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Figure 5 in Junior synonymy of Mulloides armatus and intraspecific comparisons of the yellowstripe goatfish Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Mullidae) using a comprehensive alpha-taxonomy approach

Figure 5. – Results of PCA for Mulloidichthys flavolineatus body shape showing (A) relationships between SL and the first principal component (PC1) and (B) relationships between the second to fourth principal components (PC2-4). The subspecies M. f. flavicaudus and populations of M. f. flavolineatus from selected regions are indicated by different symbols. The dashed line encloses M. f. flavicaudus and the dotted line encloses the population of M. f. flavolineatus from the entire Pacific.

Figure 4 in Junior synonymy of Mulloides armatus and intraspecific comparisons of the yellowstripe goatfish Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Mullidae) using a comprehensive alpha-taxonomy approach

Figure 4. – Standard length against five morphometric characters and one meristic character in Mulloidichthys flavolineatus and the HT of M. armatus with distinction of M. f. flavicaudus and populations of M. f. flavolineatus from selected regions by different symbols. The hatched line indicates the minimum size for adult/subadult fish.

Figure 3. – Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus from Wake Island. A in Junior synonymy of Mulloides armatus and intraspecific comparisons of the yellowstripe goatfish Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Mullidae) using a comprehensive alpha-taxonomy approach

Figure 3. – Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus from Wake Island. A: BPBM 4089, 286 mm SL (Loreen O'Hara); B: Adult (Phillip & Lisa Lobel); C: Several adults or subadults; one of the four fish at top right has a yellow caudal fin (Phillip & Lisa Lobel). Scale bar = 4 cm.

Figure 2 in Junior synonymy of Mulloides armatus and intraspecific comparisons of the yellowstripe goatfish Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Mullidae) using a comprehensive alpha-taxonomy approach

Figure 2. – Standard length against total length in 12 adult/subadult specimens of Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus from the SW Pacific, with projected placement of the HT of M. armatus, allowing approximation of standard length.

Figure 7 in Taxonomy of the enigmatic genus Acanthoniscus Gosse, 1851 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidae), from Jamaica, with the description of a new species

Figure 7.Pleopods of a male Acanthoniscus richardsonae sp. nov. A, First pleopod; B, detail of first pleopod endopodite tip; C, detail of first pleopod exopodite; D, second pleopod, with detail of the two setae on exopodite outer margin (arrow); E, third pleopod exopodite; F, detail of the outer-basal region of the third pleopod exopodite showing the respiratory structures (thick arrow indicates the position of the spiracle); G, detail of the outer-basal region of the third pleopod exopodite showing the spiracle partially closed from above; H, fourth pleopod exopodite; I, fifth pleopod exopodite. Abbreviations: endopodite (en) and exopodite (ex). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A–H), 0.25 mm (I).

Figure 8 in Taxonomy of the enigmatic genus Acanthoniscus Gosse, 1851 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidae), from Jamaica, with the description of a new species

Figure 8. Selected body parts of Acanthoniscus for comparison with other taxa within Armadillidae. Cubaris murina Brandt, 1833, showing the ground pattern in Armadillidae (A–E): A, Posterior region of the body in dorsal view; B, posterior region of the body in ventral view; C, pleotelson in dorsal view; D, uropod in dorsal view; E, middle region of the sternite 7 of a male showing the bilobed caudal process on the posterior margin, which is considered an autapomorphy of Armadillidae. Acanthoniscus richardsonae sp. nov. (F–H): F, pleotelson in dorsal view; G, uropod in dorsal view; H, middle region of the sternite 7 of a male. Drawings of the pleotelson and uropods in dorsal views of some morphologically divergent taxa within Armadillidae. I, Echinodillo cavaticus Green, 1963; J, Echinodillo montanus Jackson, 1933; K, Laureola vietnamensis Kwon, Ferrara and Taiti, 1992; L, Laureola dubia Schmalfuss and Ferrara, 1983; M, Schismadillo rouxi Verhoeff, 1926; N, Merulanella wahrbergi Verhoeff, 1926; O, Nesodillo incisus Verhoeff, 1926. Drawings modified from Verhoeff (1926) (M–O), Jackson (1933) (J), Green (1963) (I), Schmalfuss and Ferrara (1983) (L), and Kwon et al. (1992) (K). Abbreviations: endopodite (en), exopodite (ex), sympodite (sy).

Figure 4 in Taxonomy of the enigmatic genus Acanthoniscus Gosse, 1851 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidae), from Jamaica, with the description of a new species

Figure 4. Body parts of Acanthoniscus richardsonae sp. nov. A, Overall, dorsal view; B, detail of the microsculpture of the dorsal tegument (left) and tricorn-like setae (right); C, lateral view of the anterior region of the body; D, lateral view of the posterior region of the body; E, right pleon-epimera 3–5 in ventral view; F, right pereon-epimera 1–7 in ventral view; G, detail of pereon-epimera 1–2 in a more ventral position; H, cephalothorax in dorsal view; I, cephalothorax in frontal view (the tiny sensory setae inserted between the ommatidia are illustrated under a magnification of 400×: a, b, c); J, cephalothorax in ventral view; K, pleotelson and uropods in dorsal view (the uropod exopodites are slightly pointing upward); L, pleotelson and uropods in ventral view; M, right uropod in ventral view; N, right uropod in dorsal view; O, drawing of the overall dorsal view modified from Richardson (1909); P, arrangement of dorsal spines, the diameters of the circles correspond to the relative size of the spines. Drawings of the corresponding structures modified from Richardson (1909) are included in I, J (the question mark means that the position representing the drawing is not totally clear) and in M. Abbreviations: sympodite (sy), endopodite (en), and exopodite (ex). Scale bars = 1 mm (A–L), 0.5 mm (M–N); in some cases, a single scale bar applies to more than one figure (indicated by the letters above the scale bar).

Figure 5 in Taxonomy of the enigmatic genus Acanthoniscus Gosse, 1851 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidae), from Jamaica, with the description of a new species

Figure 5.Other appendages of Acanthoniscus richardsonae sp. nov. A, Second antenna; B, detail of flagellum of second antenna depicting position of aesthetasc groups (small arrows); C, detail of the distal article of the flagellum of the second antenna slightly turned over showing the aesthetasc groups; D, detail of the distal-most portion of the flagellum of the second antenna showing the apical cone; E, first antenna; F, detail of the third article of the first antenna showing the aesthetascs; G, male left seventh pereiopod; H, detail of ischium of male seventh pereiopod; I, detail of dactylus of male seventh pereiopod in anterior view; J, detail of dactylus of male seventh pereiopod in posterior view; K, male left first pereiopod, showing the areas on the carpus and propodus covered with the cleaning apparatus or antennal brush (dashed outlines); L, detail of carpus of male first pereiopod (anterior surface). Abbreviations: basis (bs), ischium (is), merus (me), carpus (ca), propodus (pr), flagellum (fl), and dactylus (da). Drawing of the corresponding structure modified from Richardson (1909) is included in A. Scale bars = 1 mm (A), 0.5 mm (G, K), 0.3 mm (B), 0.1 mm (C–E, H–J, L), 0.05 mm (F).

Figure 1 in Taxonomy of the enigmatic genus Acanthoniscus Gosse, 1851 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidae), from Jamaica, with the description of a new species

Figure 1. Distribution of the genus Acanthoniscus in Jamaica. Above: type locality of A. spiniger at the hills near Bluefields (yellow dot), the type locality of A. richardsonae sp. nov. in the Blue Mountains (red dot), and a second location in the Blue Mountains where a specimen presumably of A. richardsonae sp. nov. was photographed (orange dot). The main collection sites of Henry G. Hubbard in 1877 are depicted by green dots, notice the proximity of Stony Hill to the distribution of A. richardsonae sp. nov. Below: The hills known as Surinam Quarters near Bluefields, referred by Gosse (1851) as "Bluefields Mountain," Westmoreland Parish, constitute the type locality of A. spiniger.

Figure 2 in Taxonomy of the enigmatic genus Acanthoniscus Gosse, 1851 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidae), from Jamaica, with the description of a new species

Figure 2. Body parts of Acanthoniscus spiniger (female holotype BMNH 1973.478.1). A, Overall, dorsal view; B, overall, ventral view; C, right pereon-epimera 1–7 in ventral view; D, overall, lateral view; E, right pleon-epimera 3–5 in ventral view; F, overall, frontal view; G, cephalothorax in dorsal view; H, cephalothorax in frontal view; I, cephalothorax in ventral view; J, pleotelson and uropods in dorsal view; K, pleotelson and uropods in ventral view; L, right uropod in ventral view; M, arrangement of dorsal spines, the diameters of the circles correspond to the relative size of the spines. Drawings of the corresponding structures modified from Kinahan (1859) are included in J and L. Abbreviations: sympodite (sy), endopodite (en), and exopodite (ex). Scale bars = 1 mm (A–K), 0.5 mm (L). Original photographs by The Trustees of the BMNH.

Figure 3 in Taxonomy of the enigmatic genus Acanthoniscus Gosse, 1851 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidae), from Jamaica, with the description of a new species

Figure 3. Right lateral view of a female paratype Acanthoniscus richardsonae sp. nov. showing coloration in alcohol. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 23. A in Taxonomie Study of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Korea

Fig. 23. A~ F: Enchodelus (F.) macrodorus. A. Anterior part. B. Head. C. Vulva. D. Oesophagus-intestine junction, F. Female posterior part. F~ I: Enchodelus (P.) longidens. F. Anterior part. G. Head. H. Vulva. I. Female posterior part.

Fig. 20. A in Taxonomie Study of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Korea

Fig. 20. A~ E: Enchodelus (E.) hopedorus A, B: Anterior part; C: Oesophagus-intestine junction; D: Vulva. E: Female posterior part; F~ I: Oriverutus pagarus; F: Anterior part; G: Female tail; H: Oesophagus-intestine junction; I: Male posterior part; J: Female gonad.

Fig. 22 in Taxonomie Study of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Korea

Fig. 22. Enchodelux (P.) longidens A, B: Anterior part; C: Oesophagus; D: Female tail; E: Vulva; F: Entire female.

Fig. 19 in Taxonomie Study of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Korea

Fig. 19. Enchodelus (E.) hopedorus A: Anterior part; B: Female posterior part, C* Female gonad, D: Anterior part, h. Female gonad.

Fig. 18 in Taxonomie Study of Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Korea

Fig. 18. Oriverutus pagarııs A: Oesophagus, B, C" Anterior part, D: Oestiphagus-intestine junction, E, Female gonad, F' Spicule, G: Male posterior part, H: Female posterior part.

Figures 18–20 in Micro CT approach applied in taxonomy: An example on the species Melanopopillia hainanensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Figures 18–20. Natural habitats of the Melanopopillia hainanensis Lin, 1980. 18. The flowers of Melastomataceae. 19. M. hainanensis visiting the flowers of Melastomataceae. 20. Surroundings. Photoed by Yandong Chen from Yulingu, Jianfengling Mts., Hainan, China in 12. IV. 2019.

Figures 1–8 in Micro CT approach applied in taxonomy: An example on the species Melanopopillia hainanensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Figures 1–8. Male of Melanopopillia hainanensis. 1–3. Habitus. 1. Dorsal view. 2. Ventral view. 3. Lateral view from left. 4. Head and pronotum. 5. Propygidium and pygidium. 6–8. Aedeagus. 6. Dorsal view. 7. Lateral view from right. 8. Ventral view. Scale bars: 1–5 = 5 mm; 6–8 = 1 mm.

Figures 9–14. 3D in Micro CT approach applied in taxonomy: An example on the species Melanopopillia hainanensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Figures 9–14. 3D model for habitus of Melanopopillia hainanensis. 9. Dorsal view. 10. Ventral view. 11. Lateral view from left. 12. Phantom view. 13. Frontal plane. 14. Sagittal plane. These photos are screen shots of the 3D model of habitus.

Figures 15–17. 3D in Micro CT approach applied in taxonomy: An example on the species Melanopopillia hainanensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Figures 15–17. 3D model for aedeagus of Melanopopillia hainanensis. 15. Dorsal view. 16. Ventral view. 17. Lateral view from right. These photos are screen shots of the 3D model of aedeagus.