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768 results for “sympatric species”
Data from: Are sympatrically speciating Midas cichlid fish special? Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the closely related species Archocentrus centrarchus
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Effects of seed mass on seed foraging behaviors of two sympatric rodent species
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Differences in ontogenetic and diurnal microhabitat selection by sympatric live-bearing fish species with different reproductive modes
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Figure 3 from: Barroso CX, Pereira de Freitas JE, Matthews-Cascon H, Arruda Bezerra LE, da Cruz Lotufo TM (2020) Molecular evidences confirm the taxonomic separation of two sympatric congeneric species (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritidae, Neritina). ZooKeys 904: 117-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.904.46790
Figure 3 Colour patterns of shells, opercula, and radulae of the Neritina virginea and Neritina meleagris analysed. The red arrows highlight the differences between the leading edges of colour patterns of both species: N. virginea has the leading edges outlined in heavy black, while N. meleagris has the leading edge outlined in white or black and white. ANeritina virginea_1 BNeritina virginea_2 CNeritina virginea_3 DNeritina virginea_4 ENeritina meleagris_1 FNeritina meleagris_2 GNeritina meleagris_3 HNeritina meleagris_4 I ventral view of shell of Neritina virgineaJ operculum (outer and inner views) of Neritina virgineaK ventral view of shell of Neritina meleagrisL operculum (outer and inner views) of Neritina meleagrisM radula of Neritina virginea (SEM), with rachidian tooth enlarged in the upper left quadrant N radula of Neritina meleagris (SEM), with rachidian tooth enlarged in the upper left quadrant. Abbreviations: l1 first lateral tooth, l4 fourth lateral tooth, m marginal teeth, r rachidian tooth. The specimens with the number "1" are from Camocim beach (Ceará State, NE Brazil) and those with numbers "2", "3", and "4" are from Barra Grande beach (Piauí State, NE Brazil). The numbered specimens of N. virginea (1, 2, 3, and 4) and N. meleagris (1, 2, 3, and 4) are the same specimens used in the phylogenetic analysis of Figure 1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–L); 100 μm (M, N).
Figure 2 from: Barroso CX, Pereira de Freitas JE, Matthews-Cascon H, Arruda Bezerra LE, da Cruz Lotufo TM (2020) Molecular evidences confirm the taxonomic separation of two sympatric congeneric species (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritidae, Neritina). ZooKeys 904: 117-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.904.46790
Figure 2 Statistical parsimony network analysis (TCS algorithm) based on 64 partial mitochondrial COI sequences (347 bp). This analysis included specimens of Neritina meleagris and Neritina virginea from the Caribbean and Brazilian Provinces. Size of the circle is proportional to frequency of the haplotype and colours inside the circles designate geographical locations to which the samples belong. Black circles correspond to hypothetical haplotypes. The number of mutational steps is indicated by dashes on branches. We highlighted the 36 mutational steps that separate the two species haplotypes.
Figure 1 from: Barroso CX, Pereira de Freitas JE, Matthews-Cascon H, Arruda Bezerra LE, da Cruz Lotufo TM (2020) Molecular evidences confirm the taxonomic separation of two sympatric congeneric species (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritidae, Neritina). ZooKeys 904: 117-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.904.46790
Figure 1 Molecular phylogenetic hypothesis (Bayesian tree) of some species of Neritidae of the Western Atlantic. The Bayesian tree was based on partial mitochondrial COI and 16S sequences. The Neritina meleagris and Neritina virginea clades (ingroup) are highlighted. The other taxa were used as outgroup. Numbers on and below the main branches represent the posterior Bayesian probabilities (BP) (>0.90) and bootstrap values for maximum likelihood (ML) (>70%), respectively. Specimens with the number "1" are from Camocim beach (Ceará State, NE Brazil) and those with numbers "2", "3", and "4" are from Barra Grande beach (Piauí State, NE Brazil). The numbered specimens of N. virginea (1, 2, 3, and 4) and N. meleagris (1, 2, 3, and 4) are the same specimens shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 5 in Discrimination of habitat use between two sympatric species of mullets, Mugil curema and Mugil liza (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) in the rio Tramandaí Estuary, determined by otolith chemistry
Fig. 5. Mugil curema. Ba137:Ca43 variations (µmol.mol-1) along transects from the core to the edge of the otolith. Individuals were from the rio Tramandaí Estuary, Brazil. The horizontal gray bands between the Ba137:Ca43 ratios of 0.05 and 0.18 indicate migration in brackish waters (see M&M).
Fig. 6 in Discrimination of habitat use between two sympatric species of mullets, Mugil curema and Mugil liza (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) in the rio Tramandaí Estuary, determined by otolith chemistry
Fig. 6. Mugil liza. Ba137:Ca43 variations (µmol.mol-1) along transects from the core to the edge of the otolith. Individuals were from the rio Tramandaí Estuary, Brazil. The horizontal gray bands between the Ba137:Ca43 ratios of 0.05 and 0.18 indicate migration in brackish waters (see M&M).
Figure 2 from: Monjardim M, Azevedo CO, Fagundes V (2020) DNA barcoding and hypopygium shape support delimitation of sympatric Dissomphalus species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest. ZooKeys 959: 87-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.959.53737
Figure 2 A bayesian consensus tree generated from the 304-bp COI from 29 representatives of the species complex. Posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap (BT) indicated above branches. The species D. thaianus, D. wusheanus and D. chiangmaiensis were used as outgroups to root the tree B–D hypopygium magnified 9.2×, corresponding to each clade.
Figure 1 from: Monjardim M, Azevedo CO, Fagundes V (2020) DNA barcoding and hypopygium shape support delimitation of sympatric Dissomphalus species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest. ZooKeys 959: 87-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.959.53737
Figure 1 Locations of the samples in Brazil and Paraguay (see Appendix I for geographic coordinates).
Patterns of Thermal Sensitivity and Sex-Specificity of Courtship Behavior Differs Between Two Sympatric Species of Enchenopa Treehopper
<p> </p> <p>Predicting how insects will react to future thermal conditions requires understanding how temperature currently affects insect behavior, from performance traits to those involved in mating and reproduction. Many reproductive behaviors are thermally-sensitive, but little is known how temperature affects the behaviors used to find mates and coordinate mating. Here, we investigate how temperature influences courtship activity in two sympatric species of <i>Enchenopa </i>treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae). <i>Enchenopa </i>use substrate-borne vibrational signals exchanged in male-female duets to facilitate pair formation prior to mating. In a controlled laboratory setting, we assessed the likelihood of males and females to produce courtship signals across a range of ecologically relevant temperatures. We found that changes in courtship activity across temperatures differed between the two species. We also found sex differences within species: in one species males were more likely to signal at higher temperatures, while in the other species females were more likely to signal at higher temperatures. Our results suggest that sex-specific responses to temperature may constrain mating to narrower ranges of temperatures. Furthermore, sympatric species may respond differently to changes in thermal variation despite sharing similar climactic history.<br> </p>
FIGURE 13 in On the putatively incorrect identification and "redescription" of Paratropis elicioi Dupérré 2015 (Paratropididae, Araneae) with the description of two new sympatric species from Ecuador
FIGURE 13. Paratropis otonga sp. n. (holotype), habitus (alive) semi-lateral view.
Data from: An integrative approach to detect subtle trophic niche differentiation in the sympatric trawling bat species Myotis dasycneme and Myotis daubentonii
Bats are well known for species richness and ecological diversity thus they provide a good opportunity to study relationships and interaction between species. To assess interactions we consider distinct traits which are likely to be triggered by niche shape and evolutionary processes. We present data on the trophic niche differentiation between two sympatric European trawling bat species, Myotis dasycneme and M. daubentonii, incorporating a wide spectrum of methodological approaches. We measure morphological traits involved in foraging and prey handling performance including bite force, weight lifting capacity and wing morphology. We then measure resulting prey consumption using both morphological and molecular diet analysis. These species closely resemble each other in morphological traits however, subtle but significant differences were apparent in bite force and lift capacity which are related to differences in basic body and head size. Both morphological and molecular diet analyses show strong niche overlap. We detected subtle differences in less frequent prey items, as well as differences in the exploitation of terrestrial and aquatic-based prey groups. M. dasycneme feeds more on aquatic prey, like Chironomidae and their pupal stages, or the aquatic moth Acentria ephemerella. M. daubentonii feeds more on terrestrial prey, like Brachycera, or Coleoptera. This suggests that these bats use different micro-habitats within the habitat where they co-occur.
Data from: Targeted sequence capture and resequencing implies a predominant role of regulatory regions in the divergence of a sympatric lake whitefish species pair (Coregonus clupeaformis)
Latest technological developments in evolutionary biology bring new challenges in documenting the intricate genetic architecture of species in the process of divergence. Sympatric populations of lake whitefish represent one of the key systems to investigate this issue. Despite the value of random genotype-by-sequencing methods and decreasing cost of sequencing technologies, it remains challenging to investigate variation in coding regions, especially in the case of recently duplicated genomes as in salmonids, as this greatly complicates whole genome resequencing. We thus designed a sequence capture array targeting 2773 annotated genes to document the nature and the extent of genomic divergence between sympatric dwarf and normal whitefish. Among the 2728 genes successfully captured, a total of 2182 coding and 10 415 noncoding putative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified after applying a first set of basic filters. A genome scan with a quality-refined selection of 2203 SNPs identified 267 outlier SNPs in 210 candidate genes located in genomic regions potentially involved in whitefish divergence and reproductive isolation. We found highly heterogeneous FST estimates among SNP loci. There was an overall low level of coding polymorphism, with a predominance of noncoding mutations among outliers. The heterogeneous patterns of divergence among loci confirm the porous nature of genomes during speciation with gene flow. Considering that few protein-coding mutations were identified as highly divergent, our results, along with previous transcriptomic studies, imply that changes in regulatory regions most likely had a greater role in the process of whitefish population divergence than protein-coding mutations. This study is the first to demonstrate the efficiency of large-scale targeted resequencing for a nonmodel species with such a large and unsequenced genome.
Data from: Phenotypic plasticity of mate recognition systems prevents sexual interference between two sympatric leaf beetle species
Maladaptive sexual interactions among heterospecific individuals (sexual interference) can prevent the coexistence of animal species. Thus, the avoidance of sexual interference by divergence of mate recognition systems is crucial for a stable coexistence in sympatry. Mate recognition systems are thought to be under tight genetic control. However, we demonstrate that mate recognition systems of two closely related sympatric leaf beetle species show a high level of host-induced phenotypic plasticity. Mate choice in the mustard leaf beetles, Phaedon cochleariae and P. armoraciae, is mediated by cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Divergent host plant use causes a divergence of CHC phenotypes, whereas similar host use leads to their convergence. Consequently, both species exhibit significant behavioral isolation when they feed on alternative host species, but mate randomly when using a common host. Thus, sexual interference between these syntopic leaf beetles is prevented by host-induced phenotypic plasticity rather than by genotypic divergence of mate recognition systems.
Data from: Niche partitioning in a sympatric cryptic species complex
Competition theory states that multiple species should not be able to occupy the same niche indefinitely. Morphologically, similar species are expected to be ecologically alike and exhibit little niche differentiation, which makes it difficult to explain the co-occurrence of cryptic species. Here, we investigated interspecific niche differentiation within a complex of cryptic bumblebee species that co-occur extensively in the United Kingdom. We compared the interspecific variation along different niche dimensions, to determine how they partition a niche to avoid competitive exclusion. We studied the species B. cryptarum, B. lucorum, and B. magnus at a single location in the northwest of Scotland throughout the flight season. Using mitochondrial DNA for species identification, we investigated differences in phenology, response to weather variables and forage use. We also estimated niche region and niche overlap between different castes of the three species. Our results show varying levels of niche partitioning between the bumblebee species along three niche dimensions. The species had contrasting phenologies: The phenology of B. magnus was delayed relative to the other two species, while B. cryptarum had a relatively extended phenology, with workers and males more common than B. lucorum early and late in the season. We found divergent thermal specialisation: In contrast to B. cryptarum and B. magnus, B. lucorum worker activity was skewed toward warmer, sunnier conditions, leading to interspecific temporal variation. Furthermore, the three species differentially exploited the available forage plants: In particular, unlike the other two species, B. magnus fed predominantly on species of heather. The results suggest that ecological divergence in different niche dimensions and spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the environment may contribute to the persistence of cryptic species in sympatry. Furthermore, our study suggests that cryptic species provide distinct and unique ecosystem services, demonstrating that morphological similarity does not necessarily equate to ecological equivalence.
Data from: From steps to home range formation: species-specific movement upscaling among sympatric ungulates
Animals move to interact with the environment in order to find food resources and cover. Intrinsic characteristics affecting feeding and antipredatory strategies likely shape variation in movement patterns and home range formation between individuals, populations and species. Browsing herbivores selectively forage on patchily distributed resources in areas with more canopy cover, whereas mixed feeders and grazers feed on more open grasslands and tend to aggregate as an antipredatory strategy. We therefore predicted that at small temporal scales, browsers will show greater net displacements (i.e. typical of searching patterns) than mixed feeders or grazers; but at larger temporal scales, we expect the opposite pattern, since gregarious species will need to use larger areas to feed the whole herd. We also predicted that the feeding/antipredatory strategy will determine the behavioural responses to other environmental factors. To test this, we compared spatial movement patterns at multiple scales (from 20-min intervals to annual home ranges) of three sympatric, similar-sized, alpine ungulates which differ in their feeding/antipredatory strategy: roe deer (solitary browsers), mouflon (gregarious grazers) and chamois (intermediate feeders in smaller groups). We used location data from GPS-collared females of the three species in the French Alps. As predicted, we found that multi-scale spatial patterns depended on the feeding/antipredatory strategy. Browsers foraged within smaller range areas, searching back and forth. Mixed feeders and, especially, grazers covered larger areas, presumably to satisfy herd needs. The feeding/antipredatory strategies also determined the interspecific variability in behavioural responses to factors such as maternal status, weather, habitat type or human disturbance, supporting our hypothesis. Exploring interspecific variability, we showed how movement behaviour and home range formation vary substantially, even among species within the same guild. This mechanism might be important to maintain intra-guild multi-species associations and increase biodiversity, through contributing to niche segregation and, thus, coexistence.
Data from: Can newts cope with the heat? Disparate thermoregulatory strategies of two sympatric species in water
Many ectotherms effectively reduce their exposure to low or high environmental temperatures using behavioral thermoregulation. In terrestrial ectotherms, thermoregulatory strategies range from accurate thermoregulation to thermoconformity according to the costs and limits of thermoregulation, while in aquatic taxa the quantification of behavioral thermoregulation have received limited attention. We examined thermoregulation in two sympatric newt species, Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton vulgaris, exposed to elevated water temperatures under semi-natural conditions. According to a recent theory, we predicted that species for which elevated water temperatures pose a lower thermal quality habitat, would thermoregulate more effectively than species in thermally benign conditions. In the laboratory thermal gradient, L. vulgaris maintained higher body temperatures than I. alpestris. Semi-natural thermal conditions provided better thermal quality of habitat for L. vulgaris than for I. alpestris. Thermoregulatory indices indicated that I. alpestris actively thermoregulated its body temperature, whereas L. vulgaris remained passive to the thermal heterogeneity of aquatic environment. In the face of elevated water temperatures, sympatric newt species employed disparate thermoregulatory strategies according to the species-specific quality of the thermal habitat. Both strategies reduced newt exposure to suboptimal water temperatures with the same accuracy but with or without the costs of thermoregulation. The quantification of behavioral thermoregulation proves to be an important conceptual and methodological tool for thermal ecology studies not only in terrestrial but also in aquatic ectotherms.
FIGURES 12 in A sympatric species pair: Spogostylum ocyale (Wiedemann, 1828) and S. griseipenne Macquart, 1850 (Diptera: Bombyliidae)
FIGURES 12. Wings of Spogostylum species. 1. S. ocyale (Wiedemann). 2. S. griseipenne (Macquart).
FIGURE 2 in Another new, diminutive Rock Gecko (Cnemaspis Strauch) from Peninsular Malaysia and a discussion of resource partitioning in sympatric species pairs
FIGURE 2. Dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) view of holotype (ZRC 6695).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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