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opencc-byApr 2022View details →

Stocks d' entreteniment durant la COVID-19

Evolució dels principals stocks d' entreteniment durant el lockdown de la COVID 19. En aquest cas el periode d' analisis va des de el març de 2020 fins al maig del 2021 que es quan es va acabar l' estat de emergencia. Concretament mostra informació sobre el preu d'obertura, tancament, màxim i mínim de la sessió, així com el volum, els dividends concedits als inversors i la presència de splits d'accions generats per dia.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Psychiatric manifestations and associated risk factors among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Edo State, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had devastating effects globally. These effects are likely to result in mental health problems at different levels. Although studies have reported the mental health burden of the pandemic on the general population and frontline health workers, the impact of the disease on the mental health of patients in COVID-19 treatment and isolation centres have been understudied in Africa. We estimated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated risk factors in hospitalized persons with COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 489 patients with COVID-19 at the three government-designated treatment and isolation centres in Edo State, Nigeria. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tool were used to assess depression and anxiety respectively. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine risk factors of depression and anxiety. Results Of the 489 participants, 49.1% and 38.0% had depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and combination of both were 16.2%, 12.9% and 9.0% respectively. Moderate-severe symptoms of COVID-19, ≥14 days in isolation, worrying about the outcome of infection and stigma increased the risk of having depression and anxiety. Additionally, being separated/divorced increased the risk of having depression and having comorbidity increased the risk of having anxiety. A substantial proportion of our participants experienced depression, anxiety and a combination of both especially in those who had the risk factors we identified. The findings underscore the need to address modifiable risk factors for psychiatric manifestations early in the course of the disease and integrate mental health interventions and psychosocial support into COVID-19 management guidelines. --

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Protective effect conferred by prior infection and vaccination on COVID-19 in a healthcare worker cohort in South India

The emergence of newer variants with the immune escape potential raises concerns about breakthroughs and re-infections resulting in future waves of infection. We examined the protective effect of prior COVID-19 disease and vaccination on infection rates among a cohort of healthcare workers (HCW) in South India during the second wave driven mainly by the delta variant. Symptomatic HCWs were routinely tested by RT-PCR as per institutional policy. Vaccination was offered to all HCWs in late January, and the details were documented. We set up a non-concurrent cohort to document infection rates and estimated protective efficacy of prior infection and vaccination between 16th Apr to 31st May 2021, using a Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying covariates adjusting for daily incidence. Between June 2020 and May 2021, 2735 (23.9%) of 11,405 HCWs were infected, with 1412, including 32 re-infections, reported during the second wave. 6863 HCWs received two doses of vaccine and 1905 one dose. The protective efficacy of prior infection against symptomatic infection was 86.0% (95% CI 76.7% - 91.6%). Vaccination combined with prior infection provided 91.1% (95% CI 84.1% - 94.9%) efficacy. In the absence of prior infection, vaccine efficacy against symptomatic infection during the second wave was 31.8% (95% CI 23.5% – 39.1%). Prior infection provided substantial protection against symptomatic re-infection and severe disease during a delta variant-driven second wave in a cohort of health care workers.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Actual and potential drug interactions of psychotropic drugs in patients of the covid-19 medicine service of the Hospital de Emergencia-Lima,2021

Background: Actual and potential drug-drug interactions of psychotropic drugs in patients of the COVID-19 Medicine Service of the Villa El Salvador Emergency Hospital during the months of February to July 2021. Methods: The study is deductive, retroprospective, quantitative, applied, cross-sectional observational. The instrument used was a collection card for 86 pharmacotherapeutic follow-ups where psychotropic drugs for anxiety, depression and insomnia were registered. Results: In the actual and potential drug interactions of psychotropic drugs, according to the degree of severity dimension, it was identified that the important indicator represented the highest frequency of 89% of the interactions; according to the type of interaction dimension, it was identified that the pharmacodynamic indicator presented a higher frequency with 53%; according to the clinical evidence dimension, it was identified that the fair indicator had a higher frequency with 73% interactions; in the manifestation dimension, it was identified that the potential indicator presented a higher frequency with 92.2% interactions. In its moment of appearance dimension, it was identified that the quick indicator had a higher prevalence with 5.5% of real interactions. In its causality algorithm dimension, the probable indicator was identified as having the highest frequency with 7.25% of actual interactions. With respect to sex, the male presented 49.9% of potential interactions and in the real interactions, the female sex presented a higher incidence with 4.3% interactions. The average age of the potential interactions was 48.83 years, and the average age of the real interactions was 45.67 years. Sertraline presented 53.2% of potential interactions and in relation to real drug interactions the one that presented the highest frequency was mirtazapine with 3.5% interactions.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Risk of bias assessments and support for judgement with ROB 2 tool for the Cochrane Review-Update: Systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19.

Risk of bias assessments and support for judgement with ROB 2 tool for the Cochrane Review-Update: Systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID-19.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

COVID-19 lockdown measures impacted citizen science hedgehog observation numbers in Bavaria, Germany

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to temporary changes in human-animal interactions due to changes in human activities. Here we report on a surge in hedgehog observations during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany in 2020, on the citizen science web portal 'Igel in Bayern' (Hedgehogs in Bavaria) in Germany. This increase in comparison to previous years could be attributed to an increase in the number of people reporting hedgehog observations, rather than an increase in the number of hedgehog observations done by each observer. Additionally, in contrast to other studies on the effects of a COVID-19 lockdown on observations recorded by Citizen Science projects, the share of observations made in more urbanized areas during the lockdown time was not higher than the change observed in less urbanized areas. This is possibly a result of the differences in COVID-19 measures between Germany and other countries where preceding studies were carried out, in particular the lack of measures limiting outdoor activities for citizens.

All Hands on Deck' or Separate Lifeboats? Public support for European Economic Solidarity during the Covid-19 pandemic

What are the sources of public support for international aid in times of crises? This paper investigates the determinants of public support for the EU Covid-19 aid package (’NextGenera- tionEU’, NGEU), the largest aid package in EU history. We show that although public support for within-EU redistribution is influenced by long-standing factors such as ideology and citizen identities, endorsement or opposition cues taken from elite actors are important determinants of public support for aid in times of crises. Conversely, the effects of policy details about the aid package are more mixed. Using what is to the best of our knowledge the first EU-wide study on public opinion on the Covid-19 rescue package, our vignette experiment shows that short-term shifts in support for the rescue package are driven mostly by elite endorsement cues rather than information about the precise terms of aid or amount. We also find that the role of elite endorsement cues varies across different subsets of the population depending on their level of political sophistication, national level attachment and country context. Thus, in the face of multidimensional decision-making in times of crises, national institutions are key catalyst of moving short-term support for policies of international solidarity. We discuss how our findings have implications for democratic governance and accountability in the EU.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccine among adults in Saudi Arabia and their associated factor

It is of the utmost importance for the elements that influence public compliance to the COVID-19 vaccine to be assessed, including misconceptions, rumors, and conspiracy theories. Hence our study aimed to estimate the distribution of the most common misconceptions and their predictors in Saudi Arabia. We distributed an online questionnaire to participants who were 18 years or older at the time of the survey, which included four sections: demographic characteristics of participants, level of their education, their sources of information, and perception of participants regarding eleven of the most common misconceptions in the community. An evaluation of the relationships between different predictors and acceptance of these misconceptions was conducted using ordinal logistic regression; the most widely accepted misconception was that the vaccine has serious side effects, with 34.8% of participants reporting this. Accepting this misinformation Factors that were significantly associated with acceptance or refusal of misconceptions were: Gender, as females in this survey significantly accept rumors more than males (p<0.001); Educational level, especially secondary school, was associated with a significant decrease in acceptance of misconceptions (p=0.001); Information source. 60.5% of participants use social media as their primary source of information, and it was also a significant positive predictor of acceptance of misconceptions (p=0.034). It is of utmost importance to increase assurance in the safety of the vaccine, as it was the most accepted misconception, and to address the elements that affect believing rumors among the population.

Dataset for The Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates in Hawaii

This is the data used for the paper: The Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates in Hawaii published in Vaccines (2022). It includes the following: (1) foot-traffic data provided by SafeGraph; (2) COVID-19 positive case data provided by the State of Hawaii Department of Health; (3) Population data from the United States Census Bureau estimates from the 2020 Census; (4) Weekly vaccination data provided by the State of Hawaii Department of Health.

Supplementary Material for ICT Practitioners' Perception of Working from Home During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Exploring Gender Differences

Supplementary Material for the paper ICT Practitioners' Perception of Working from Home During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Exploring Gender Differences. The .pdf file contains the form questions used to conduct the survey and the other files contain responses from survey participants.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the evolution of covid -19 patients attended at the CLAS health center, Nuevo Lurin-2021

Abstract Background: To determine the values of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the evolution of patients with COVID -19 with treatment attended at the CLAS Health Center, Nuevo Lurín. Methods: The research was applied with an observational and descriptive method. The approach was quantitative, applied and cross-sectional. The study population was 13,000 patients in the CLAS center in Nuevo Lurin. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were only 45 male and female patients attended at the CLAS Health Center in Nuevo Lurin between February and June 2021, to whom the capillary method was applied in order to determine the values of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the evolution of COVID-19 patients. The data collection instrument was a record card. Results: It was compared that between male and female sex, there are statistically significant differences between the 45 COVID-19 patients evaluated. Higher values were identified in 7 male patients, while in women there was 1 patient with elevated values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. This shows that there is a higher incidence of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in males. Conclusion: Values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate were determined in 45 patients with COVID-19 evolution with treatment attended at the CLAS Health Center in Nuevo Lurin and confirming that erythrocyte sedimentation rate evolves significantly in COVID-19 patients.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Survey of risk perception, trust, and behavioral intention during the COVID-19 pandemic

Early public health strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the United States relied on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) as vaccines and therapeutic treatments were not yet available. Implementation of NPIs, primarily social distancing and mask wearing, varied widely between communities within the US due to variable government mandates, as well as differences in attitudes and opinions. To understand the interplay of trust, risk perception, behavioral intention, and disease burden, we developed a survey instrument to study attitudes concerning COVID-19 and pandemic behavioral change in three states: Idaho, Texas, and Vermont. We designed our survey (n = 1034) to detect whether these relationships were significantly different in rural populations. The best fitting structural equation models show that trust indirectly affects protective pandemic behaviors via health and economic risk perception. We explore two different variations of this social cognitive model: the first assumes behavioral intention affects future disease burden while the second assumes that observed disease burden affects behavioral intention. In our models we include several exogenous variables to control for demographic and geographic effects. Notably, political ideology is the only exogenous variable which significantly affects all aspects of the social cognitive model (trust, risk perception, and behavioral intention). While there is a direct negative effect associated with rurality on disease burden, likely due to the protective effect of low population density in the early pandemic waves, we found a marginally significant, positive, indirect effect of rurality on disease burden via decreased trust (p = 0.095). This trust deficit creates additional vulnerabilities to COVID-19 in rural communities which also have reduced healthcare capacity. Increasing trust by methods such as in-group messaging could potentially remove some of the disparities inferred by our models and increase NPI effectiveness.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

La Economía Circular como alternativa frente a la crisis causada por el COVID-19 - NormAmbiental

Conferencia en donde se muestra a la economía lineal como un modelo insostenible y los caminos para la reactivación económica en el contexto de pandemia. Asimismo se analiza dicho problema bajo la tesis de macroscopio de Rosnay y los beneficios de la economía circular

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

A simple method to describe the COVID-19 trajectory and dynamics in any country based on Johnson cumulative density function fitting

A simple method is utilised to study and compare COVID-19 infection dynamics between countries based on curve fitting to publicly shared data of confirmed COVID-19 infections. The method was tested using data from 80 countries from 6 continents. We found that Johnson cumulative density functions (CDFs) were extremely well fitted to the data (R2 > 0.99) and that Johnson CDFs were much better fitted to the tails of the data than either the commonly used normal or lognormal CDFs. Fitted Johnson CDFs can be used to obtain basic parameters of the infection wave, such as the percentage of the population infected during an infection wave, the days of the start, peak and end of the infection wave, and the duration of the wave's increase and decrease. These parameters can be easily interpreted biologically and used both for describing infection wave dynamics and in further statistical analysis. The usefulness of the parameters obtained was analysed with respect to the relation between the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the population density, the percentage of the population infected during an infection wave, the starting day and the duration of the infection wave in the 80 countries. We found that all the above parameters were significantly associated with GDP per capita, but only the percentage of the population infected was significantly associated with population density. If used with caution, this method has a limited ability to predict the future trajectory and parameters of an ongoing infection wave.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Overview of COVID-19 individual participant data meta-analyses (IPD-MAs)

Individual participant data meta-analyses (IPD-MAs), which include harmonising and analysing participant-level data from related studies, provide several advantages over aggregate data meta-analyses, which pool study-level findings. IPD-MAs inform the design and conduct of randomised clinical trials and have informed the research and public health responses to COVID-19. To identify areas of overlap, we conducted a rapid systematic review of completed or ongoing COVID-19 IPD-MAs. We identified 31 COVID-19 related IPD-MAs, including 5 living IPD-MAs, and found several areas of overlap in study designs, populations, exposures, and outcomes of interest. Details of the 31 identified COVID-19 IPD-MAs are presented in this dataset.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

College students' perception of e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: a cross -sectional study

Covid-19 has prompted higher education institutions around the globe to relocate offline classes to online classes. Universities in Indonesia were no exception. Indonesia has already developed distance education systems, and there were many challenges to utilizing e-learning. Due to the pandemic, all colleges across Indonesia were compelled to use online platforms to resume their studies. This study indicates e-learning perceptions' importance in knowledge mastery, social competence, and media literacy abilities. The study assesses college students' attitudes toward e-learning during the ongoing COVID-19 and will be utilized as an evaluation tool by The Higher Education of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. The research methods used with a quantitative model, where the sample tested represented the student of 1137 <a href="#_msocom_1">[DJ1]</a> respondents from 43 universities in Indonesia. The study's findings show a commonly perceived weakness of e-learning was that the majority of respondents got a lack interaction with lecturers (57,6%). The study also identified that the majority of respondents have a moderate mastery of technology 1038 respondents (77.6%), while the remainder has poor and high knowledge of technology. One of the key reason students implement e-learning is the ease with which they may obtain study resources.  According to the study, e-learning technology enables quick access to information, which results in students developing a favorable attitude toward it based on its utility, self-efficacy, the convenience of use, and student behavior related to e-learning. The study verifies the utility of e-learning by demonstrating how it enables students to study from any geographical location, which is not achievable with face-to-face instruction.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic productivity

This data set was used to analyse changes in academic productivity due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we describe how those data were collected. We downloaded the <a href="https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/Cornell-University/arxiv">arXiv dataset</a> hosted by Kaggle on 2022 June 6. This dataset is a JSON file (named `arxiv-metadata-oai-snapshot.json`) compressed into a zip file. We extracted this file and then executed `process.py` to create the following three files: - `metadata.json`: titles, abstract, and affiliations of authors - `authors.json`: author names - `records.csv`: arXiv identifier, categories, number of authors and affiliations, abstract length   We excluded pre-prints from 2022 June when processing files. The `process.py` script also adds a 'dummy' line to the `records.csv` to make Python load arXiv identifiers as strings. These three files (`metadata.json`, `authors.json`, and `records.csv`) were used for this analysis.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Increase in coercive measures in psychiatric hospitals during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To examine whether the pandemic in 2020 caused changes in psychiatric hospital cases, the percentage of patients exposed to coercive interventions, and aggressive incidents. Results: The number of cases in adult psychiatry decreased by 7.6% from 105,782 to 97,761. The percentage of involuntary cases increased from 12.3 to 14.1%, and the absolute number of coercive measures increased by 4.7% from 26,269 to 27,514. The percentage of cases exposed to any kind of coercive measure increased by 24.6% from 6.5 to 8.1%, and the median cumulative duration per affected case increased by 13.1% from 12.2 to 13.8 hrs, where seclusion increased more than mechanical restraint. The percentage of patients with aggressive incidents, collected in 10 hospitals, remained unchanged. Conclusions: While voluntary cases decreased considerably during the pandemic, involuntary cases increased slightly. However, the increased percentage of patients exposed to coercion is not only due to a decreased percentage of voluntary patients, as the duration of coercive measures per case also increased. The changes that indicate deterioration in treatment quality were probably caused by the multitude of measures to manage the pandemic. The focus of attention and internal rules as well have shifted from prevention of coercion to prevention of infection.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

An ordinal severity scale for COVID-19 retrospective studies using electronic health record data

Objectives: Although the World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Progression Scale for COVID-19 is useful in prospective clinical trials, it cannot be effectively used with retrospective Electronic Health Record (EHR) datasets. Modifying the existing WHO Clinical Progression Scale, we developed an ordinal severity scale (OS) and assessed its usefulness in the analyses of COVID-19 patient outcomes using retrospective EHR data. Results: The data set used in this analysis consists of 2,880,456 patients. PCA of the day-to-day variation in OS levels over the totality of the 28-day period revealed contrasting patterns of variation in disease severity within the first and second 14 days and illustrated the importance of evaluation over the full 28-day period. Discussion: An OS with well-defined, robust features, based on discrete EHR data elements, is useful for assessments of COVID-19 patient outcomes, providing insights on progression of COVID-19 disease severity over time. Conclusion: The OS provides a framework which can facilitate better understanding of the course of acute COVID-19, informing clinical decision-making and resource allocation.