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2,293 results for “Atlantic forests”
Data from: A new species of Allophryne (Anura: Allophrynidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest biome of eastern Brazil
A new species of the genus Allophryne is described and, in contrast to its congeners that occur in the Amazon Basin, is based on specimens obtained in Uruçuca, State of Bahia, in the Atlantic Rain Forest of eastern Brazil. Allophryne relicta sp. nov. is characterized by a medium body size for the genus (snout–vent length range 19.9–21.9 mm in males); large head (head width about 35% of SVL); large, red-orange eyes, with a large black transversal stripe on iris; dorsum covered by few tubercles and many scattered black dots; dorsolateral surfaces cream with dark brown, elongate, anastomosed spots, and venter clear gray with scattered small white tubercles; presence of a line of tubercles on the ventrolateral surface of forearm; advertisement call formed by a multi-pulsed note of 0.509 ± 0.029 s in duration and emitted at intervals of 1.287 ± 0.500 s, with notes composed of 28.58 ± 1.84 pulses at a dominant frequency of 3828 ± 82.28 Hz; call-note emission rate of 34.46 notes/min and pulse emission rate of 56.13 ± 1.25 s. The molecular phylogeny supports the placement of A. relicta sp. nov. as sister taxon of a clade formed by A. resplendens + A. ruthveni.
Data from: Long-term endemism of two highly divergent lineages of the amphibian-killing fungus in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
The recent global spread of the amphibian-killing fungus [Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)] has been closely tied to anthropogenic activities; however, regional patterns of spread are not completely understood. Using historical samples, we can test whether Bd was a spreading or endemic pathogen in a region within a particular time frame, because those two disease states provide different predictions for the regional demographic dynamics and population genetics of Bd. Testing historical patterns of pathogen prevalence and population genetics under these predictions is key to understanding the evolution and origin of Bd. Focusing on the Atlantic Forest (AF) of Brazil, we used qPCR assays to determine the presence or absence of Bd on 2799 preserved postmetamorphic anurans collected between 1894 and 2010 and used semi-nested PCRs to determine the frequency of rRNA ITS1 haplotypes from 52 samples. Our earliest date of detection was 1894. A mean prevalence of 23.9% over time and spatiotemporal patterns of Bd clusters indicate that Bd has been enzootic in the Brazilian AF with no evidence of regional spread within the last 116 years. ITS1 haplotypes confirm the long-term presence of two divergent strains of Bd (BdGPL and Bd-Brazil) and three spatiotemporally broad genetic demes within BdGPL, indicating that Bd was not introduced into southeast Brazil by the bullfrog trade. Our data show that the evolutionary history and pathogen dynamics of Bd in Brazil is better explained by the endemic pathogen hypothesis.
Data from: Time-lag in responses of birds to Atlantic Forest fragmentation: restoration opportunity and urgency
There are few opportunities to evaluate the relative importance of landscape structure and dynamics upon biodiversity, especially in highly fragmented tropical landscapes. Conservation strategies and species risk evaluations often rely exclusively on current aspects of landscape structure, although such limited assumptions are known to be misleading when time-lag responses occur. By relating bird functional-group richness to forest patch size and isolation in ten-year intervals (1956, 1965, 1978, 1984, 1993 and 2003), we revealed that birds with different sensitivity to fragmentation display contrasting responses to landscape dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. For non-sensitive groups, there was no time-lag in response: the recent degree of isolation best explains their variation in richness, which likely relates to these species' flexibility to adapt to changes in landscape structure. However, for sensitive bird groups, the 1978 patch area was the best explanatory variable, providing evidence for a 25-year time-lag in response to habitat reduction. Time-lag was more likely in landscapes that encompass large patches, which can support temporarily the presence of some sensitive species, even when habitat cover is relatively low. These landscapes potentially support the most threatened populations and should be priorities for restoration efforts to avoid further species loss. Although time-lags provide an opportunity to counteract the negative consequences of fragmentation, it also reinforces the urgency of restoration actions. Fragmented landscapes will be depleted of biodiversity if landscape structure is only maintained, and not improved. The urgency of restoration action may be even higher in landscapes where habitat loss and fragmentation history is older and where no large fragment remained to act temporarily as a refuge.
Data from: Cryptic genetic diversity is paramount in small-bodied amphibians of the genus Euparkerella (Anura: Craugastoridae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Morphological similarity associated to restricted distributions and low dispersal abilities make the direct developing "Terrarana" frogs of the genus Euparkerella a good model for examining diversification processes. We here infer phylogenetic relationships within the genus Euparkerella, using DNA sequence data from one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes coupled with traditional Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction approaches and more recent coalescent methods of species tree inference. We also used Bayesian clustering analysis and a recent Bayesian coalescent-based approach specifically to infer species delimitation. The analysis of 39 individuals from the four known Euparkerella species uncovered high levels of genetic diversity, especially within the two previously morphologically-defined E. cochranae and E. brasiliensis. Within these species, the gene trees at five independent loci and trees from combined data (concatenated dataset and the species tree) uncovered six deeply diverged and geographically coherent evolutionary units, which may have diverged between the Miocene and the Pleistocene. These six units were also uncovered in the Bayesian clustering analysis, and supported by the Bayesian coalescent-based species delimitation (BPP), and Genealogical Sorting Index (GSI), providing thus strong evidence for underestimation of the current levels of diversity within Euparkerella. The cryptic diversity now uncovered opens new opportunities to examine the origins and maintenance of microendemism in the context of spatial heterogeneity and/or human induced fragmentation of the highly threatened Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of hooddisplaying Thamnodynastes (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Atlantic forest in southeast Brazil
FIGURE 3. Head in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of Thamnodynastes longicaudus (holotype). Scale equals 1 cm.
FIGURES 38–51. 38–42 in Fourteen new species of Pseudisobrachium (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Atlantic rain forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil
FIGURES 38–51. 38–42, Pseudisobrachium amplum sp. nov. 38, head, dorsal view; 39, mandible, frontal view; 40, genitalia, ventral view; 41, ventral arm of paramere, lateral view; 42, dorsal arm of paramere; 43–47, Pseudisobrachium intentum sp. nov. 43, head, dorsal view; 44, mandible, frontal view; 45, genitalia, ventral view; 46, dorsal arm of paramere, lateral view; 47, ventral arm of paramere; 48–51, Pseudisobrachium latum sp. nov. 48, head, dorsal view; 49, mandible, frontal view; 50, genitalia, ventral view; 51, paramere, lateral view. (Scale bars = 250 μm for head and mandible, = 130 μm for genitalia).
FIGURES 25–37. 25–28 in Fourteen new species of Pseudisobrachium (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Atlantic rain forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil
FIGURES 25–37. 25–28, Pseudisobrachium formosum sp. nov. 25, head, dorsal view; 26, mandible, frontal view; 27, genitalia, ventral view; 28, paramere, lateral view; 29–32, Pseudisobrachium cuspidatum sp. nov. 29, head, dorsal view; 30, mandible, frontal view; 31, genitalia, ventral view; 32, dorsal arm of paramere, lateral view; 33–37, Pseudisobrachium rotundum sp. nov. 33, head, dorsal view; 34, mandible, frontal view; 35, genitalia, ventral view; 36, ventral arm of paramere, lateral view; 37, dorsal arm of paramere, lateral view. (Scale bars = 250 μm for head and mandible, = 130 μm for genitalia).
FIGURES 12–24. 12–14 in Fourteen new species of Pseudisobrachium (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Atlantic rain forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil
FIGURES 12–24. 12–14, Pseudisobrachium apenesoides sp. nov. 12, head, dorsal view; 13, mandible, frontal view; 14, genitalia, ventral view; 15–19, Pseudisobrachium acuminatum sp. nov. 15, head, dorsal view; 16, mandible, frontal view; 17, genitalia, ventral view; 18, dorsal arm of paramere, lateral view; 19, ventral arm of paramere, lateral view; 20–24, Pseudisobrachium filum sp. nov. 20, head, dorsal view; 21, mandible, frontal view; 22, genitalia, ventral view; 23, ventral arm of paramere, lateral view; 24, dorsal arm of paramere, lateral view. (Scale bars = 250 μm for head and mandible, = 130 μm for genitalia).
FIGURES 1–11. 1–5 in Fourteen new species of Pseudisobrachium (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Atlantic rain forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil
FIGURES 1–11. 1–5, Pseudisobrachium ventriosum sp. nov. 1, head, dorsal view; 2, mandible, frontal view; 3, genitalia, ventral view; 4, aedeagus, lateral view; 5, paramere, lateral view; 6–11, Pseudisobrachium triacutum sp. nov. 6, head, dorsal view; 7, mandible, frontal view; 8, genitalia, ventral view; 9, aedeagus, lateral view; 10, ventral arm of paramere, lateral view; 11, dorsal arm of paramere, lateral view. (Scale bars = 250 μm for head and mandible, = 130 μm for genitalia).
FIGURES 52–64. 52–57 in Fourteen new species of Pseudisobrachium (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Atlantic rain forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil
FIGURES 52–64. 52–57, Pseudisobrachium opimum sp. nov. 52, head, dorsal view; 53, mandible, frontal view; 54, genitalia, ventral view; 55, paramere, lateral view; 56, dorsal arm of paramere, lateral view; 57, ventral arm of paramere, lateral view; 58–60, Pseudisobrachium capixabum sp. nov. 58, head, dorsal view; 59, mandible, frontal view; 60, genitalia, ventral view; 61–64, Pseudisobrachium magnum sp. nov. 61, head, dorsal view; 62, mandible, frontal view; 63, genitalia, ventral view; 64, paramere, lateral view. (Scale bars = 250 μm for head and mandible, = 130 μm for genitalia).
FIGURE 13 in A new stingless bee species of the genus Scaura (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest, with notes on S. latitarsis (Friese)
FIGURE 13. Map of South America showing the known locality records for Scaura latitarsis (solid triangles) and S. atlantica, sp. nov. (solid circles), in Brazil.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Physalaemus (Amphibia; Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 4. Tadpole of Physalaemus atlanticus, stage 37, from the type locality. (A) Dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views; (D) oral disc.
FIGURE 2. Physalaemus atlanticus CFBH 3221 in A new species of Physalaemus (Amphibia; Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Physalaemus atlanticus CFBH 3221 (holotype). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of (C) hand and (D) foot.
FIGURE 3 in Izecksohniella puri sp. n., a new Brazilian cricket species (Ortho ptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from Atlantic Forest remnants
FIGURE 3. Izecksohniella puri sp. n. A. adult antenna; B. femur III, external view; C. male subgenital plate; D. female subgenital plate; E. supraanal plate, F. spermatheca; G. male genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bar: 2mm (A, G), 10mm (B).
FIGURE 4 in Description of a new species of Lutosa Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with biological and behavioral information
FIGURE 4. Lutosa horribilis sp. nov. alive specimens. A) male in dorsolateral view; B) female in lateral view.
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new species of Lutosa Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with biological and behavioral information
FIGURE 5. Lutosa horribilis sp. nov. live specimens. A) male nymph foraging on a leaf; B) male adult eating a dead stick insect.
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of Lutosa Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with biological and behavioral information
FIGURE 3. Lutosa horribilis sp. nov. paratype ♀. A) habitus in dorsal view; B) same in lateral view; C) apex of abdomen in posterodorsal view; D) same in ventral view; E) same in lateral view.
FIGURE 2 in Description of a new species of Lutosa Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with biological and behavioral information
FIGURE 2. Genitalia of Lutosa horribilis sp. nov. Ƌ. A) dorsal view; B) ventral view; C) lateral view. Abbreviations: LS = lateral sclerite of titillator, ti = titillator process, TS = titillator's sclerite.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of Metavononoides from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cosmetidae)
FIGURE 8. Part of southeastern Brazil, including Rio de Janeiro State (RJ) and Minas Gerais State (MG), showing distribution of M. melanacanthus sp. nov. (large squares), M. bellus (small triangles) and M. barbacenensis (small circle). Thin dotted lines are water bodies.
FIGURES 6–7 in A new species of Metavononoides from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cosmetidae)
FIGURES 6–7. Metavononoides melanacanthus sp. nov. Male holotype (MNRJ 6853) from Barra de São João. Distal part of penis (6 ventral view, 7 lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.