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Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Lake E6 near Toolik Field Station, Alaska Summer 2006.

Time-series of temperatures were measured using self-contained temperature loggers on taut-line moorings with a subsurface float 1 m below the air-water. Data are 5 minute averages of 10 second measuremsents.

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Lake E6 near Toolik Field Station, Alaska Summer 2009.

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Lake E6 near Toolik Field Station, Alaska Summer 2002.

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Lake E6 near Toolik Field Station, Alaska Summer 2008.

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Toolik Lake, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Summer 1999

Time-series of temperatures were measured using self-contained temperature loggers on taut-line moorings with a subsurface float 1 m below the air-water. Theses are the 5 minute averages of 10 second measuremsents.

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Toolik Lake, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Summer 2007.

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Toolik Lake, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Summer 2006.

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Toolik Lake, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Summer 2000.

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Toolik Lake, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Summer 2001

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Toolik Lake, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Summer 2002.

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Toolik Lake, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Summer 2003.

Time-series of 5 minute water temperatures averages from Toolik Lake, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Summer 2005.

openOpenMay 2013View details →

Ordinary Kriging Precipitation Time Series for surrounding CAPLTER areas, 1999 to 2011

Annual rainfall data within the CAP/LTER boundary. Consists of 2 Layer Packages and tabular data. The table contains rainfall data from 2000 to 2011 based on ALERT data collection sites via The Flood Control District of Maricopa County. Included are 12 classified raster datasets displaying annual rainfall data for each year as well as point data of each ALERT collection site. Also included are city boundaries, the CAP/LTER boundary, Native American Reservation boundaries, and the location of the capital as either point or polygon datasets for a location reference.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2020View details →

Time series of annual TAS 40-year trend from historical to future in CMIP5 model simulations

Time series of 40-year linear trend for the annual near surface air temperature (tas) for the period 1979-2100 as simulated by the CMIP5 models on a 2 x 2 deg grid. The data for the period 1979-2005 are taken from the CMIP5 historical simulations, while data for 2006-2100 are from the CMIP5 future scenario rcp2.6, rcp4.5 and rcp8.5, respectively. The 40 year trend of 1979-2018 from the ERA-Interim reanalysis is also provided in a separate file.  Each file contains the time series of the 40-year linear trend for tas at each grid point from historical to one of the three scenarios simulated by one model. The linear trend is calculated using cdo, and the year associated with each data point in a file corresponding to the last year in the 40-year time period, e.g, the associated year 2018 corresponds to the linear trend calculated for the period 1979-2018. Unit: C/year.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2020View details →

Time series of Area mean TAS 40-year trend from historical to future in CMIP5 model simulations

Time series of 40-year linear trend for the Arctic (ARC) and the Eastern Arctic (eARC) mean annual near surface air temperature (tas) for the period 1979-2100 as simulated by the CMIP5 models. The data for the period 1979-2005 are taken from the CMIP5 historical simulations, while data for 2006-2100 are from the future scenario rcp2.6, rcp4.5 and rcp8.5, respectively. The 40 year trend of 1979-2018 from the ERA-Interim reanalysis is also provided in separate files. The Arctic is defined as the area north of 70 N, and the eastern Arctic is defined as 0 - 180 E and north of 70 N. Each file contains the time series of the 40-year linear trend for the respective area mean tas from historical to one of the three scenarios simulated by one model. The linear trend is calculated using cdo, and the year associated with each data point in a file corresponding to the last year in the 40-year time period, e.g, the associated year 2018 corresponds to the linear trend calculated for the period 1979-2018. Unit: C/year.

Time series measurements of group-specific picophytoplankton primary production

14C-based primary production by flow cytometrically determined pico plankton (Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes) were measured at six discrete depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, and 125 m) at Station ALOHA. Seawater samples from each depth were subsampled into triplicate 30-mL polycarbonate centrifuge tubes from a pre-dawn cast, inoculated under subdued light with 70 µL of NaH14CO3-, then incubated over the full photoperiod (~12-14 hours). At the end of the incubation period (after sundown), 5 mL of each radiolabeled sample was preserved in cryotubes containing 30 µL of 16% (final concentration 0.24% w/v) microscopy-grade paraformaldehyde, flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C for subsequent flow cytometric sorting. Group-specific rates of 14C-assimilation by Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and PPE were determined by measuring the amount of 14C assimilated into populations sorted using a BD Influx sorting flow cytometer.

Time-series measurements of size fractionated primary production (>3 micron) in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean

Filter size-fractionated (>3 μm) particulate 14C-based rates of primary production were measured at six discrete depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, and 125 m) throughout the euphotic zone. Seawater samples from each depth were subsampled into triplicate 30-mL polycarbonate centrifuge tubes from a pre-dawn cast, inoculated with 70 µL of NaH14CO3-, then incubated over the full photoperiod (~12-14 hours) on a floating in situ array at the corresponding depths where the water was collected. At the end of the incubation period (after sundown), 25 mL of each sample was vacuum-filtered first onto a 25-mm diameter 3-μm pore size polycarbonate membrane.

Time-series measurements of size fractionated primary production (14C-assimilation) in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean

Filter size-fractionated (>0.2-3 μm) particulate 14C-based rates of primary production were measured at six discrete depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, and 125 m) throughout the euphotic zone. Seawater samples from each depth were subsampled into triplicate 30-mL polycarbonate centrifuge tubes from a pre-dawn cast, inoculated with 70 µL of NaH14CO3-, then incubated over the full photoperiod (~12-14 hours) on a floating in situ array at the corresponding depths where the water was collected. At the end of the incubation period (after sundown), 25 mL of each sample was vacuum-filtered first onto a 25-mm diameter 3-μm pore size polycarbonate membrane, then the filtrate was vacuum-filtered onto a 25-mm diameter 0.2-μm pore size polycarbonate membrane filter. The rates reported here are for the >0.2-3 μm size fraction.

Time series measurements of leucine incorporation as a measure of bacterial production in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean

Samples were collected at or in the vicinity of Station ALOHA on 24 different cruises. On each cruise, rates of 3H-Leu incorporation into protein were measured. Seawater samples for measurements of production were collected from pre-dawn vertical hydrocasts at 6 discrete depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, 125 m) using polyvinyl chloride sampling bottles affixed to a rosette sampler. Polyethylene amber bottles (125 ml capacity) were subsampled from the CTD rosette bottles, and duplicate acid-cleaned 12 ml polycarbonate centrifuge tubes were filled from each depth. Each polycarbonate tube was inoculated with 20 nmol L-1 (final concentration) 3,4,5-3H-leucine. An additional 1.5 ml per depth was subsampled into 2 ml microcentrifuge tubes  containing 100 µl of 100% (w/v) ice-cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to serve as a killed blank. The polycarbonate sample tubes were capped and incubated in situ over the photoperiod to measure rates of 3H-Leu incorporation in both dark (through use of black cloth bags) and light on a free-drifting array. At the end of the photoperiod, triplicate 1.5 ml subsamples were removed from each tube and added to 2 ml microcentrifuge tubes containing 100 µl of 100% ice-cold TCA; these tubes were stored frozen until analysis. Samples were processed following a modified method of the microcentrifuge method.

Time-series rates of dissolved organic carbon production in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean

Over a 3-year period (April 2010-April 2013), we measured 14C-DOC production from vertical profiles used for determination of 14C-particle production, utilizing 0.2 um filtrates. Seawater for these experiments was collected from predawn CTD hydrocasts into acid-cleaned 500-ml polycarbonate bottles. A total of four replicate 500 ml bottles were subsampled per depth and each bottle was spiked with ~1.85 MBq 14C-bicarbonate. One hundred milliliters from one replicate per depth was vacuum filtered through a 0.2 mm polycarbonate filter and the filtrate served as a time zero blank. The remaining three bottles were hung on a free-drifting array, deployed before dawn, and incubated at their initial collection depths throughout the photoperiod (typically 11-13 hours). After sunset the array was recovered, and 100 ml subsamples of all bottles were filtered under gentle vacuum (<50 mm Hg) onto 0.2 mm polycarbonate filters. These 0.2 mm filtrates were stored frozen (-20oC) until subsequent processing for determination of 14C-DOC productivity. Samples were processed as follows: 100 ml of the 14C-PC filtrates were thawed, poured into 500 ml polyethylene separatory funnels, and acidified by the addition of 500 µl of 2 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Samples were vigorously bubbled with air in a fume hood to remove 14CO2. A 70 ml subsample was removed from each separatory funnel and poured into a 100 ml glass serum bottle containing 1 ml of 2 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 10 ml of 0.37 M potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) in 1 M NaOH. Bottles were sealed with rubber stoppers, crimp sealed with an aluminum cap, and autoclaved at 126°C for 200 minutes; oxidizing 14C-DOC to 14C-DIC in an alkaline solution. Once cooled to room temperature, samples were uncapped and resealed using rubber sleeve stoppers holding plastic center wells containing ~2 x 2 cm pieces of fluted chromatographic filter paper (Whatman 2) soaked with 0.2 ml of β-phenylethylamine. A syringe was used to inject 4 ml of 9 N H2SO4 into the solution, converting the 14C-labeled dissolved inorganic carbon (hereafter 14C-DIC) to 14CO2. Samples were stored undisturbed at room temperature, passively trapping the 14CO2 on the β-phenylethylamine soaked wick. After at least 100 hours, rubber sleeve stoppers were removed and center wells and wicks were placed in scintillation vials, followed by the addition of 10 ml of Ultima Gold LLT scintillation cocktail. Samples were subsequently counted on a Perkin Elmer Tri-Carb 2800TR liquid scintillation counter. Rates of 14C-DOC production were computed for each cruise as the mean of the triplicate bottles from each depth minus the average 14C-activity of the time zero (blank) samples.