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1,663 results for “BIAS”
Figure 3 in Life history bias in endophyte infection of the Antarctic rhodophyte, Iridaea cordata
Figure 3 Endophyte coverage in different life history stages of Iridaea cordata. Different letters indicate significance at p=0.05 (one-way ANOVA).
A left-to-right bias in number-space mapping across ages and cultures
<p>Datasets and scripts related to the paper 'A universal left-to-right bias in number-space mapping across ages and cultures' </p> <p>Below is a description of the elements contained in each folder.</p> <p><strong>Code<br></strong>This folder contains all the scripts used to perform the analyses reported in the paper. It also includes the script used to run the numerosity comparison experiment (please notice it does not run as a stand-alone file, it is just for example purposes)</p> <p><strong>Data:<br></strong>This folder includes all the necessary to replicate the analyses cited in the manuscript. Both aggregated and individual raw files are available. Specifically within this folder, you'll find:</p> <ul> <li>subfolder with individual raw data for the numerosity comparison task for each population</li> <li>CSV file with aggregate percentage of card configuration shape (used for chi-square analysis for experiment 1)</li> <li>CSV file with the individual cards correlation score (used for testing distribution against chance level for experiment 1)</li> <li>CSV file with individual Inverse Efficiency Scores for all participants (used for Mixed Model Analysis)</li> <li>CSV file with the Congruency Effect already computed for each participant (used in the ANOVA analysis for experiment 2)</li> <li>CSV file with the combined datasets (used to test the correlation between experiment 1 and experiment 2 measures)</li> <li>CSV files with participants' anonymized information (.e.g. age, gender, literacy level)</li> </ul> <p><strong>JASP<br></strong>This folder contains all the output files from the JASP software used to compute Bayesian analysis supporting the null results.</p>
Feeding-state dependent neuropeptidergic modulation of reciprocally interconnected inhibitory neurons biases sensorimotor decisions in Drosophila
<p>Raw and source data related to the study "Feeding-state dependent neuropeptidergic modulation of reciprocally interconnected inhibitory neurons biases sensorimotor decisions in Drosophila"</p> <p>Please not that protein-deprived (pd) and sucrose annotation are used interchangeabley in the dataset</p> <p> </p>
Causes for biases in cloud diurnal variation in global climate model
<p>data of "Causes for biases in cloud diurnal variation in global climate model" draft</p>
Testosterone amplifies the negative valence of an agonistic gestural display by exploiting receiver perceptual bias
<p>Many animals communicate by performing elaborate displays that are incredibly extravagant and wildly bizarre. So, how do these displays evolve? One idea is that innate sensory biases arbitrarily favor the emergence of certain display traits over others, leading to the design of an unusual display. Here, we study how physiological factors associated with signal production influence this process, a topic that has received almost no attention. We focus on a tropical frog, whose males compete for access to females by performing an elaborate waving display. Our results show that sex hormones like testosterone regulate specific display gestures that exploit a highly conserved perceptual system, evolved originally to detect "dangerous" stimuli in the environment. Accordingly, testosterone makes certain gestures likely appear more perilous to rivals during combat. This suggests that hormone action can interact with effects of sensory bias to create an evolutionary optimum that guides how display exaggeration unfolds.</p>
Data from: Selection bias in mutation accumulation
<p>Mutation accumulation (MA) experiments, in which de novo mutations are sampled and subsequently characterized, are an essential tool in understanding the processes underlying evolution. In microbial populations, MA protocols typically involve a period of population growth between severe bottlenecks, such that a single individual can form a visible colony. While it has long been appreciated that the action of positive selection during this growth phase cannot be eliminated, it is typically assumed to be negligible. Here, we quantify the effect of both positive and negative selection in MA studies, demonstrating that selective effects can substantially bias the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) and mutation rates estimated from typical MA protocols in microbes. We then present a simple correction for this bias which applies to both beneficial and deleterious mutations, and can be used to correct the observed DFE in multiple environments. We use simulated MA experiments to illustrate the extent to which the MA-inferred DFE differs from the underlying true DFE, and demonstrate that the proposed correction accurately reconstructs the true DFE over a wide range of scenarios; we also provide an example of these corrections applied to experimental data. These results highlight that positive selection during microbial MA experiments is in fact not negligible, but can be corrected to gain a more accurate understanding of fundamental evolutionary parameters.</p>
Full data for 'Experimental phase diagram of zero-bias conductance peaks in superconductor/semiconductor nanowire devices'
<p>This repository contains experimental data for the following paper:<br> Experimental phase diagram of zero-bias conductance peaks in superconductor/semiconductor nanowire devices<br> Authors: Jun Chen, Peng Yu, John Stenger, Moïra Hocevar, Diana Car, Sébastien R. Plissard, Erik P.A.M. Bakkers, Tudor D. Stanescu, Sergey M. Frolov</p> <p>Content of this repository: </p> <p>Readme file. </p> <p>/RawData/<br> Original data obtained at the time of measurement for devices 1014-841 and 1115A4. ZBP phase diagram data was measured on device 1014-841; Hard gap data was measured on device 1115A4</p> <p>/Measurement notes/<br> All the measurement data was summarized in powerpoints, catagorized by the name of the device.</p> <p>/Data of paper figures/<br> All the organized data files for the figures in the main text and supplementary information.</p> <p>Data file types:<br> data_NNN.dat - the original data file obtained at the time of the experiment<br> dataNNN.py - the original QTLab data acquisition script saved with data<br> data_NNN.set - settings of measurement instruments at the time of measurement<br> data_NNN.meta - auxillary file necessary for plotting data using SpyView (see below) <br> data_NNN.MTX - a simple 2D/3D matrix format developed for Spyview</p> <p>NNN stands for dataset number, automatically indexed by QTLab</p> <p>How to plot data:</p> <p>1) Spyview - a free data plotting program written by Gary Steele</p> <p>Data in this repository can be simply dropped into Spyview for plotting. </p> <p>Spyview also produces and can read .mtx files which are available for some of the data in this repository.</p> <p>https://nsweb.tn.tudelft.nl/~gsteele/spyview/</p> <p><br> 2) QTPlot - a Python plotter written by Ruben van Gulik</p> <p>Data in this repository can be directly opened with QTPlot, which will read axis labels.</p> <p>https://github.com/Rubenknex/qtplot</p> <p>Note: requires PyQT4</p>
Data to accompany 'New evidence suggests no sex bias in herbivory or plant defence'
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Dioecious plants can exhibit sexual dimorphism across a suite of plant traits, including susceptibility to herbivory and secondary chemistry. One hypothesis is that, due to greater costs of reproduction in females, males should grow faster and invest less in defense, resulting in male-biased herbivory. Indeed, a series of papers and a prominent meta-analysis have established male-biased herbivory as a robust result. However, more recent reviews have raised questions about how general the pattern is, citing the low breadth of taxon sampling. The literature on this topic has not been formally quantified by meta-analysis in over 15 years. Here we report the results of a meta-analysis of studies that measured sex bias in either herbivory and/or secondary defense in 71 dioecious plant species. We added 58 observations of herbivory and 41 of secondary chemistry to the original. We control for non-independence of effects from the same study and taxonomic group to address critiques of earlier studies. For secondary chemistry, we found no support for any consistent difference between male and female plants. For herbivory, results are directionally similar to earlier reports, although not statistically significant once we accounted for taxonomic group and study. We also found that the magnitude and direction of the effect of plant sex on herbivory declines, with earlier studies reporting a stronger male-bias. We discuss our results in light of the 'decline effect' and consider whether the datasets exhibit signs of evidence of the type(s) of biases that can result in declining effect sizes over time.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Visual Gender Biases in Wikipedia: A Systematic Evaluation across the Ten MostSpoken Languages
<p>We collect a large dataset of Wikipedia biographies and their images, and make it publicly available for research use.</p> <p>Reference: Visual Gender Biases in Wikipedia: A Systematic Evaluation across the Ten Most Spoken Languages, AAAI ICWSM 2022.</p>
Breeding site fidelity is lower in polygamous shorebirds and male-biased in monogamous species
<p>Sex-bias in breeding dispersal is considered the norm in many taxa, and the magnitude and direction of such sex-bias is expected to correlate with the social mating system. We used local return rates in shorebirds as an index of breeding site fidelity, and hence as an estimate of the propensity for breeding dispersal, and tested whether variation in site fidelity and in sex-bias in site fidelity relates to the mating system. Among 111 populations of 49 species, annual return rates to a breeding site varied between 0–100%. After controlling for body size (linked to survival) and other confounding factors, monogamous species showed higher breeding site fidelity compared to polyandrous and polygynous species. Overall, there was a strong male bias in return rates, but the sex-bias in return rate was independent of the mating system and did not covary with the extent of sexual size dimorphism. Our results bolster earlier findings that the sex-biased dispersal is weakly linked to the mating system in birds. Instead, our results show that return rates are strongly correlated with the mating system in shorebirds regardless of sex. This suggests that breeding site fidelity may be linked to mate fidelity, which is only important in the monogamous, biparentally incubating species, or that the same drivers influence both the mating system and site fidelity. The strong connection between site fidelity and the mating system suggests that variation in site fidelity may have played a role in the coevolution of the mating system, parental care, and migration strategies.</p>
Single bias image from test of CCD
<p>A single bias frame from a themo-electrically cooled CCD camera. Taken as part of a sequence of test images after initially receiving the camer.</p>
Suppressing Andreev bound state zero bias peaks using a strongly dissipative lead
<p>This repository contains the raw data and processing Python scripts corresponding to the paper "Suppressing Andreev bound state zero bias peaks using a strongly dissipative lead"</p>
Data for "Genomic Heritability: A Ragged Diagonal Between Bias"
<p>This is the data repository for the initial submission of "Genomic Heritability: A Ragged Diagonal Between Bias" by MJ Feldmann and HP Piepho and will be updated with new versions as needed based on review/revision. The DOI for the main submission is referenced in text. However, the newest version should be considered the most up-to-date.</p> <p>This repository contains the <strong>raw data</strong>:</p> <p>pig_dat.Rdata : publically available [<a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1534%2Fg3.111.001453">10.1534/g3.111.001453</a>]</p> <p>apple_dat.Rdata : publically available [<a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1534%2Fg3.115.021105">10.1534/g3.115.021105</a>]</p> <p>wheat_dat.Rdata : publically available [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2013.16">10.1038/hdy.2013.16</a>]</p> <p>arabidopsis_dat.Rdata : publically available [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08800">10.1038/nature08800</a>]</p> <p>mice_dat.Rdata : publically available [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1840">10.1038/ng1840</a>]</p> <p><strong>cross validation results:</strong></p> <p>Case_PA_apple.Rdata</p> <p>Case_PA_arabidopsis.Rdata</p> <p>Case_PA_pig.Rdata</p> <p>Case_PA_mouse.Rdata</p> <p>Case_PA_wheat.Rdata</p> <p><strong>simulation code including examples for figures:</strong></p> <p>SimulationCode.R</p> <p><strong>and simulation results:</strong></p> <p>Simulations.Rdata</p>
NICAM AMIP-type simulation data for the article "Deceleration of Madden–Julian Oscillation Speed in NICAM AMIP-type Simulation Associated with Biases in the Walker Circulation Strength"
<p>This data set includes data from 30-year integration on nonhydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM) following an atmospheric model intercomparison project (AMIP) protocol with a slab ocean model from 1 June 1978 to 6 January 2009 (c.f. Kodama et al. 2015), and their GrADs description ctl files. All outputs are daily averages on 2.5 x 2.5 degrees resolution. Output variables are outgoing longwave radiation (W m<sup>-2</sup>), skin temperature (K), sea surface temperature (K), and zonal wind (m s<sup>-1</sup>) on pressure levels.</p>
Observation of plateau regions for zero bias peaks within 5% of the quantized conductance value 2e2/h
<p>This repository contains the raw data and processing Python scripts corresponding to the paper "Observation of plateau regions for zero bias peaks within 5% of the quantized conductance value 2e2/h"</p>
Dataset for paper: How Twitter Data Sampling Biases U.S. Voter Behavior Characterizations
<p>This repository contains the data and code for the paper "How Twitter Data Sampling Biases U.S. Voter Behavior Characterizations."</p>
Causes and factors of cryogenic extraction biases on isotopes of xylem water
<p>Rehydration experiment on plant materials</p>
EBF1 primes B-lymphoid enhancers and limits the myeloid bias in murine multipotent progenitors
<p>Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and multipotent progenitors (MPP) generate all cells of the blood system. Despite their multipotency, MPPs display poorly understood lineage bias. Here, we examine whether lineage-specifying transcription factors, such as the B-lineage determinant EBF1, regulate lineage preference in early progenitors. We detect low level EBF1 expression in myeloid-biased MPP3 and lymphoid-biased MPP4 cells, coinciding with expression of the myeloid determinant C/EBPα. Hematopoietic deletion of <em>Ebf1</em> results in enhanced myelopoiesis and reduced HSC repopulation capacity. <em>Ebf1</em>-deficient MPP3 and MPP4 cells exhibit augmented myeloid differentiation potential and a myeloid-enriched transcriptome that is inversely correlated with <em>Cebpa</em>-deficient progenitors. Correspondingly, EBF1 binds the <em>Cebpa</em> enhancer and <em>Ebf1</em>-deficient MPP3 and MPP4 cells upregulate <em>Cebpa </em>expression. In addition, EBF1 primes the chromatin of B-lymphoid enhancers specifically in MPP3 cells. Thus, our study implicates EBF1 in regulating myeloid/lymphoid fate bias in MPPs by constraining C/EBPα -driven myelopoiesis and priming the B-lymphoid fate.</p>
Video Data: Optic flow in the natural habitats of zebrafish supports spatial biases in visual self-motion estimation
<p>Video dataset accompanying "Spatial Biases in Optic-Flow Sampling for Self-Motion Estimation in Natural Environments." See accompanying <a href="https://github.com/eacooper/AlexanderOpticFlow">Github repository</a> for more documentation and analysis code.</p>
An evolutionary explanation of female-biased sexual size dimorphism in North Sea plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L.
<p>Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is caused by differences in selection pressures and life-history trade-offs faced by males and females. Proximate causes of SSD may involve sex-specific mortality, energy acquisition, and energy expenditure for maintenance, reproductive tissues, and reproductive behavior. Using a quantitative, individual-based, eco-genetic model parameterized for North Sea plaice, we explore the importance of these mechanisms for female-biased SSD, under which males are smaller and reach sexual maturity earlier than females (common among fish, but also arising in arthropods and mammals). We consider two mechanisms potentially serving as ultimate causes: (a) Male investments in male reproductive behavior might evolve to detract energy resources that would otherwise be available for somatic growth, and (b) diminishing returns on male reproductive investments might evolve to reduce energy acquisition. In general, both of these can bring about smaller male body sizes. We report the following findings. First, higher investments in male reproductive behavior alone cannot explain the North Sea plaice SSD. This is because such higher reproductive investments require increased energy acquisition, which would cause a delay in maturation, leading to male-biased SSD contrary to observations. When accounting for the observed differential (lower) male mortality, maturation is postponed even further, leading to even larger males. Second, diminishing returns on male reproductive investments alone can qualitatively account for the North Sea plaice SSD, even though the quantitative match is imperfect. Third, both mechanisms can be reconciled with, and thus provide a mechanistic basis for, the previously advanced Ghiselin–Reiss hypothesis, according to which smaller males will evolve if their reproductive success is dominated by scramble competition for fertilizing females, as males would consequently invest more in reproduction than growth, potentially implying lower survival rates, and thus relaxing male–male competition. Fourth, a good quantitative fit with the North Sea plaice SSD is achieved by combining both mechanisms while accounting for sex-specific costs males incur during their spawning season. Fifth, evolution caused by fishing is likely to have modified the North Sea plaice SSD.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.