached posteriorly; G, cyprid with exuviae from three prior naupliar moults still attached posteriorly; H, last-stage nauplius in lateral view; I, posterior end of cyprid with three prior naupliar moults still attached; J, posterior end of cyprid with three prior naupliar moults still attached; K, L, exuvium of last-stage nauplius, ventral and lateral views. Abbreviations: a1, first antenna; a2, second antenna; ce, cypris eye; md, mandible; ne, nauplius eye; LSN, last-stage nauplius; thx, thorax. Squares with dotted outlines: dish numbers, sample numbers and museum numbers; some larvae died before preservation and are only referred to by their dish
Figure 13 in Integrative taxonomy of crustacean y-larvae (Thecostraca: Facetotecta) using laboratory-rearing and molecular analyses of single specimens, with the description of a new vermiform species
Figure 13. Hansenocaris demodex sp. nov., paratypes from Sesoko Island in SEM:, an early nauplius (LSN − 3?) (A–C) and a later nauplius (LSN − 2) with unmoulted later larval stages still inside. A, ventral view; B, lateral view; C, cephalic shield, frontal view; D, ventrolateral view; E, lateral view; F, cephalic shield, frontal view; G, cephalic shield, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a1, first antennae; a2, second antennae; dc sp, dorsocaudal spine; ex, exopod; fur sp, furcal spine; la, labrum; md, mandible. Small Arabic numerals, many annotated with l or r for left and right, respectively, refer to those surface structures that could be matched with those of the LSN (see Table 4). Green overlay, LSN; purple overlay, LSN − 1; red overlay, anterior field of facets. Squares with dotted outline: sample numbers, museum numbers and type status.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.