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FIG. 6. — A in Spatial Distribution and Substrate Preferences of Bryophyte Species in Mangrove Ecosystems of the East Coast of Marajó Island, Brazil
FIG. 6. — A, mean richness; B, density of bryophytes in the sampled mangroves per substrate; C, interaction plot between sampled zones and substrate on mean richness of bryophytes; D, interaction plot between sampled zones and substrate on mean density of bryophytes.
Fig 9 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 9 Frequencies of Patanga japonica last instar nymphs that hatched on June 14, July 21, and August 12 and reared in a group in outdoor cages. For black patterning grades, see Fig. 1.
Fig 8 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 8 Effects of visual stimuli from five nymphs on the induction of black patterns in isolated-reared nymphs of Patanga japonica. A. Experimental setup; B. Frequencies of last instar test nymphs in different black patterning grades; C. Body colors in the three grades observed. For black patterning grades, see Fig. 1.
Fig 7 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 7 Solitary-reared (A, grade 1), group-reared (B, grade 5), and CRZ-injected (C, grade 5) last instar nymphs of Patanga japonica at 30°C and individual reared in a group at 34°C (D, grade 2). The individual in C was reared in isolation and green when injected with 1 nmol CRZ at the fourth stadium. For black patterning grades, see Fig. 1.
Fig 6 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 6 Effects of crowding on the frequencies of Patanga japonica last instar nymphs in different black patterning grades in black, yellow-green (Y-green), and white containers. Five nymphs were reared in each container from May 31 to August 15 at room temperature (25.1°C on average). For black patterning grades, see Fig. 1.
Fig 5 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 5 Body color of Patanga japonica nymphs reared in a group at room temperature. Black patterns appeared at the second stadium onward. The penultimate and last nymphal instars were identified based on wing pad size.
Fig 4 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 4 Effects of substrate color on the frequencies of Patanga japonica last instar nymphs with different background body colors (A), with reddish legs (B), and in different black patterning grades (C). Nymphs were reared individually in black, yellow-green (Y-green) and white containers from May 31 to August 15 at room temperature (25.1°C on average). Different letters in B indicate significant differences in proportions by a χ2 test at 5%. For body colors and black patterning grades, see Fig. 1.
Fig 2 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 2 Variation in body color of Patanga japonica last instar nymphs. Photographs were taken on September 1 (A), October 11 (B), October 21 (C), November 11 (D), September 29 (E), and September 27, 2021 (F).
Fig 3 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 3 Proportions of green and non-green Patanga japonica last instar nymphs observed at a study site in Tsukuba in 2021.
Fig 14 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 14 Body color of Patanga japonica adults. A–D. Variation in body color in field-collected adults; E. Adult reared at 34°C; F. Adults on leaf litter (yellow arrows); G. Non-pigmented and reddish hindwings observed in adults before (left) and after overwintering (right). Black male adult in D was collected on July 7, 2021. Scales are adjusted to make body sizes approximately equal except for F.
Fig 13 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 13 Examples of exuviae shed by Patanga japonica last instar nymphs after various treatments. Exuviae had no color with only a thin black line on the hind femurs in singly reared green nymphs (A), black patterns with a yellow background color in crowd-reared nymphs kept at room temperature (B), and in corazonin-injected nymphs kept at a high temperature (C), and had a few black areas with a bright yellow background color in the thoracic area in nymphs reared at a high temperature (D).
Fig 11 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 11 Body color of Patanga japonica adults that were injected with oil alone (left) or 1 nmol CRZ (right) at the fourth stadium and a darkened uninjected old female observed on June 18 in an outdoor cage (bottom).
Fig 12 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 12 Effect of high temperature on black patterning in Patanga japonica. Frequencies of last instar nymphs in different grades after transfer from outdoor conditions to 34°C and LD 12:12h at the third stadium (September 28, 2022) or kept outdoors continuously as a control (A). Examples showing body color variation at the last nymphal instar under outdoor conditions (B–E) and at 34°C (F–H). Last instar nymph that was injected with CRZ at the fourth stadium and then singly kept at 34°C (I). Black patterning grades are based on Fig. 1.
Fig 1 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 1 Examples of the different body colors of the last instar nymphs of Patanga japonica observed during experiments. A. Variation in background color; B. Black patterning grades; C. Nymphs with green and reddish legs. In B, grade 1, no black patterns and only brownish spots or patterns on the abdomen; grade 2, black patterns on the abdomen and some or no brown spots on the thorax; grade 3, distinct black patterns both on the thorax and abdomen but the lateral sides of pronotum without black spots; grade 4, as in grade 3 but the lateral sides of pronotum with distinct black spots; grade 5, as in grade 4 but the lateral sides of pronotum with black markings.
Fig 10 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 10 Body and face color of Patanga japonica penultimate (top, middle) and last (bottom) instar nymphs after injections with oil alone (A) and with 1 nmol CRZ (B) at the fourth stadium singly kept in yellow-green containers (30°C). Black patterning grades are based on Fig. 1.
Supplementary material 1 from: Oishi EM, Kattler KR, Watkins HV, Howard BR, Côté IM (2024) Substrate complexity reduces prey consumption in functional response experiments: Implications for extrapolating to the wild. NeoBiota 91: 49-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.91.111222
Supplementary data
Figure 3 from: Hershberger WL (2021) Substrate-borne vibrations used during acoustic communication and the existence of courtship songs in some species of the genus Anaxipha (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.70990
Figure 3 Mean number of drumming bouts performed during different portions of calling songs in A. tinnulacita showing standard error of the means. The occurrence of drumming was variable from one calling song to the next. Consistently, more drumming bouts were given during the first 40 percent and the last 20 percent of the major echemes of calling song (n = 14 songs, 1218 drumming bouts total).
Figure 2 from: Hershberger WL (2021) Substrate-borne vibrations used during acoustic communication and the existence of courtship songs in some species of the genus Anaxipha (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.70990
Figure 2 Percent usage of different length drumming bouts during calling songs in A. tinnulacita. (n = 24 songs; 1,503 tapping bouts; error bars are ±SD of the means).
Figure 6 from: Hershberger WL (2021) Substrate-borne vibrations used during acoustic communication and the existence of courtship songs in some species of the genus Anaxipha (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Trigonidiinae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.70990
Figure 6 Audio spectrograms of courtship songs of four species of Anaxipha showing drumming bouts (below 2 kHz) and tegminal sounds (above 4 kHz). Low frequencies (below 2 kHz) were enhanced to better show the low-frequency drumming bouts. A.Anaxipha exigua, dark areas below 1 kHz are drumming bouts; B.Anaxipha tinnulacita, fine, dark lines after 1:05 (min:sec) are the drumming bouts; C.Anaxipha tinnulenta, the dark areas after 5 sec and below 2 kHz are the drumming bouts; D.Anaxipha thomasi, the compact dark areas below 2 kHz are the drumming bouts. The clustered, individual taps between drumming bouts are sounds made by the insect jumping repeatedly and rapidly between echemes during the courtship display. Note that the time scales for each courtship song are different, as each species courtship song length is different and variable.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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