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FIGURE 8 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group

FIGURE 8. Pygidial configuration of species within the Lepanus pygmaeus species group. A, Lepanus andersonorum; B, Lepanus crenidens; C, Lepanus feehani; D, Lepanus gubara; E, Lepanus guthrieae; F, Lepanus lentil; G, Lepanus lingziae; H, Lepanus mckenziei; I, Lepanus menendezae. All specimens in comparative scale. Scale bar 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group

FIGURE 4. Some diagnostic characters of the Lepanus pygmaeus species group. A, Head of Lepanus guthrieae featuring medially interrupted basal margin (white arrow) and reticulations on clypeal area only (black arrow); B, head of Lepanus lentil featuring angulate and complete basal margin (white arrow); C, pterothorax of Lepanus andersonorum showing fine, short carina extending backwards from the meso-metaventral suture (white arrow); D, posterior aspect of metatibia of Lepanus pecki; E, anterior aspect of metatibia of Lepanus pecki; F, anterior aspect of metatibia of Lepanus guthrieae; G, female protibia of Lepanus pygmaeus; H, male protibia of Lepanus pygmaeus; I, female protibia of Lepanus pecki; J, male protibia of Lepanus pecki; K, male protibia of Lepanus crenidens; L, male protibia of Lepanus pungalina; M, inner laterodorsal aspect male protibia of Lepanus pungalina showing bent apical digit (black arrow).

FIGURE 3. A in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group

FIGURE 3. A, Dorsal aspect of key structures of Lepanus and other dung beetles; B, Ventral aspect of key structures of Lepanus and other dung beetles; C, key structures of a Lepanus head; D–F, aspect of the eye canthus relative to the eye: D, dividing the eye; E, nearly dividing the eye (separated by only a few eye facets); F, not dividing the eye; G–H, examples and key structures of Lepanus protibia: G, dorsal aspect of truncate protibia; H, dorsal aspect of deeply angulate protibia.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group

FIGURE 2. Examples of general configuration of pygidia in Lepanus species groups represented by species for which species group name is derived. A, Lepanus nitidus; B, L. pisoniae; C, L. furcifer (arrow showing position of pit); D, L. parapisoniae; E, L. pygmaeus; F, L. palumensis.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group

FIGURE 1. Examples of general configuration of pygidia in Lepanus species groups represented by species for which species group name is derived. A, Lepanus villosus; B, L. monteithi; C, L. australis; D, L. ustulatus; E, L. storeyi (♂); F, L. storeyi (♀). Note, within the L. storeyi species group only Lepanus storeyi is sexually dimorphic, the pygidia of all other females are similar to L. storeyi males, this is also the only Lepanus species that exhibits such dimorphic pygidia.

FIGURE 17 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group

FIGURE 17. Map of known records of Lepanus sauroni including predicted distribution overlaid with predicted distribution boundary of L. pygmaeus (dashed line) taken from Fig. 13 map.

FIGURE 10 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group

FIGURE 10. Left, dorsal, and right view of aedeagi of species within the Lepanus pygmaeus species group. A, Lepanus andersonorum; B, Lepanus crenidens; C, Lepanus feehani; D, Lepanus gubara; E, Lepanus guthrieae. Not in comparative scale, given size difference aedegi are roughly grouped in three size classes as per lower left schematic and scaled accordingly. Size class indicated by shaded silhouette and 0.2 mm scale bar.

FIGURE 4 in New southern African species and a revalidation in the dung beetle genus Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with an updated key

FIGURE 4. Map showing the generic distribution of Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 comprising three tropical species and nine southern African species (see Fig. 3).

FIGURE 1 in New southern African species and a revalidation in the dung beetle genus Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with an updated key

FIGURE 1. Habitus of Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 species, dorsal view. A, Gyronotus ovalis Deschodt & Davis, new species; B, Gyronotus kearneyorum Deschodt & Davis, new species; C, Gyronotus dracomontanus Deschodt & Davis, new species; D, Gyronotus pumilus (Boheman, 1857); E, Gyronotus marginatus Péringuey, 1888. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.

FIGURE 2 in New southern African species and a revalidation in the dung beetle genus Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with an updated key

FIGURE 2. Aedeagus of Gyronotus ovalis Deschodt & Davis, new species. A, left side; B, right side; C, ventral view; D, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 3 in New southern African species and a revalidation in the dung beetle genus Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with an updated key

FIGURE 3. Map showing the distribution of nine South African and eSwatini Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 species.

FIGURE 21 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): description of 10 new species from the L. australis, L. monteithi, and L. villosus species groups

FIGURE 21. Map of known records for A, Lepanus reticulatus; B, Lepanus vestitus including predicted distribution estimated with BIOCLIM models. QLD, Queensland.

FIGURE 17 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): description of 10 new species from the L. australis, L. monteithi, and L. villosus species groups

FIGURE 17. Habitus of species within the Lepanus villosus species group. A, Lepanus pseudovillosus; B, Lepanus reticulatus; C, Lepanus vestitus; D, Lepanus villosus. All specimens in comparative scale. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 16 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): description of 10 new species from the L. australis, L. monteithi, and L. villosus species groups

FIGURE 16. Some diagnostic characters of the Lepanus villosus species group. A, lateral view of elytron of Lepanus villosus, white arrow points to deep pit at the base of stria 8; B, lateral view of elytron of Lepanus vestitus, note the absence of any deep pit; C, elytron of Lepanus villosus dotted line showing humeral callus between striae 6 and 7 and white arrow showing depression at base of striae 4 and 5; D, male metatibiae of Lepanus vestitus, notch on inner edge; E, male protibia of Lepanus pseudovillosus, showing typical configuration for the species group including the small comb of setae (grey arrow); F, close up of elytral interval surface of Lepanus reticulatus, showing reticulation of short longitudinal striations; G, close up of elytral interval surface of Lepanus vestitus showing reticulations of fine meshes.

FIGURE 14 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): description of 10 new species from the L. australis, L. monteithi, and L. villosus species groups

FIGURE 14. Map of known records for Lepanus topend including predicted distribution estimated with BIOCLIM models. WA, Western Australia; NT, Northern Territory; QLD, Queensland.

FIGURE 13 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): description of 10 new species from the L. australis, L. monteithi, and L. villosus species groups

FIGURE 13. Map of known records for Lepanus geoffi including predicted distribution estimated with BIOCLIM models. QLD, Queensland.

FIGURE 11 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): description of 10 new species from the L. australis, L. monteithi, and L. villosus species groups

FIGURE 11. Pygidial configuration of species within the Lepanus monteithi species group. A, Lepanus geoffi; B, Lepanus monteithi; C, Lepanus reidi; D, Lepanus topend; E, Lepanus yorkensis. All specimens in comparative scale. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): description of 10 new species from the L. australis, L. monteithi, and L. villosus species groups

FIGURE 7. Map of known records including predicted distribution estimated with BIOCLIM models for A, Lepanus eungella; B, Lepanus oxleyi. QLD, Queensland.

FIGURE 5 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): description of 10 new species from the L. australis, L. monteithi, and L. villosus species groups

FIGURE 5. Map of known records including predicted distribution estimated with BIOCLIM models for A, Lepanus australis; B, Lepanus burnetti. QLD, Queensland; NSW, New South Wales; VIC, Victoria.

FIGURE 8 in Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): description of 10 new species from the L. australis, L. monteithi, and L. villosus species groups

FIGURE 8. Some diagnostic characters of the Lepanus monteithi species group. A, Head of Lepanus topend, black arrow points to blunt projection lateral to clypeal teeth; B, Head of Lepanus reidi example of rounded clypeal edge, white arrow showing absence of basal carina; C, Head of Lepanus monteithi with dotted lines showing short basal carina; D, Metaventrite of Lepanus topend, white arrow points to narrow margin of medial lobe beside mesocoxae; E, protibia of Lepanus monteithi showing only two distinct teeth; F, male metatibiae of Lepanus reidi, black arrow and dotted line indicates notch on the inner edge; G, ventrolateral view of Lepanus geoffi highlighting pit containing a tuft of setae on lateral lobe of metaventrite; H, ventrolateral view of Lepanus reidi white arrow points to very narrow margin of medial lobe of metaventrite beside mesocoxa, dotted line showing anteriorly curved inner border of lateral lobe; I, ventrolateral view of Lepanus monteithi white arrow points to virtually absent margin of medial lobe of metaventrite beside mesocoxa, dotted line showing anteriorly straight inner border of lateral lobe.