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FIGURE 3 in Turrana ejuncida, a new species of Acanthocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) from Cape Range, Western Australia, with discussion of its systematic position and host plant associations

FIGURE 3. Turrana ejuncida sp. nov. Micro-CT images of male genitalia (WAME106179). A) pygophore and semi-inflated aedeagus, lateral view; sclerotized portions of conjunctival processes coloured green. B) anterior of aedeagus. C) right paramere. Scale bars = 100 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Turrana ejuncida, a new species of Acanthocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) from Cape Range, Western Australia, with discussion of its systematic position and host plant associations

FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Turrana ejuncida sp. nov. female (WAME106180). A) head, lateral; B) head, dorsal; C) head and thorax, ventral; D) pronotum, dorsal; E) hemelytra, detail; F) metathoracic scent gland. Anterior to left in all images.

FIGURE 1 in Turrana ejuncida, a new species of Acanthocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) from Cape Range, Western Australia, with discussion of its systematic position and host plant associations

FIGURE 1. Turrana ejuncida sp. nov. dorsal and lateral habitus images. A, B) holotype male (WAME106179); C, D) paratype female (WAME106180).

FIGURE 6 in Turrana ejuncida, a new species of Acanthocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) from Cape Range, Western Australia, with discussion of its systematic position and host plant associations

FIGURE 6. Collecting sites of Turrana ejuncida sp. nov. in Cape Range National Park. A) flowering Ipomoea yardiensis (detail in inset) on remote rocky ridge adjacent to canyon. B) Triodia epactia (inset shows dry, brown underside of plant) at side of Charles Knife Canyon Road, on ridge.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

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The impacts of host association and perturbation on symbiont fitness

Symbiosis benefits hosts in numerous ways, but much less is known about how host-association affects symbionts. While symbiont fitness can be mediated by host, symbiont, and/or environmental factors, recent works indicate that symbiont performance can depend on whether the symbiont is needed by the host, suggesting that symbiosis is not always beneficial for symbionts. To determine the impact of symbiosis on symbionts across the Tree of Life, we conducted a meta-analysis across 83 unique host-symbiont pairings under a range of spatial and temporal contexts. Specifically, we asked how symbiont fitness is altered outside of symbiosis, when host-symbiont interaction is under suboptimal conditions, or as hosts age. We found that intracellular symbionts associated with protists tend to have greater fitness outside of symbiosis, with the opposite trend for animal hosts. This result suggests that animals may be better at maintaining symbionts. Symbiont fitness also generally increased as hosts grow older. Moreover, symbionts that can proliferate in- and outside host cells performed better than those found exclusively inside or outside cells, suggesting that flexibility in growing location may help symbionts thrive. We discuss these fitness patterns in light of host-driven factors, where hosts exert influence over symbionts to suit their needs.

FIGURE 6 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating

FIGURE 6. Dated phylogeny obtained through Maximum Likelihood for endosymbiont ciliates of the Trichostomatia subclass. The red vertical line represents the radiation period of the Caprinae subfamily (Ropiquet & Hassanin 2005 a, b). The green circles represent the nodes and the possible period in millions of years of diversification of the Isotrichidae (4.3–15.5) and Ophryoscolecidae (1.0–5.7) families. My—Millions of years.

FIGURE 4 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating

FIGURE 4. Interaction network between ciliate protozoa species associated with goats and other hosts. The bars in grey and black represent some hosts that associate with ciliates and the ciliate protozoa species, respectively. The colored arrows (ranging from black to red) represent the associations between hosts and ciliate species. The size of the grey and black bars represents the hosts and ciliate species with greater or lower association, respectively (Dogiel 1928; Dehority 1974; Vasily & Mitchell 1974; Wilkinson & Van Hoven 1976; Kleynhans & Hoven 1976; Van Hoven et al. 1979; Dehority 1987; Towne et al. 1988; Dehority 1995; Selim et al. 1996; Dehority 1997; Wright & Lynn 1997; Selim et al. 1999; Dehority et al. 1999; Franzolin & Dehority 1999; Su et al. 2000; Imai et al. 2004; Talar et al. 2004; De la Fuente et al. 2006; Obanda et al. 2008; Del Valle et al. 2008; Martinele & D'Agosto 2008; Mishima et al. 2009; Booyse & Dehority 2012; Baraka 2012; Booyse et al. 2014; Booyse et al. 2015; Cerón Cucchi et al. 2016; Cedrola et al. 2016; Cedrola et al. 2017; Kimura et al. 2017; Gürelli 2017; Gürelli 2018; Cedrola et al. 2018).

FIGURE 5 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree obtained through Maximum Likelihood representing evolutionary relationships of some species of ciliates, based on 18S rDNA sequences. The red color represents species observed in studies with rumen samples from goats. Subclass Haptoria was chosen as outgroup. The values in each node of the tree mean, respectively: Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap and Bayesian inference (BI) values of posterior probability. Scale bar represents 3 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.

FIGURE 2 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating

FIGURE 2. Schematic representation of the association of ciliate protozoa genera and the host species of the Caprinae subfamily. The numbers around the circle represent the number of times a genus has been observed in a host. The colors red, pink, caramel and dark orange of the bars represent, respectively, the hosts Capra hircus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Capra pyrenaica, and Capra ibex, and the genera associated with them. The lines within the circle indicate the association between host species and the genera.

FIGURE 3 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating

FIGURE 3. Geographic and quantitative distribution of the ciliate protozoa species associated with goats. Some regions in the map (Spain, former Czechoslovakia, Italy, South Korea and Japan), were amplified for better visualization of the geographic boarders (Lubinsky 1955; Christl 1958; Imai et al. 1978; Lee 1979; Crha et al. 1985; Fernandez-Galiano & Campos 1992; Ito et al. 1995; Gurung et al. 2002; Göçmen & Atatur 2002; Göçmen et al. 2002; Mermer et al. 2003; Rastgeld & Göçmen 2003; Göçmen & Rastgeldi 2004; Talar et al. 2004; Göçmen et al. 2005; Göçmen & Karaoðlu 2005; De la Fuente et al. 2006; Mermer et al. 2006; Göçmen & Sezgin 2006; De la Fuente et al. 2009; Baraka 2012; Gürelli 2014; Gürelli et al. 2016; Mohamed 2017).

FIGURE 1 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating

FIGURE 1. Schematic drawings of the rumen ciliate species described in goats (Christl 1958; Fernandez-Galiano & Campos 1992; Göçmen & Rastgeldi 2004; Göçmen et al. 2005). A. Entodinium alpinum; B. Entodinium ibicis; C. Entodinium couturier; D. Entodinium wertheimi; E. Entodinium salmani; F. Ophryoscolex monoacanthus. G-H: frequent species in observations of caprine rumen samples; G. Isotricha prostoma; H. Dasytricha ruminantium; I. Entodinium dubardi; J. Entodinium caudatum; K. Entodinium exiguum; L. Entodinium minimum; M. Entodinium simplex; N. Entodinium longinucleatum; O. Epidinium ecaudatum. Abbreviations: ACZ, adoral ciliary zone; CV, contractile vacuole; CS, caudal spine; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; Ve, vestibulum; Sk, skeletal plate. Scale bar:10μm.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

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Database of the list for associations between host plants and fruit flies

Insects tend to feed on related hosts. Coevolution tends to be dominated by interactions resulting from plant chemistry in defense strategies, and evolution of secondary metabolisms being in response to insect herbivory remains a classic explanation of coevolution. The present study examines whether evolutionary constraints existing in host associations of economically important fruit flies in the species-rich tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to what extent these species have evolved specialized dietary patterns. We found a strong effect of host phylogeny on associations on the 37 fruit flies tested, although the fruit fly species feeding on ripe commercially grown fruits that lost the toxic compounds after long domestication are mostly polyphagous. We assessed the phylogenetic signal of host breadth across the fruit fly species, showing that the results were substantially different depending on partition levels. Further, we mapped main host family associations onto the fruit fly phylogeny and Cucurbitaceae has been inferred as the most likely ancestral host family for Dacini based on ancestral state reconstruction.

opennotspecifiedMay 2015View details →

FIGURE 7 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

FIGURE 7. Caloptilia mwamba sp. nov., basal part of tegumen and vinculum, holotype, gen. prep. De Prins 3835♂.

opennotspecifiedMay 2015View details →

FIGURE 21. Male genitalia, paratype RMCA ENT 000002497 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

FIGURE 21. Male genitalia, paratype RMCA ENT 000002497, gen. prep. De Prins 3838♂ (RMCA 00709), aedoeagus. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURES 1–6. 1 in Identification key, diversity and host associations of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphids attacking cereal crops in Egypt

FIGURES 1–6. 1. Aphidius matricariae, maxillary and labial palpi; 2. Aphidius colemani, forewing; 3. Aphidius matricariae, forewing; 4. Aphidius transcaspicus, forewing; 5. Aphidius uzbekistanicus, forewing; 6. Binodoxys angelicae, forewing.

FIGURE 19 in Identification key, diversity and host associations of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphids attacking cereal crops in Egypt

FIGURE 19. Map of Egypt with sampled localities (present and previous studies): 1, Kafr El-Sheikh; 2, Gharbia; 3, Menofia; 4, Behaara; 5, Dakahlia, 6, Sharkia; 7, Qalubia; 8, Ismailia; 9, Giza; 10, Beni-Suef; 11, Assiut; 12, Sohag; 13, Dakhla-New Valley; 14, Kharga- New Valley.

FIGURES 13–18. 13 in Identification key, diversity and host associations of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphids attacking cereal crops in Egypt

FIGURES 13–18. 13. Aphidius matricariae, anterolateral aspect of petiole; 14. Aphidius rhopalosiphi, anterolateral aspect of petiole; 15. Aphidius uzbekistanicus, anterolateral aspect of petiole; 16. Binodoxys angelicae, lateral aspect of ovipositor sheath; 17. Binodoxys angelicae, lateral aspect of last sternal prong; 18. Diaeretiella rapae, lateral aspect of ovipositor sheath.

FIGURES 7–12. 7 in Identification key, diversity and host associations of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphids attacking cereal crops in Egypt

FIGURES 7–12. 7. Diaeretiella rapae, forewing; 8. Ephedrus persicae, forewing; 9. Lysiphlebus fabarum, forewing; 10. Praon volucre, forewing; 11. Aphidius colemani, anterolateral aspect of petiole; 12. Aphidius ervi, anterolateral aspect of petiole.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Supplementary material 2 from: Tang C-T, Mikó I, Nicholls JA, Schwéger S, Yang M-M, Stone GN, Sinclair F, Bozsó M, Melika G, Pénzes Z (2016) New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non-Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53: 77-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.53.9890

Semantic statements of natural language phenotypes composed in Protégé 5.0 (http://protege.stanford.edu/) using the OWL Manchester syntax. : Explanation note: Semantic statements of natural language phenotypes composed in Protégé 5.0 (http://protege.stanford.edu/) using the OWL Manchester syntax.