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1,605 results for “1995”
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Macrophyte Rating - Madison Lakes Area 1995 - current
Aquatic macrophytes are sampled from a boat at stations located at depths from 1 to 4 meters at 0.5-m intervals along transects perpendicular to the lake shoreline of the four primary study lakes in the Madison area (Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra, and Fish Lake) from June to August. A weighted, double-headed garden rake is cast off the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right of the boat and then dragged approximately 2 meters across the bottom by means of an attached line. For each rake cast, filamentous algae and any aquatic macrophyte species present are assigned a density rating from 0-5 based on the extent of coverage of the upper rake head. Determination of extent of coverage involves judgment of the surveyor as to the number of rake teeth and area of teeth covered by each species. It is necessary to separate plants to assess individual species coverage. Ratings from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute an overall density rating for each species found at the station.1 to 4 meters at 0.5-m intervals along transects perpendicular to the lake shoreline of the four primary study lakes in the Madison area (Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra, and Fish Lake) from June to August. A weighted, double-headed garden rake is cast off the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right of the boat and then dragged approximately 2 meters across the bottom by means of an attached line. In addition (see related data set: Macrophyte Weight --- Madison Lakes Area), the total plant mass and the total filamentous algae mass in each tow is measured. To the maximum extent possible, water is squeezed from the plants to minimize the amount of water present in the final weight. Weights are recorded in the boat using field scales. Weights from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute overall average weights for plant mass and for filamentous algae mass at the station. Sampling Frequency: annually during summer Number of sites: 4
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Macrophyte Biomass - Madison Lakes Area 1995 - current
Aquatic macrophytes are sampled from a boat at stations located at depths from 1 to 4 meters at 0.5-m intervals along transects perpendicular to the lake shoreline of the four primary study lakes in the Madison area (Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra, and Fish Lake) from June to August. A weighted, double-headed garden rake is cast off the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right of the boat and then dragged approximately 2 meters across the bottom by means of an attached line. For each rake cast, the total amount of filamentous algae and aquatic macrophyte species present is assigned a density rating from 0-5 based on the extent of coverage of the upper rake head. Determination of extent of coverage involves judgment of the surveyor as to the number of rake teeth and area of teeth covered. Ratings from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute an overall density rating for the station In addition, the total plant mass and the total filamentous algae mass in each tow is measured. To the maximum extent possible, water is squeezed from the plants to minimize the amount of water present in the final weight. Weights are recorded in the boat using field scales. Weights from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute overall average weights for plant mass and for filamentous algae mass at the station. A related data set (Macrophyte Rating --- Madison Lakes Area), contains rake ratings for individual macrophyte species. For each rake cast, filamentous algae and any aquatic macrophyte species present are assigned a density rating from 0-5 based on the extent of coverage of the upper rake head. Determination of extent of coverage involves judgment of the surveyor as to the number of rake teeth and area of teeth covered by each species. It is necessary to separate plants to assess individual species coverage. Ratings from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute an overall density rating for each species found at
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Chlorophyll - Madison Lakes Area 1995 - current
Chlorophyll is measured at our permanent sampling station in the deepest part of the lake. Chlorophyll samples are collected from the four primary study lakes in the Madison area (Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra and Fish Lake) at integrated depths and discrete depths for spectrophotometric analysis and fluorometric analysis. Most samples have been collected as integrated samples from 0-2 meters (Mendota, Monona, Wingra, Fish) and 0-8 meters (Mendota). Due to a change in instruments starting in 2002 and lasting through 2007, chlorophyll analyses for the southern lakes had an uncorrectable bias, and are not included in this dataset. Analyses since then (2008 onward) have been determined to not have this bias. Sampling Frequency: bi-weekly during ice-free season from late March or early April through early September, then every 4 weeks through late November; sampling is conducted usually once during the winter (depending on ice conditions). Number of sites: 4 Please consult NTL's website for information on experimental lake manipulations and the DNR's website for management activities
Water column primary production from inorganic carbon uptake for 24h at simulated in situ (SIS) light levels in deck incubators, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1995 – 2023.
Primary Production experiments were led by Vernet from 1995-2008. Schofield is the current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Primary production is the uptake of inorganic carbon and assimilation of it into organic matter by phytoplankton. Primary production rates, expressed as mgC per m3 per day were measured by the uptake of radioactive (14C) sodium bicarbonate. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations along the Western Antarctica Peninsula at regular PAL-LTER grid stations. Water is put into borosilicate bottles, inoculated with 1 uCi of NaH14CO3 per bottle, and incubated in an outdoor deck incubator. The incubator is plumbed to the ship sea water system to maintain ambient seawater temperature and bottles are screened to in situ light levels. The uptake of 14C-bicarbonate by the phytoplankton was measured in a scintillation counter after a 24-hour incubation period. Data is unavailable for the LMG16-01 cruise due to measurement issues. Data is temporarily unavailable for the LMG20-01 cruise. Primary production experiments were not conducted during the 2022 (NBP21-13) nor 2024 (LMG24-01) cruises. There was no cruise in the austral summer of 2021.
Small Mammal Exclosure Study (SMES) Surface Soil Disturbance in the Chihuahuan Desert Grassland and Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1995-2005)
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the activities of small mammals regulate plant community structure, plant species diversity, and spatial vegetation patterns in Chihuahuan Desert shrublands and grasslands. What role if any do indigenous small mammal consumers have in maintaining desertified landscapes in the Chihuahuan Desert? Additionally, how do the effects of small mammals interact with changing climate to affect vegetation patterns over time? This is data for animal created soil surface disturbance measured from each of the SMES study plots. Soil surface disturbance was measured from each of the 36 one-meter2 quadrats twice each year when vegetation was measured.
GUV total ozone column and effective cloud transmittance from three Norwegian sites 1995-2019
<p>Total ozone column (TOC) and effective cloud transmittance (eCLT) from GUV-511 in Oslo (Norway), GUV-541 from Andøya/Tromsø (Norway), and GUV-541 from Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard, Norway).</p> <p>Responsible institute: NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research<br> Collaborative institute: Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, DSA</p> <p>Method described in: Dahlback, A. (1996), Measurements of biologically effective UV doses, total ozone abundances, and cloud effects with multichannel, moderate bandwidth filter instruments, Appl. Opt. 35, 6514–6521</p> <p>1h average noon-time values, based on data with 1-minute time resolution.</p> <p>TOC retrievals from 305/320 nm channel ratio<br> eCLT retrievals from 340 nm channel </p> <p>Calibrations based on the FARIN2005-campaign and annual site visits with a travelling reference GUV instrument from DSA (https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2007JD009731)</p> <p>Funding: NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Norwegian Environment Agency, Norwegian Ministry of health and Care Services</p>
Artificial Neural Networks-generated Dataset: pH, Total Alkalinity, and Hydrogen Ion Concentration in Ría de Vigo (NW Spain), 1995–2020
<p>This dataset comprises input data from INTECMAR and the predicted outcomes. The variables and their units are as follows:</p> <p>station: 'Station ID [1-6]'</p> <p>year: 'Year [1995-2020]'</p> <p>month: 'Month [1-12]'</p> <p>day: 'Day'</p> <p>latitude: 'Latitude (decimal degrees)'</p> <p>longitude: 'Longitude (decimal degrees)'</p> <p>depth: 'Depth (meters)'</p> <p>temperature: 'Temperature (degrees Celsius)'</p> <p>salinity: 'Salinity (psu)'</p> <p>phosphate: 'Phosphate (umol/kg)'</p> <p>nitrate: 'Nitrate (umol/kg)'</p> <p>silicate: 'Silicate (umol/kg)'</p> <p>cweek: 'Cosine week'</p> <p>sweek: 'Sine week'</p> <p>TA: 'Total Alkalinity predicted (umol/kg)'</p> <p>NTA: 'Normalized Total Alkalinity (umol/kg)'</p> <p>NAT_st: 'Normalized per station Total Alkalinity (umol/kg)'</p> <p>NTA_gl: 'Normalized globally Total Alkalinity (umol/kg)'</p> <p>pHTS_insitu: 'pH insitu (pH units)'</p> <p>HT: 'Hydrogen ion concentration predicted (nmol/kg)'</p> <p> </p> <p>The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Programa de axudas á etapa predoutoral da Xunta de Galicia (Axencia Galega de Innovación) (Grant nº IN606A-2022/025). F.F.P. and A.V. were supported by REDEIRA (TED2021-132188B-I00) project, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The authors also express their gratitude to the Instituto Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia (INTECMAR), for the analyses and production of the database used to make predictions.</p>
ERA5-Land selected indicators daily aggregates for Africa, 1995
<p>This deposit contains NetCDF files with daily aggregates from Copernicus Era5-Land for eight selected indicators, covering Africa for 1995.</p> <p>Each file represents one indicator aggregation for one month of the year. Inside each NetCDF file, the layers contain the daily aggregates.</p> <p>For 2m dewpoint pressure, 10m u-component of wind, 10m v-component of wind, surface pressure, the mean function was used for aggregation. For total precipitation, the sum function was used for aggregation. For 2m temperature, the functions maximum, mean, and minimum were used for aggregation.</p> <p>Those files were created using the <a href="https://github.com/ErikKusch/KrigR">KrigR</a> package.</p>
ERA5-Land selected indicators daily aggregates for the Latin America region, 1995
<p>This deposit contains NetCDF files with daily aggregates from Copernicus Era5-Land eight selected indicators, covering the Latin America region, for 1995.</p><p>Each file represents one indicator aggregation for one month of the year. Inside each NetCDF file, the layers contain the daily aggregates.</p><p>For 2m dewpoint pressure, 10m u component of wind, 10m v component of wind, surface pressure, the mean function was used for aggregation. For total precipitation, the sum function was used for aggregation. For 2m temperature, the functions maximum, mean and minimum were used for aggregation.</p><p>Those files were created using the <a href="https://github.com/ErikKusch/KrigR">KrigR</a> package.</p>
Acorn mast data (1995-2025), Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, NY
Acorn abundance has been tracked annually since 1995 at Black Rock Forest (BRF), Cornwall, NY between September and October to coincide with peak acorn drop. From 1995 to 2010 all acorns were counted within a circular plot thrown 10 times at 15 to 20 locations throughout BRF. Beginning in 2004 individual oak trees were visited and DBH and number of acorns under the drip line of the tree were counted at the same 15 to 20 locations within BRF. Beginning in 2024 four 1-meter square quadrats were used to count acorns under 10 trees at each location.
Bird species list for the Andrews Experimental Forest and Upper McKenzie River Basin, 1975 to 1995
This list quantifies bird species and indicates general abundance and habitat. The list covers the entire upper McKenzie River watershed with special reference to occurrence within the Andrews Forest. It represents the collective observations of many people over 20-plus years, but should not be viewed as either current or complete.
Amphibian and reptile list of the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1975 to 1995
This is a compilation of amphibian and reptile species currently known to be present within the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest. This list includes scientific name, common name, relative abundance, general elevational distribution, habitat, and references for each species.
Disturbance effects on soil processes in the Andrews Experimental Forest (1995 Stand Age Study)
This study was designed to determine how edges generated by clear-cutting old-growth forests influence patterns of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling and the distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats and to determine how these patterns change with time after harvest. A secondary objective was to measure how clear-cutting within different climatic regimes influenced soil nitrogen and carbon cycling.
Radiation spatial grids, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1995-2000
This database contains 50m gridded mean monthly radiation data over the HJ Andrews. The IPW (Image Processing Workbench) model was used to create the grids with parameters specified by the user to approximate climatic conditions at the HJ Andrews. Cloudiness was accounted for by varying proportions of direct and diffuse radiation for each month. Values are theoretical and not directly based upon observed radiation values. For further information, see the project website at http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/lter/research/component/climate/smithjw/hja/.
Nutrient and microbial characteristics of mountain stream fine benthic organic matter in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 1995 to 1996
Numerous studies have examined qualitative shifts in leaf litter composition in the early to middle stages of decomposition. (Suberkropp, Godshalk and Klug 1976, Petersen and Cummins 1974, Findlay and Arsuffi 1989) which have shown that changes in leaf species and composition lead to marked differences in microbial processing rates (Suberkropp and Klug 1976) and that leaf and woody debris decomposition rates are related to both litter C:N and extracellular enzyme activities (Taylor et al. 1989, Sinsabaugh et al. 1992, Sinsabaugh and Linkins 1993). Since most organic matter moves through streams as fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) (Sinsabaugh et al. 1992) it is a potentially important link between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Although there is increasing interest in understanding FPOM dynamics, there have been few studies of factors influencing stream sediment FBOM chemical or microbial characteristics.
Decomposition of Fine Woody Roots: a Time Series Approach, 1995 to 2006
We examined the effects of species, initial substrate quality, and site differences on woody root decomposition and its nitrogen dynamics in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) dominated forests in Oregon, U.S.A. using a time series approach. Roots of fourteen species and five size classes were placed in the field to incubate and then collected at pre-planned intervals to determine mass loss and nitrogen content.
Tree heights and diameters: Wickersham fire sites (at the Viereck thaw probe locations), 1995 and 2004
In June of 1971, the Wickersham fire burned 6313 ha in an open black spruce forest underlain with permafrost and provided an opportunity to study fire and fireline effects on the rate and patterns of permafrost, soil, and vegetation recovery. When wildfire burns through a northern black spruce forest the degree of soil organic layer consumption greatly influences the post-fire community characteristics. The construction of firelines with heavy machinery involves the complete removal of vegetation and the soil organic layer down to mineral soil and likewise affects the community characteristics after fire and fire suppression. This long-term study is part of a comparison between the vegetative communities of firelines, burned, and unburned open black spruce forests underlain by ice rich permafrost. In this study, tree diameters and heights were measured in an unburned control plot and in a heavily burned plot. There were no trees to measure in the fireline plot. Tree heights and diameters at breast height were measured for tree species in the heavily burned and unburned control sites on the east side of Cushman Creek of the Wickersham Fire Sites. This dataset focuses on the trees of the east side sites (2004 and 2130) to corroborate the detailed studies of active layer depths and fireline surface level changes previously published (Viereck, 1982; also see datasets in related material section) and in preparation.
Litterfall on the elevational gradient (Group 2) focusing on Rhododendrum leaf litter from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1994 to 1995
Null Hypothesis: Litterfall weights not statistically different between plots on the altitudinal gradient.
Litterfall on the elevational gradient (Group 3) from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1995
Null Hypothesis: Litterfall weights not statistically different between plots on the altitudinal gradient.
Litterfall on the elevational gradient (Group 4) with a focus on greenfall from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1995
Null Hypothesis: Litterfall weights not statistically different between plots on the altitudinal gradient.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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