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FIG. 8 in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 8. — Benthonellania africana (Thiele, 1925) n. comb.: A-C, lectotype, height 3.85 mm; D-F, paralectotype height 3.7 mm; G-I, paralectotype, height 3.35 mm; Valdivia Stn 251, ZMB–64955; J, K, paralectotype, detail of the first whorls; L, original label; M, original drawing (Thiele 1925, 83, pl. 6, fig. 20); N, paralectotype, detail of the teleoconch sculpture spiral on the last whorl. Valdivia Stn 251, ZMB–64955. Scale bars: J, K, N, 0.50 mm.

FIG. 9 in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 9. — Benthonellania spp. (SEM): A, B, Benthonellania hertzogi (Thiele, 1925), syntype, Agulhas-Bank (south of South Africa), height 2.85 mm, ZMB/Moll. no. 64981, shell (A), detail of the protoconch (B); C, D, Benthonella africana (Thiele, 1925) n. comb., lectotype, East Africa (off Somalia), height 3.85 mm, ZMB/ Moll. No. 64955a, shell (C), detail of the protoconch (D). Scale bars: B, D, 100 μm.

FIG. 4. — Benthonella communis n in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 4. — Benthonella communis n. sp.: A-C, holotype, height 2.2 mm, width 1.45 mm, Tarava Seamounts, TARASOC Stn DW3309 614-664 m 19°12'S, 15°35'W (MNHN-IM-2000-37670); D-F, specimen, height 2.35 mm, width 1.5 mm, Australes: BENTHAUS Stn DW1998 250-302 m 22°25'S, 151°22'W, MNHN; G, specimen, height 2.01 mm, width 1.35 mm, Australes: BENTHAUS Stn DW1998, 250-302 m, 22°25'S, 151°22'W, MNHN. Scale bars: E, F, 0.25 mm.

FIG. 7 in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 7. — Benthonellania hertzogi (Thiele, 1925), syntypes, Valdivia Stn 109 (ZMB–64981): A-C, syntype, height 2.85 mm (ZMB-64981); D-F, syntype, height 2.47 mm (ZMB-64981); G, original label; H, original drawings (Thiele 1925, 82, pl. 6, fig. 15, 16); I, J, syntype (A-C), detail of the first whorls. Scale bars: I, J: 0.25 mm.

FIG. 1 in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 1. — Map of French Polynesia with the sampling stations (◯) that yielded material examined in this revision.

FIG. 13 in Deep-water Rissoidae of the genera Benthonella Dall, 1889 and Benthonellania Lozouet, 1990 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Rissooidea) from French Polynesia

FIG. 13. — Maps of the known distribution of: A, Benthonellania hertzogi (◯), and Benthonellania thielei n. sp. and Benthonellania africana (Thiele, 1925) n. comb. (both); B, Benthonellania aequatorialis (Thiele, 1925) n. comb.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Four videos showing surface-crawling locomotion and pedal surface collection in Lymnaea stagnalis (Lymnaeidae, Gastropoda)

Many freshwater and marine gastropods can glide along the water surface with the sole of the foot facing upward. The force driving this surface-crawling locomotion is generated by the epithelial cilia on the sole, which push a ribbon of mucus produced on the anterior sole backwards into the water. If cilia on the posterior part of the sole stop beating, mucus accumulates on the posterior sole together with particles from the water surface. This so-called pedal surface collection enables gastropods to harvest edible materials from the surface. To perform pedal surface collection, the animals may either float or attach themselves with the posterior tip of the foot to solid substrates such as aquatic plants or aquarium walls. The four videos presented here show surface-crawling locomotion and pedal surface collection in the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis (L., 1758), a common holarctic species. The animals came from a pond in a forest near Frankfurt am Main, west central Germany. Shell lengths of the snails shown range from 31 to 37 mm. Videos were captured with various inexpensive digital cameras without special equipment for illumination etc. Video material was processed with ImageJ (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/) and QuickTimePro (https://support.apple.com/downloads/quicktime).   LYMNAEA-1 surface-crawling locomotion 1: Lymnaea stagnalis crawls onto the water surface from the wall of the tank it is kept in, glides along the surface, and returns to the tank wall. The animal can be seen breathing, and particles move at constant velocity along the entire sole of the crawling snail. The earliest description of this behavior I know of is found in LISTER (1694: p. 8).   LYMNAEA-2 pedal surface collection 1: (A) Lymnaea stagnalis crawls along the water surface. (B) The floating animal collects mucus and particles from the surface on its posterior sole and (C) eats the accumulated material. This is the behavior BROCKMEIER (1898) called 'Planktonfischen' (plankton fishing).   LYMNAEA-3 pedal surface collection 2: Lymnaea stagnalis attached to plants conducts pedal surface collection. Similar behavior was mentioned by KAISER (1960).   LYMNAEA-4 pedal surface collection 3: Lymnaea stagnalis conducts pedal surface collection in an upright position, being attached to a vertical solid substrate (a flower pot, in this case). Pedal surface collection in this posture has been studied previously in members of the families Ampullariidae (JOHNSON 1952) and Planorbidae (DELIAGINA & ORLOVSKY 1990).

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Figs 2–8 in A New Freshwater Gastropod Species Of The Genus Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878 From Algeria (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae)

Figs 2–8. Pseudamnicola thawintae sp. n.: 2 = holotype, shell; 3–4 = penis in situ; 5–8 = paratypes, shells

Fig. 4 in Gyliotrachela cultura, a new species of terrestrial microsnail (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Vertiginidae) from Thailand

Fig. 4. Genital system of Gyliotrachela cultura, new species. A, schematic drawing of genital system; B, genital system (paratype, NHLRU012). Abbreviations: ag = albumin gland; at = atrium; e = epiphallus; erc = epiphallic retractor caecum; fo = free oviduct; hd = hermaphroditic duct; p = penis; pr = penial retractor muscle; pro = prostate; gs = gametolytic sac; ut = uterus; v = vagina; vd = vas deferens.

Fig. 3 in Gyliotrachela cultura, a new species of terrestrial microsnail (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Vertiginidae) from Thailand

Fig. 3. Radula morphology of Gyliotrachela cultura, new species, paratype (NHLRU012). Abbreviations: C = central tooth; L = lateral teeth; M = marginal teeth.

Fig. 2. Gyliotrachela cultura, new species. A–F in Gyliotrachela cultura, a new species of terrestrial microsnail (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Vertiginidae) from Thailand

Fig. 2. Gyliotrachela cultura, new species. A–F, holotype (NHLRU011), apertural view (A), protoconch (B, C), basal view (D), lateral view (E), and apertural teeth detail (F). G–L, paratype (ZRCBUU 0750), apertural view (G), protoconch (H, I), basal view (J), lateral view (K), and apertural teeth detail (L). Abbreviations for apertural teeth: P = parietal lamella; A = angular lamella; T = twin; SupPL = suprapalatal plica; UPL = upper palatal plica; IPL = interpalatal plicae; LPL = lower palatal plica; InPL = infrapalatal plica; SubC = subcollumellar lamella; C = columellar lamella; SupC = supracolumellar plica; Infp = infraparietal lamella.

Fig. 1 in Gyliotrachela cultura, a new species of terrestrial microsnail (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Vertiginidae) from Thailand

Fig. 1. Map of Southeast Asia showing the type localities of the known Gyliotrachela spp. The numbers correspond to the species numbers listed in Table 1.

Fig. 3 in Two new species of genus Anceyoconcha S. Tumpeesuwan & C. Tumpeesuwan, in Nahok et al., 2020 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), from northeastern Thailand

Fig. 3. Shell morphology of Anceyoconcha spp. in northeastern Thailand. A, B, A. carinata, new species; A, holotype (NHMSU-00036) from Khao Plai Bat, Buri Ram; B (NHMSU-00038) from Khao Angkhan, Buri Ram. C–E, A. elongata, new species; C, holotype (NHMSU-00039) from Phu Po, Kalasin; D (NHMSU-00041) from Phu No, Kalasin; E (NHMSU-00045) from Phanom Sawai Forest Park, Surin. F, A. sp.1 (NHMSU-00043) from Pha Nam Yoi, Roi Et. G, A. siamensis (ZRCBUU-0325). H, A. rhombostoma (NHMSU-00022). Fig. 3G photograph courtesy of Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana.

Fig. 4. Anceyoconcha carinata, new species. A, B in Two new species of genus Anceyoconcha S. Tumpeesuwan & C. Tumpeesuwan, in Nahok et al., 2020 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), from northeastern Thailand

Fig. 4. Anceyoconcha carinata, new species. A, B, genital system, paratype (NHMSU-00037). C–F, inner wall of genital system; C, penis (p) and proximal portion of epiphallus (ep1); D, distal portion of epiphallus (ep2); E, flagellum (fl); F, vagina (v). G, view of transverse rows of radula, with number of lateral and marginal teeth indicated (c = central tooth); H, right side of central tooth and lateral teeth; I, right side of marginal teeth. J, natural habitat and living adult.

Fig. 1 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 1. Geographical location and habitat type of sampling sites of Pomacea species in Peninsular Malaysia.

Fig. 4 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 4. Median-joining haplotype network of Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata sequences from Peninsular Malaysia (N=108 from 90 individuals) and the native ranges (N=105) based on 409 nucleotides of the EF1α gene. The network shows the relationship between haplotypes from different geographic regions based on sequence similarity. Unique sequences within each individual were included in the alignment (sequences for homozygotes were not doubled). Node colours represent the (A) geographic location and (B) species identity of the sequences (see legends). Each node represents a unique haplotype and node size is proportional to the haplotype frequency. Branches between nodes indicate a single nucleotide substitution unless denoted by numerical values for multiple nucleotide substitutions. Red (A) and black (B) nodes represent hypothetical ancestors or unsampled haplotypes. Two major groups are framed in grey dotted lines; P. canaliculata and P. maculata.

Fig. 3 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 3. Bayesian inference phylograms depicting relationship of P. canaliculata and P. maculata from Peninsular Malaysia and Pomacea spp. from other regions based on the (A) mitochondrial COI and (B) nuclear EF1α markers. Kuantan, Tasik ChinChin, Limbat Lembu, Subang Jaya, Putrajaya, Guar Cempedak, Pasir Gudang, Sekinchan, and Temoh refer to geographic locations in Peninsular Malaysia where specimens in this study were collected. Bayesian posterior probabilities/maximum likelihood bootstrap supports are indicated by nodal values. Pomacea difussa and P. scalaris were used to root the phylogenies. Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata clades are highlighted in green and blue, respectively. Underlined taxa marked with '*' indicate interspecific heterozygous individuals whereas taxa in red and marked with '**' are COI-EF1α mito-nuclear incongruences.

Fig. 2 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 2. Representative agarose gel electrophoresis image showing the ApaLI-digested EF1α amplicons for 14 specimens from Putrajaya. The single band, two-band, and three-band RFLP profiles indicate Pomacea canaliculata, P. maculata, and interspecific heterozygous hybrids, respectively.

Fig. 2 in Two new species of genus Anceyoconcha S. Tumpeesuwan & C. Tumpeesuwan, in Nahok et al., 2020 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), from northeastern Thailand

Fig. 2. Bayesian inference (BI) tree of genera Anceyoconcha, Ganesella, and Pseudobuliminus based on the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (concatenated genes of COI, 16s rRNA, and 28S rRNA). Numbers at nodes indicate branch support based on posterior probability (BI) / bootstrapping (neighbour joining) / bootstrapping (maximum likelihood). *sequences of this study.

Fig. 1 in Two new species of genus Anceyoconcha S. Tumpeesuwan & C. Tumpeesuwan, in Nahok et al., 2020 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae), from northeastern Thailand

Fig. 1. Geographical range of Anceyoconcha (dashed line) and the recorded localities. Filled symbols: data from Nahok et al. (2020) and this study; open symbols: data from Schileyko (2011) and Sutcharit et al. (2019, 2020);?: recorded localities and taxonomic status could not be traced. Laos data from Inkhavilay et al. (2019); Vietnam data from Schileyko (2011) and Sutcharit et al. (2020).