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FIGURES 7–11. Thremma sardoum Costa 1884, final instar larva. 7 in Discriminatory matrix for the larvae of the European Thremma species (Trichoptera: Thremmatidae)

FIGURES 7–11. Thremma sardoum Costa 1884, final instar larva. 7, meso- and metathoraces, right lateral (m = epimeron; ms = mesonotum; mt = metanotum; ps = pleural suture; s = episternum; sa1–sa3 = setal areas 1–3). 8, metathorax and abdominal segments I and II, dorsal (dp = dorsal protuberance; lp = lateral protuberance; mt = metathorax; sa1–sa3 = setal areas 1–3). 9, right foreleg, posterior face (c = central area of pleural suture; m = epimeron; s = episternum; t = foretrochantin). 10, right midleg, posterior face. 11, right hind leg, posterior face. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 34–36 in A new and poorly known clearwing moth of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 ["1816"] from the European part of Russia and northwestern Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)

FIGURES 34–36. Life history of Bembecia sareptana (Bartel, 1912). 34) Oxytropis floribunda (Pall.) DC (Fabaceae), the host plant; 35) a dried host plant damaged by a larva; 36) habitat, Russia, Orenburg Region, 5 km NW of Olkhovka, 26.V.1998.

FIGURES 37–39 in A new and poorly known clearwing moth of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 ["1816"] from the European part of Russia and northwestern Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)

FIGURES 37–39. Life history of Bembecia pallasi sp. nov. 37) Astragalus longipetalus Chater (Fabaceae), the host plant. Kazakhstan, Atyrau Reg., 60 km NE Kulsary, Imankara, 10.V.1997; 38) A. wolgensis Bunge, a probable host plant. Russia, Orenburg Region, 10 km W of Podgornoye, 25.V.1998; 39) habitat (type locality), Kazakhstan, Atyrau Reg., 60 km NE Kulsary, Imankara, 10.V.1997.

FIGURES 32–33 in A new and poorly known clearwing moth of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 ["1816"] from the European part of Russia and northwestern Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)

FIGURES 32–33. Freshly emerged males of Bembecia spp. 32) B. sareptana (Bartel, 1912). Russia, Orenburg Region, 5 km NW of Olkhovka, 26.V.1998, ex pupae from a root of Oxytropis floribunda (Pall.) DC (Fabaceae), moths emerged 29.V.1998; 33) B. pallasi sp. nov. holotype. Kazakhstan, Atyrau Reg., 60 km NE Kulsary, Imankara, 08–10.V.1997, ex larva from a root of Astragalus longipetalus Chater (Fabaceae), moth emerged 2.VI.1997.

FIGURES 27–31 in A new and poorly known clearwing moth of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 ["1816"] from the European part of Russia and northwestern Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)

FIGURES 27–31. Genitalia of Bembecia pallasi sp. nov. 27–30. ♂ genitalia, paratype. Genital preparation № OG–027-1997. 27) tegumen-uncus complex; 28) valva; 29) saccus; 30) aedeagus. 31) ♀ genitalia, paratype. Genitalia preparation № OG–051- 1997. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 11–16 in A new and poorly known clearwing moth of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 ["1816"] from the European part of Russia and northwestern Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)

FIGURES 11–16. Genitalia of Bembecia sareptana (Bartel, 1912). 11–15. ♂ genitalia. Genital preparation № OG–006-1998. 11) tegumen-uncus complex; 12) valva; 13) saccus; 14) aedeagus; 15) vesica. 16) ♀ genitalia. Genitalia preparation № OG–007- 1998. Scale bar: 0.5 mm for 11–14 and 16, 0.2 mm for 15.

FIGURES 1–10 in A new and poorly known clearwing moth of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 ["1816"] from the European part of Russia and northwestern Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)

FIGURES 1–10. Variability of Bembecia sareptana (Bartel, 1912). Russia, Orenburg Region, 5 km NW of Ol'khovka, 26.V.1998, ex p., O. Gorbunov leg. 1) ♂, upside. Sesiidae picture № 0149–2013. Alar expanse 21.0 mm; 2) ditto underside. Sesiidae picture № 0150–2013; 3) ♂, upside. Sesiidae picture № 0319–20136. Alar expanse 21.4 mm; 4) ditto underside. Sesi- idae picture № 0320–2013; 5) ♂, upside. Sesiidae picture № 0321–20136. Alar expanse 22.0 mm; 6) ditto underside. Sesiidae picture № 0322–2013; 7) ♀, upside. Sesiidae picture № 0153–2013. Alar expanse 18.5 mm; 8) ditto underside. Sesiidae picture № 0154–2013. 9) ♀, upside. Sesiidae picture № 0317–2013. Alar expanse 25.0 mm; 10) ditto underside. Sesiidae picture № 0318–2013.

FIGURES 17–26 in A new and poorly known clearwing moth of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 ["1816"] from the European part of Russia and northwestern Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)

FIGURES 17–26. Variability of Bembecia pallasi sp. nov. 17) ♂ holotype, upside. Sesiidae picture № 0211–2015. Alar expanse 20.5 mm; 18) ditto underside. Sesiidae picture № 0212–2015; 19) ♂ paratype, upside. Sesiidae picture № 0183–2014. Alar expanse 20.0 mm; 20) ditto underside. Sesiidae picture № 0184–2014; 21) ♂ paratype, upside. Sesiidae picture № 0189–2014. Alar expanse 18.0 mm; 22) ditto underside. Sesiidae picture № 0190–2014; 23) ♂ paratype, upside. Sesiidae picture № 0197– 2014. Alar expanse 20.5 mm; 24) ditto underside. Sesiidae picture № 0198–2014; 25) ♀ paratype, upside. Sesiidae picture № 0213–2015. Alar expanse 21.3 mm; 26) ditto underside. Sesiidae picture № 0214–2015.

FIGURE 9 in A further review of European Magelonidae (Annelida), including redescriptions of Magelona equilamellae and Magelona filiformis

FIGURE 9. Magelona filiformis, holotype (BMNH 1959.4.2.1A–B): (A) LH parapodia of chaetigers 9 and 10 (ventro-lateral view); (B) LH parapodia of chaetigers 11–13 (ventro-lateral view); (C) LH abdominal parapodia from chaetiger 19 (ventrolateral view); (D) chaetigers 24–25 (ventral view); (E) LH parapodia of chaetiger 64 (ventral view); (F) pygidium and last four chaetigers (ventral view, anus just visible); (G) tridentate abdominal hooded hooks (frontal view) from chaetiger 43; (H) tridentate abdominal hooded hooks (lateral view) from chaetiger 45 (small hook visible adjacent to lateral lamellae). (A) Anus; (AC) Anal cirri; (Ne) Neuropodia; (No) Notopodia; (Pre) Prechaetal; (STH) Small tridentate hook.

FIGURE 8 in A further review of European Magelonidae (Annelida), including redescriptions of Magelona equilamellae and Magelona filiformis

FIGURE 8. Magelona filiformis, holotype (BMNH 1959.4.2.1A–B, slide mounted, thorax in a lateral position): (A) prostomium and first two chaetigers (lateral view, burrowing organ partially everted, both palps attached); (B) prostomium (lateral view); (C, D) palp sections (lateral views, proximal and distal respectively); (E, G, I, K, M, P, R) notopodial lamellae of chaetigers 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 respectively; (J, S) neuropodial lamellae of chaetigers 4 and 9 respectively; (F, H, L, N, O, Q) parapodia of chaetigers 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 respectively. (BO) Burrowing organ; (Ne) Neuropodia; (No) Notopodia; (Pp) Palp; (Post) Postchaetal; (Pr) Prostomium; (Pre) Prechaetal; (SDL) Superior dorsal lobe. Scale bars (E–S) = 100 µm.

FIGURE 7 in A further review of European Magelonidae (Annelida), including redescriptions of Magelona equilamellae and Magelona filiformis

FIGURE 7. Magelona filiformis, paratypes (BMNH 1959.4.2.6–10, (A, B) "pink female" individual; (C–G) "dark male" individual. N.B. Wilson's original label stated "?cork staining" [sic], suggesting the dark worms were so because of leaching from the cork that stoppered the vial: (A) anterior and many abdominal segments (initially dorsal view becoming lateral in more abdominal chaetigers); (B) prostomium and first two chaetigers (dorsal view, burrowing organ partially everted, oval. Abdominal segments visible underneath prostomium); (C) prostomium and first three chaetigers (dorso-lateral view); (D, E) anterior and first few abdominal segments (dorso-lateral and ventro-lateral views respectively); (F, G) thoracic-abdominal junction (dorsolateral and ventro-lateral views respectively). (BO) Burrowing organ; (No) Notopodium; (Ne) Neuropodium.

FIGURE 2 in A further review of European Magelonidae (Annelida), including redescriptions of Magelona equilamellae and Magelona filiformis

FIGURE 2. Magelona equilamellae, larger syntype (SMF 4675): (A) anterior (dorso-lateral view, both palps visible, incomplete); (B) prostomium and first two chaetigers (dorso-lateral view); (C) venter between chaetigers 7 (left) to 11 (right) (ventrolateral view); (D) anterior (dorsal view); (E) anterior (ventral view, both palps visible, incomplete). (D, E) stained with methyl green.

FIGURE 11 in A further review of European Magelonidae (Annelida), including redescriptions of Magelona equilamellae and Magelona filiformis

FIGURE 11. European Magelona species: M. minuta, M. filiformis, M. lusitanica, M. johnstoni, M. mirabilis, M. alleni, M. equilamellae and M. wilsoni (adapted from Mills & Mortimer 2018; Mortimer & Mackie 2014 and Mills & Mortimer 2019a and current study (M. lusitanica, paratype NMW.Z.2010.010.0004; M. wilsoni, NMW.Z.2010.010.0008)). (Photos of M. johnstoni, M. mirabilis, M. alleni by Andrew Mackie).

FIGURE 10 in A further review of European Magelonidae (Annelida), including redescriptions of Magelona equilamellae and Magelona filiformis

FIGURE 10. Magelona filiformis minuta, syntype (BMNH 1959.4.2.11–13): (A, C) anterior (dorsal view, latter stained with methyl green); (B) anterior (ventral view). Right hand palp retained, broken.

FIGURE 17 in European Lepidocyrtus lignorum-group, new findings and redescritpion of Lepidocyrtus pulchellus Denis, 1926 (Collembola, Entomobryidae)

FIGURE 17. Lepidocyrtus lignorum-group, lateral habitus of all European species currently included in the group. On the left side of the figure, species without body pigmentation are represented, in the center species with pigment forming dots or bands, on the right side species with pigment spread on the thorax and abdomen (above—less pigmented species, below—more pigmented species). Image of L. vexillosus extracted from http://v3.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=398041. Image of L. instratus extracted from Handschin (1924). The image of L. pulchellus correspond to one specimen of sample LP389 (from Rapallo, Italy).

FIGURE 14. Lepidocyrtus pulchellus, abd.IV in European Lepidocyrtus lignorum-group, new findings and redescritpion of Lepidocyrtus pulchellus Denis, 1926 (Collembola, Entomobryidae)

FIGURE 14. Lepidocyrtus pulchellus, abd.IV chaetotaxy, broad black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae, small black circles—thin ciliated macrochaetae, psp—pseudoporus.

FIGURES 12–13. Lepidocyrtus pulchellus. 12, abd.II in European Lepidocyrtus lignorum-group, new findings and redescritpion of Lepidocyrtus pulchellus Denis, 1926 (Collembola, Entomobryidae)

FIGURES 12–13. Lepidocyrtus pulchellus. 12, abd.II chaetotaxy (left side), black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae, psppseudoporus; 13, abd.III chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae, small black circles—thin ciliated macrochaetae, psp—pseudoporus.

FIGURE 2. Lepidocyrtus pulchellus, habitus lateral. A and B in European Lepidocyrtus lignorum-group, new findings and redescritpion of Lepidocyrtus pulchellus Denis, 1926 (Collembola, Entomobryidae)

FIGURE 2. Lepidocyrtus pulchellus, habitus lateral. A and B specimens from the type locality (Campigna, see « Material examined »); C and D specimens from Bertinoro (see « Material examined »); E specimen from Viterbo (sample LP521), scale bar = 1 mm.

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European starling operant conditioning

Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 18 August 2019