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OCO-3 Level 1A collated, parsed, science or calibration data, Retrospective Processing V11r (OCO3_L1aIn_Pixel) at GES DISC

Version 11r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11r. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-3 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.This product is the input to the Level 1B process. It is depacketized raw data formatted into a standard granularity with calibrated engineering data (for both science and calibration observations), in the Sample Mode of operation.This is the retrospective processing where the calibration data is estimated from the full timeseries of data (before, during, and after the measurements), and is expected to be of slightly higher quality.

OCO-2 Level 1A collated, parsed, science or calibration data V10 (OCO2_L1aIn_Sample) at GES DISC

Version 10 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 10. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.This product is the input to the Level 1B process. It is depacketized raw data formatted into a standard granularity with calibrated engineering data (for both science and calibration observations), in the Sample Mode of operation.

CALIPSO Wide Field Camera Level 1B 1 km Registered Science data, Validated Stage 1 V3-02

CAL_WFC_L1_IIR-ValStage1-V3-02 data are Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) Wide Field Camera Level 1B 1 km Registered Science data. Version 3.02 represents a transition of the Lidar, IIR, and WFC processing and browse code to a new cluster computing system. No algorithm changes were introduced and very minor changes were observed between V3.01 and V3.02 as a result of the compiler and computer architecture differences. The primary Wide Field Camera Level 1B data products are calibrated radiance and bidirectional reflectance registered to an Earth-based grid centered on the Lidar ground track. During the normal operation, the WFC acquires science data only during the daylight portions of the CALIPSO orbits. The Wide Field Camera Level 1B 1 IIR Registered Science grid provides WFC data on the identical grid as the CALIPSO IIR data and is produced to facilitate the use of the WFC data in the IIR retrievals. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) was launched on April 28, 2006 to study the impact of clouds and aerosols on the Earth's radiation budget and climate. It flies in the international A-Train constellation for coincident Earth observations. The CALIPSO satellite comprises three instruments, the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR), and the Wide Field Camera (WFC). CALIPSO is a joint satellite mission between NASA and the French Agency, CNES.

OCO-2 Level 1A collated, parsed, science or calibration data V11.2 (OCO2_L1aIn_Sample) at GES DISC

Version 11.2 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11.2. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.This product is the input to the Level 1B process. It is depacketized raw data formatted into a standard granularity with calibrated engineering data (for both science and calibration observations), in the Sample Mode of operation.

Mars Science Laboratory Ephemeris, Heliocentric Trajectories, Heliographic, Heliographic Inertial, and Solar Ecliptic Coordinates, HelioWeb, Daily Data

Heliocentric trajectories for Mars Science Laboratory in Heliographic, HG, Heliographic Inertial, HGI, and Solar Ecliptic, SE, Coordinates The original trajectory data are taken from http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi where users can find many more objects. In the case of orbit data for planets, the orbit data can be used as a proxy for spacecraft ephemeris that are in orbit about the planets. On a heliospheric scale, differences between the planet orbital tarjectory and that of the spacecraft are very small. For instance, the heliocentric longitudes differ by only 0.25° for a spacecraft stationed near the L1 Lagrange point at approximately 100 Earth radii upstream of the Earth. The production of the HG, HGI, and SE trajectory data requires a values for the "Equinox Epoch", which is defined as the epoch time when the direction from the Earth to the sun at the time of the vernal equinox when the sun seems to cross equatorial plane of the Earth from below. This direction is called the First Point of Aries, FPA and it is not a fixed direction but drifts by about 1.4° per century or 50.26" per year. In addition, there are tiny irregularities in FPA drift that are on the order of 1" per year or less. The Equinox Epoch can be determined by using a variety of methods for calculating the instantaneous FPA longitudinal direction and whether the tiny irregularities have been smoothed or averaged out. Four methods for determining the Equinox Epoch are in common usage: +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ Method Name FPA Longitude Definition --------------------------------------------------------------------- B1950.0 the actual FPA at 22:09 UT on December 31, 1949 J2000.0 the smoothed FPA at 12:00 UT on January 1, 2000 True of Date the actual FPA at 00:00 UT on the date of interest Mean of Date the smoothed FPA at 00:00 UT on the date of interest +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ The heliocentric trajectory data included in this data product have been calculated by using the Equinox Epoch: defined via the "Mean of Date" method. More precise coordinates, and some planet-centered coordinates, are found in the "traj" subdirectories of spacecraft specific directories at https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/ and http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi.

Enhancing Knowledge of the Arabian Sea Marine environment through Science and Advanced Training (EKAMSAT)

Enhancing Knowledge of the Arabian Sea Marine environment through Science and Advanced Training (EKAMSAT) is a collaborative Indo-US field campaign funded by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India and the Office of Naval Research, USA, focused on the acquisition of contemporary oceanographic and atmospheric datasets deemed critical for improving the predictive skills of operational monsoon models. The atmospheric and oceanographic datasets acquired will be used primarily to examine how oceanographic conditions such as recent SST increases, enhanced stratification, formation of boundary layers, a recurring warm water pool and other changes in the Arabian Sea are influencing the onset, intensity and length of the Indian monsoon. The campaign commenced with a pilot study in June 2023 in preparation for subsequent full-fledged field campaigns in May-June of 2024-2025. This and the following cruises target atmospheric and oceanographic measurements supplemented with limited bio-optical and biogeochemical observations to advance understanding of the influence of seasonally evolving mixed layer on biological productivity and biogeochemical cycling in northern Arabian Sea. Microtops data available at https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/new_web/cruises_v3/Roger_Revelle_23_0.html .

OCO-2 Level 1A collated, parsed, science or calibration data V11 (OCO2_L1aIn_Sample) at GES DISC

Version 11 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.This product is the input to the Level 1B process. It is depacketized raw data formatted into a standard granularity with calibrated engineering data (for both science and calibration observations), in the Sample Mode of operation.

OCO-2 Level 1B calibrated, geolocated science spectra V11.2 (OCO2_L1B_Science) at GES DISC

Version 11.2 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11.2. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.This product is the output from the Level 1B process. It converts the raw instrument data numbers into calibrated radiances. This conversion is based upon files of instrument characteristics and algorithm parameters that may vary over time. In addition to calibrated radiances, the Level 1B output products have geolocation information recorded for each measurement for use in higher-level processes.

Saharan Dust AERosols and Ocean Science Expeditions

AEROSE is an internationally recognized series of trans-Atlantic field campaigns conducted onboard the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown designed to explore African air mass outflows and their impacts on climate, weather, and environmental health.

SCICEX: Submarine Arctic Science Program, Version 1

The <a href="/scicex/">Submarine Arctic Science Program</a>, SCICEX, is a federal interagency collaboration among the operational Navy, research agencies, and the marine research community to use nuclear-powered submarines for scientific studies of the Arctic Ocean. Unlike surface ships, submarines have the unique ability to operate and take measurements regardless of sea ice cover, weather conditions, and time of year. This allows for a broad and comprehensive investigation of an entire ocean basin. The goal of the program is to acquire comprehensive data about Arctic sea ice, water properties (biological, chemical, and hydrographic), and water depth (bathymetry) to improve our understanding of the Arctic Ocean basin and its role in the Earth's climate system. SCICEX is important because it adds critical pieces to the overall information needed to analyze sea ice and ocean dynamics. Data collection began in 1993 and is on going.

National Science Foundation (NSF)-Blue Water Zone (BWZ) measurements

Measurements taken in the Blue Water Zone (BWZ) under NSF funding near Antarctica and Drakes Passage in 2004 to 2006.

Automated Event Service: Efficient and Flexible Searching for Earth Science Phenomena Project

Develop an Automated Event Service system that: Methodically mines custom-defined events in the reanalysis data sets of global atmospheric models. Enables researchers to specify their custom, numeric event criteria using a user-friendly web interface to search the reanalysis data sets. Supports Event Specification Language (ESL) for more flexibility and versatility. Contains a social component that enables the dynamic formation of collaboration groups for researchers to cooperate on event definitions of common interest. Provides rapid results via high performance computing and advanced search technologies. &nbsp;

PACE Radiometry and IOPs for Novel Great Lakes Science

The Laurentian Great Lakes provide extensive optical and trophic variability across diverse ecosystems, from environments challenged by current and legacy nutrient pollution and continuing water quality impairments, e.g., harmful algal blooms (HABs) and hypoxia, to relatively pristine aquatic systems with emerging water quality concerns such as Lake Superior. This project will conduct high density sampling of the Great Lakes in space and time to provide a diversity of reflectance spectra broadly representative of the fundamental inherent optical properties (IOPs) and biogeochemical conditions observed across inland and coastal systems globally. Station locations are responsive to in situ conditions and potential for PACE validation, but are generally located in Lake Eries western and central basins, southwestern Lake Michigan and Green Bay, and the central basin and the western arm of Lake Superior. Sampling uses coastal class vessels that enable rapid transit between stations and range in size from 25 to 70 ft. Data collected includes above water radiometry (SVC HR-512i), discrete spectral absorption (ap, aph, aNAP, aCDOM), hyperspectral backscattering (Sequoia hyper-bb), physical and optical biogeochemical variability (YSI EXO2 water quality sonde), and discrete biogeochemical parameters (HPLC pigments, DOC, POC, and SPM). Data will be collected in every month of the year over the course of a three-year period, ensuring seasonal matchups for PACE OCI science data products in the winter and shoulder seasons that remain chronically under observed.

OCO-2 Level 1A collated, parsed, science or calibration data, Retrospective Processing V11r (OCO2_L1aIn_Sample) at GES DISC

Version 11r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11r. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval.This product is the input to the Level 1B process. It is depacketized raw data formatted into a standard granularity with calibrated engineering data (for both science and calibration observations), in the Sample Mode of operation.This is the retrospective processing where the calibration data is estimated from the full timeseries of data (before, during, and after the measurements), and is expected to be of slightly higher quality.

Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) on TRMM Science Data V4

The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) Science Data was collected by the LIS instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite used to detect the distribution and variability of total lightning occurring in the Earth’s tropical and subtropical regions. This data can be used for severe storm detection and analysis, as well as for lightning-atmosphere interaction studies. The LIS instrument makes measurements during both day and night with high detection efficiency. These data are available in both HDF-4 and netCDF-4 formats, with corresponding browse images in GIF format.

OCO-3 Level 1B calibrated, geolocated science spectra, Forward Processing V10 (OCO3_L1B_Science) at GES DISC

Version 10 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 10. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory -3 (OCO-3) was deployed to the International Space Station in May, 2019. It is technically a single instrument, almost identical to OCO-2. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. OCO-3 incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Oxygen-A Band cloud screening algorithm is one of the primary cloud screening tools implemented in the operational OCO processing pipeline. The algorithm was introduced and applied to early GOSAT data with further analysis performed on OCO-2 simulations. The OCO ABO2 algorithm employs a fast Bayesian retrieval to estimate surface pressure and surface albedo from high resolution spectra of the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band, near 0.765 µm. The radiative transfer forward model (FM) assumes a clear-sky condition, i.e. Rayleigh scattering only, such that differences between the modeled and measured radiances are apparent when the measurement scene contains cloud or aerosol.