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1,715 results for “Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis”
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (BR0000010429051)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (BR0000010429167)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
genomecomb reference data for Arabidopsis thaliana (tair10) version 0.108.0
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Data from: The genetic architecture of constitutive and induced trichome density in two new RIL populations of Arabidopsis thaliana: phenotypic plasticity, epistasis, and bidirectional leaf damage response
Background: Herbivory imposes an important selective pressure on plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana leaf trichomes provide a key defense against insect herbivory; however, trichome production incurs a fitness cost in the absence of herbivory. Previous work on A. thaliana has shown an increase in trichome density in response to leaf damage, suggesting a mechanism by which the cost associated with constitutively high trichome density might be mitigated; however, the genetic basis of trichome density induction has not been studied. Results: Here, we describe the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for constitutive and damage induced trichome density in two new recombinant inbred line populations of A. thaliana; mapping for constitutive and induced trichome density also allowed for the investigation of damage response (plasticity) QTL. Both novel and previously identified QTL for constitutive trichome density and the first QTL for induced trichome density and response are identified. Interestingly, two of the four parental accessions and multiple RILs in each population exhibited lower trichome density following leaf damage, a response not previously described in A. thaliana. Importantly, a single QTL was mapped for the response phenotype and allelic variation at this locus appears to determine response trajectory in RILs. The data also show that epistatic interactions are a significant component of the genetic architecture of trichome density. Conclusions: Together, our results provide further insights into the genetic architecture of constitutive trichome density and new insights into induced trichome density in A. thaliana specifically and to our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of natural variation generally.
Data from: Natural variation in GL1 and its effects on trichome density in Arabidopsis thaliana
The ultimate understanding of how biological diversity arises, is maintained, and lost depends on identifying the genes responsible. Although a good deal has been discovered about gene function over the past few decades, far less is understood about gene effects; i.e., how natural variation in a gene contributes to natural variation in phenotypes. Trichome density in Arabidopsis thaliana is an ideal trait for studies of natural molecular and phenotypic variation, as trichome initiation is genetically well-characterised and trichome density is highly variable in and among natural populations. Here, we show that variation at GLABRA1 (GL1), an R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene, which has a role in trichome initiation, has qualitative and likely quantitative effects on trichome density in natural accessions of A. thaliana. Specifically, we characterize four independent loss-of-function alleles for GL1, each of which yields a glabrous phenotype. Further, we find that a pattern of common polymorphisms confined to the GL1 locus is associated with quantitative variation for trichome density. While mutations resulting in a glabrous phenotype are primarily coding changes, the pattern resulting in quantitative variation spans both coding and regulatory regions. These data show that GL1 is an important source of trichome density variation within A. thaliana and, along with recent reports, suggest that the TTG1 epidermal cell fate pathway generally may be the key molecular genetic source of natural trichome density variation and an important model for the study of molecular evolution.
Data from: Fluctuating, warm temperatures decrease the effect of a key floral repressor on flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana
The genetic basis of growth and development is often studied in constant laboratory environments; however, the environmental conditions that organisms experience in nature are often much more dynamic. We examined how daily temperature fluctuations, average temperature, day length and vernalization influence the flowering time of 59 genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana with allelic perturbations known to affect flowering time. For a subset of genotypes, we also assessed treatment effects on morphology and growth. We identified 17 genotypes, many of which have high levels of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), that bolted dramatically earlier in fluctuating - as opposed to constant - warm temperatures (mean = 22°C). This acceleration was not caused by transient VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-mediated vernalization, differential growth rates or exposure to high temperatures, and was not apparent when the average temperature was cool (mean = 12°C). Further, in constant temperatures, contrary to physiological expectations, these genotypes flowered more rapidly in cool than in warm environments. Fluctuating temperatures often reversed these responses, restoring faster bolting in warm conditions. Independently of bolting time, warm fluctuating temperature profiles also caused morphological changes associated with shade avoidance or 'high-temperature' phenotypes. Our results suggest that previous studies have overestimated the effect of the floral repressor FLC on flowering time by using constant temperature laboratory conditions.
Data from: Paths to selection on life history loci in different natural environments across the native range of Arabidopsis thaliana
Selection on quantitative trait loci (QTL) may vary among natural environments due to differences in the genetic architecture of traits, environment-specific allelic effects or changes in the direction and magnitude of selection on specific traits. To dissect the environmental differences in selection on life history QTL across climatic regions, we grew a panel of interconnected recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Arabidopsis thaliana in four field sites across its native European range. For each environment, we mapped QTL for growth, reproductive timing and development. Several QTL were pleiotropic across environments, three colocalizing with known functional polymorphisms in flowering time genes (CRY2, FRI and MAF2-5), but major QTL differed across field sites, showing conditional neutrality. We used structural equation models to trace selection paths from QTL to lifetime fitness in each environment. Only three QTL directly affected fruit number, measuring fitness. Most QTL had an indirect effect on fitness through their effect on bolting time or leaf length. Influence of life history traits on fitness differed dramatically across sites, resulting in different patterns of selection on reproductive timing and underlying QTL. In two oceanic field sites with high prereproductive mortality, QTL alleles contributing to early reproduction resulted in greater fruit production, conferring selective advantage, whereas alleles contributing to later reproduction resulted in larger size and higher fitness in a continental site. This demonstrates how environmental variation leads to change in both QTL effect sizes and direction of selection on traits, justifying the persistence of allelic polymorphism at life history QTL across the species range.
Strong stabilizing selection on timing of germination in a Mediterranean population of Arabidopsis thaliana
<p>Premise</p> <p>Timing of germination can strongly influence plant fitness by affecting seedling survival and by having cascading effects on later life-history traits. In seasonal environments, the period favorable for seedling establishment and growth is limited, and timing of germination is likely to be under stabilizing selection because of conflicting selection through survival and fecundity. Moreover, optimal germination time may vary among genotypes because of inherent differences in later life-history traits.</p> <p> </p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To examine how germination time affects survival, fecundity and the relative fitness of two genotypes differing in time to first flower, we conducted a field experiment in an Italian population of the winter annual <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, in which seedling establishment occurs mainly in November. We transplanted seedlings of the local genotype and of a Swedish genotype monthly from August to December and monitored survival and fecundity.</p> <p> </p> <p>Key Results</p> <p>Only seedlings transplanted in November and December survived until reproduction, and fitness of the November cohort was 35 times higher than that of the December cohort, indicating strong stabilizing selection. There was no evidence of conflicting selection: seedling survival, adult survival and fecundity were all highest in the November cohort. Moreover, the relative fitness of the two genotypes did not differ significantly between cohorts.</p> <p> </p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The very narrow window of opportunity for seedling establishment was related to rapid seasonal changes in soil moisture and temperature, suggesting that rate of seasonal change is an important aspect to consider for understanding spatio-temporal variation in selection on phenological traits. </p>
High resolution imaging as a tool for identifying quantitative trait loci that regulate photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
<p>A primary component of seedling establishment is the photomorphogenic response as seedlings emerge from the soil. This process is characterized by a reduced growth rate in the hypocotyl, increased root growth, opening of the apical hook, and expansion of the cotyledons as photosynthetic organs. While fundamental to plant success, the photomorphogenic response can be highly variable. Additionally, studies of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> are made difficult by subtle differences in growth rate between individuals. High-resolution imaging and computational processing have emerged as useful tools for quantification of such phenotypes. This study sought to: 1) develop an imaging methodology which could capture changes in growth rate as seedlings transition from darkness to blue light in real time, and 2) apply this methodology to single-QTL analysis using the Cvi x L<i>er</i> RIL mapping population. Significant differences in the photomorphogenic response were observed between the parent lines and analysis of 158 RILs revealed a wide range of growth rate phenotypes. QTL analysis detected significant loci associated with dark growth rate on chromosome 5 and significant loci associated with light growth rate on chromosome 2. Candidate genes associated with these loci, such as the previously characterized <i>ER</i> locus, highlight the application of this approach for QTL analysis. Genetic analysis of Landsberg lines without the <i>erecta </i>mutation also supports a role for ER in modulating the photomorphogenic response, consistent with previous QTL analyses of this population. Strengths and limitations of this methodology are presented, as well as means of improvement.</p>
Fig. 3. X in Labdane diterpenoids from the heartwood of Leucosceptrum canum that impact on root growth and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana
Fig. 3. X-ray crystallographic structure of 1.
Fig. 2. Key 1H–1H in Labdane diterpenoids from the heartwood of Leucosceptrum canum that impact on root growth and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana
Fig. 2. Key 1H–1H COSY, HMBC and ROESY correlations of leucolactones A-K (1–11).
Fig. 1 in Labdane diterpenoids from the heartwood of Leucosceptrum canum that impact on root growth and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana
Fig. 1. Chemical structures of leucolactones A-K (1–11).
Fig. 4 in Labdane diterpenoids from the heartwood of Leucosceptrum canum that impact on root growth and seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana
Fig. 4. Plausible biosynthetic pathway of leucolactones.
Fig. 2 in 21-Hydroxypregnane 21-O-malonylation, a crucial step in cardenolide biosynthesis, can be achieved by substrate-promiscuous BAHD-type phenolic glucoside malonyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana and homolog proteins from Digitalis lanata
Fig. 2. Pregnanes tested as potential substrates for BAHD-type malonyltransferases.
Fig. 3 in The toc132toc120 heterozygote mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana accumulates decreased levels of the major chloroplast lipids
Fig. 3. (continued).
Fig. 3 in The toc132toc120 heterozygote mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana accumulates decreased levels of the major chloroplast lipids
Fig. 3. (continued).
Fig. 3 in The toc132toc120 heterozygote mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana accumulates decreased levels of the major chloroplast lipids
Fig. 3. (continued).
miR472 deficiency enhances Arabidopsis thaliana defense without reducing seed production.
<p>Raw data from Vasseur et al 2024</p>
Data from: Investigation of the geographic scale of adaptive phenological variation and its underlying genetics in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Data from: DOG1 expression is predicted by the seed-maturation environment and contributes to geographic variation in germination in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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