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Fig. 3 in Two New Species of Frogs of the Genus Colostethus (Dendrobatidae) from Peru and a Redescription of C. trilineatus (Boulenger, 1883)

Fig. 3. Ventral and dorsal views of adult male Colostethus trilineatus from the type locality (Yurimaguas). Holotype BMNH 1947.2.14.20 (left), AMNH FS 8689 (center), MUSM 15611 (right). ×1.2.

Fig. 1 in Two New Species of Frogs of the Genus Colostethus (Dendrobatidae) from Peru and a Redescription of C. trilineatus (Boulenger, 1883)

Fig. 1. Map of western South America showing localities for material examined of Colostethus trilineatus (-), C. melanolaemus (•), C. alessandroi (Δ), and C. mcdiarmidi (*).

Fig. 2. A in Two New Species of Frogs of the Genus Colostethus (Dendrobatidae) from Peru and a Redescription of C. trilineatus (Boulenger, 1883)

Fig. 2. A specimen of Colostethus trilineatus from Cocha Cashu, Parque Nacional del Manu, Depto. Madre de Dios, Peru, ca. 380 m. [From color transparency by LOR.]

Fig. 12 in Two New Species of Frogs of the Genus Colostethus (Dendrobatidae) from Peru and a Redescription of C. trilineatus (Boulenger, 1883)

Fig. 12. Narrow band (59 Hz) spectrogram and waveform of advertisement call of Colostethus juanii (ICN 44486). This is the first quadruplet of the second train of recording TG 9904.

Fig. 18 in Two New Species of Frogs of the Genus Colostethus (Dendrobatidae) from Peru and a Redescription of C. trilineatus (Boulenger, 1883)

Fig. 18. Narrowband (59 Hz) spectrogram and waveform of advertisement call of Colostethus alessandroi from the type locality.

Fig. 15 in Two New Species of Frogs of the Genus Colostethus (Dendrobatidae) from Peru and a Redescription of C. trilineatus (Boulenger, 1883)

Fig. 15. Ventral view of adult males of Colostethus mcdiarmidi holotype USNM 257805 (left) and C. alessandroi AMNH 157004 (right). Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 7. Relationships (strict consensus) of Genibatrachus baoshanensis with other living and fossil frogs. The tree is calibrated with the ages of fossil taxa. The new fossil taxon is highlighted in boldface. The numbers next to the branches represent the jackknife supporting value (only supporting value higher than 0.5 is shown).

FIGURE 6 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 6. Ontogenetic fusion of ribs to transverse process of the vertebra: A, PKUP V0410 (juvenile); B, PKUP V0411 (juvenile); C, PKUP V0406 (young adult); D, PKUP V0404 (fully grown adult). Scale bars = 5 mm. Note that PKUP V0410 and V0411 show all trunk vertebrae with free ribs articulated with the transverse process, PKUP V0406 shows a transitional stage of fusion of the ribs on posterior trunk vertebrae, whereas PKUP V0404 shows fully fused ribs to the transverse process on the posterior trunk vertebrae.

FIGURE 4 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 4. Referred specimens of Genibatrachus baoshanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (juvenile individuals): A, PKUP V0411 in dorsal view; B, PKUP V0412 in ventral view.

FIGURE 2 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 2. Photograph of the holotype of Genibatrachus baoshanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (PKUP V0401): incomplete skeleton exposed on part-and-counterpart shale slabs. A, skull and postcranial skeleton exposed in dorsal view; B, impressions of the skull and postcranial skeleton exposed in counterpart slab of A.

FIGURE 1 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 1. Area map showing the location of Taipingqiao locality (Inner Mongolia) in relation to other Early Cretaceous frog fossil localities near Chaoyang in western Liaoning Province, China (area shaded dark grey indicates the former "Jehol Province" after which the "Jehol Biota" was named).

FIGURE 3 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 3. Holotype of Genibatrachus baoshanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (PKUP V0401): line drawing of the incomplete skeleton and impressions of the skeleton in dorsal view, as exposed on part-and-counterpart shale slabs.

FIGURE 5 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 5. Palatal structures of Genibatrachus baoshanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (PKUP V0412). Arrow points to the ossified posteromedial process of the hyoid.

Figure 20 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru

Figure 20. Pelvic girdles of Melanophryne. Melanophryne barbatula (MHNSM 19903) in lateral (A) and (B) dorsal aspects. Melanophryne carpish (KU 45614) in lateral (C) and (D) dorsal aspects. Grey denotes cartilage, and grey with stipples, mineralized cartilage.

Figure 18 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru

Figure 18. Vertebral columns of Melanophyrne. Melanophryne barbatula (MHNSM 19903) in dorsal (A) aspect, and sacral region of vertebral column in ventral (B) aspect. Melanophryne carpish in dorsal (C) aspect and sacral region in ventral (D) aspect. Presacrals I, I +II and VIII are numbered. Note the conditions of the centra of Presacral VIII, procoelous in M. barbatula and amphicoelous in M. carpish. Grey areas are cartilage.

Figure 14 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru

Figure 14. Pelvic girdles of Nelsonophryne. Nelsonophryne aequatorialis (KU 178288) in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) aspects. Nelsonophryne aterrima (KU 30773) in lateral (C) and dorsal (D) aspects. Grey denotes cartilage, and grey with stipples, mineralized cartilage.

Figure 13 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru

Figure 13. Pectoral girdles of Nelsonophryne in ventral view. A, Nelsonophryne aequatorialis (KU 178288). B, Nelsonophryne aterrima (KU 30773). Note the absence of a clavicle and procoracoid cartilage in both species. Only the left scapula and suprascapula are shown, and these structures have been deflected into the ventral plane for the purposes of illustration. Black and white stipple represents bone, whereas grey tone is cartilage; stippling in grey represents mineralization of the cartilage.

Figure 11 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru

Figure 11. Hyoids of Nelsonophryne in ventral view. A, Nelsonophryne aequatorialis (KU 178288). B, Nelsonophryne aterrima (KU 30773). Black and white stipple represents bone, whereas grey tone is cartilage; stippling in grey represents mineralization of the cartilage. ant proj, anterior projection; antlat proc, anterolateral process; hyogl mem, hyoglossal membrane; hyogl sinus, hyoglossal sinus; post proj, posterior projection; postlat proc, posterolateral process; postmed proc, posteromedial process.

Figure 19 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru

Figure 19. Pectoral girdles of Melanophryne in ventral view. A, Melanophryne barbatula (MHNSM 19903). B, Melanophryne carpish (KU 45614). Only the left scapula and suprascapula are shown, and these structures have been deflected into the ventral plane for the purposes of illustration. Note the presence of a reduced clavicle and procoracoid cartilage in both species. Black and white stipple represents bone, whereas grey tone is cartilage; stippling in grey represents mineralization of the cartilage.

Figure 10 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru

Figure 10. Crania of Nelsonophyrne. Nelsonophryne aequatorialis (KU 178288) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) aspects. Nelsonophyrne aterrima (KU 30773) in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) aspects. Black and white stipple represents bone, whereas grey tone is cartilage; stippling in grey represents mineralization of the cartilage. al c, alary cartilage; ant ep em, anterior epiotic eminence; ch, choana; cr par, crista parotica; exoc, exoccipital; fpar, frontoparietal; lam, laminar bone; max, maxilla; med pnas proc, medial prenasal process; nas, nasal; neopal, neopalatine; op fen, optic fenestra; oper, operculum; p ext pl, pars externa plectri; p med pl, pars media plectri; palquad, palatoquadrate; pl ant, planum antorbitale; pmax, premaxilla; post ep em, posterior epiotic eminence; pre cer tect, precerebral tectum; pro for, prootic foramen; pro, prootic; prsph, parasphenoid; pter, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; spheneth, sphenethmoid; spmax, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; tym ann, tympanic annulus; vom, vomer.