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72 results for “Alternative Reproductive Tactics”
Data from: Brain transcriptional profiles of male alternative reproductive tactics and females in bluegill sunfish
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Linking alternative reproductive tactics and habitat selection in Northern chamois
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Data from: Behavioral tactic predicts preoptic-hypothalamic gene expression more strongly than developmental morph in fish with alternative reproductive tactics
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Data from: Resource availability, mating opportunity, and sexual selection intensity influence the expression of male alternative reproductive tactics
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Data from: Alternative reproductive tactics arising from a continuous behavioral trait: callers vs. satellites in field crickets
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Data from: Neuroendocrine profiles associated with discrete behavioural variation in Symphodus ocellatus, a species with male alternative reproductive tactics
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Data from: Macro- and microgeographic genetic structure in an ant species with alternative reproductive tactics in sexuals
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Data from: Behavioral and morphological traits interact to promote the evolution of alternative reproductive tactics in a lizard
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Data from: Alternative reproductive tactics in female striped mice: heavier females are more likely to breed solitary than communally
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Data from: Alternative reproductive tactics in context: how demography, ecology, and behavior affect male mating success
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Kin-mediated plasticity in alternative reproductive tactics
<p>Conditional strategies occur when the fitness payoff an individual receives from expressing a given phenotype (from a range of two or more possible phenotypes) is contingent upon that individual's environmental circumstances. This conditional strategy model underlies many cases of alternative reproductive tactics, in which individuals of one sex employ different means to obtain reproductive opportunities. How genetic relatedness and indirect fitness effects could affect the expression of alternative reproductive tactics remains unexplored. Here, we address this gap using the Acarid mite <i>Rhizoglyphus echinopus</i>, in which large males develop into aggressive 'fighters' and small males develop into non-aggressive 'scramblers.' Because fighters kill their rivals whereas scramblers do not, fighters should incur a greater indirect fitness cost when competing with their relatives, and thus the expression of the fighter phenotype could be reduced in the presences of relatives. To test this, we raised mites in full-sibling or mixed-sibship groups and found that fighters were more common in full-sibling groups, not less common as we predicted. This apparently counter-intuitive result could be explained if relatedness and cue variability are interpreted as a signal of population density, since fighters are more common at low densities in this species. Alternatively, our results may indicate that males compete more intensely with relatives than non-relatives in this species. Our study provides the first evidence of kin-mediated plasticity in the expression of alternative reproductive tactics.</p>
Data from: Fitness consequences of female alternative reproductive tactics in house mice (Mus musculus domesticus)
Alternative reproductive tactics are defined as discrete differences in morphological, physiological and/or behavioral traits associated with reproduction, which occur within the same sex and population. House mice provide a rare example for alternative reproductive tactics in females, which can either rear their young solitarily, or together with one or several other females in a communal nest. We assessed the fitness consequences of communal and solitary breeding in a wild population to understand how the two tactics can be evolutionarily stable. Females switched between the two tactics (with more than 50% of all females having two or more litters using both tactics), pointing towards communal and solitary breeding being two tactics within a single strategy and not two genetically determined strategies. Communal breeding resulted in reduced pup survival and negatively impacted female reproductive success. Older and likely heavier females more often reared their litters solitarily, indicating that females use a condition dependent strategy. Solitary breeding seems the more successful tactic and only younger and likely less competitive females might opt for communal nursing, even at the cost of increased pup mortality. This study emphasizes the importance of analyzing phenotypic plasticity and its role in cooperation in the context of female ARTs.
Data from: Alternative reproductive tactics and inverse size-assortment in a high-density fish spawning aggregation
Background: At high densities, terrestrial and marine species often employ alternate reproductive tactics (ARTs) to maximize reproductive benefits. We describe ARTs in a high-density and unfished spawning aggregation of the squaretail grouper (Plectropomus areolatus) in Lakshadweep, India. Results: As previously reported for this species, territorial males engage in pair-courtship, which is associated with a pair-spawning tactic. Here, we document a previously unreported school-courtship tactic; where territorial males court multiple females in mid-water schools, which appears to culminate in a unique 'school-spawning' tactic. Courtship tactics were conditional on body size, local mate density and habitat, likely associated with changing trade-offs between potential mating opportunities and intra-sexual competition. Counter-intuitively, the aggregation showed a habitat-specific inverse size-assortment: large males courted small females on the reef slope while small males courted equal-sized or larger females on the shelf. These patterns remained stable across two years of observation at high, unfished densities. Conclusions: These unique density-dependent behaviours may disappear from this aggregation as overall densities decline due to increasing commercial fishing pressure, with potentially large consequences for demographics and fitness.
Data from: Alternative reproductive tactics increase effective population size and decrease inbreeding in wild Atlantic salmon
While nonanadromous males (stream-resident and/or mature male parr) contribute to reproduction in anadromous salmonids, little is known about their impacts on key population genetic parameters. Here, we evaluated the contribution of Atlantic salmon mature male parr to the effective number of breeders (Nb) using both demographic (variance in reproductive success) and genetic (linkage disequilibrium) methods, the number of alleles, and the relatedness among breeders. We used a recently published pedigree reconstruction of a wild anadromous Atlantic salmon population in which 2548 fry born in 2010 were assigned parentage to 144 anadromous female and 101 anadromous females that returned to the river to spawn in 2009 and to 462 mature male parr. Demographic and genetic methods revealed that mature male parr increased population Nb by 1.79 and 1.85 times, respectively. Moreover, mature male parr boosted the number of alleles found among progenies. Finally, mature male parr were in average less related to anadromous females than were anadromous males, likely because of asynchronous sexual maturation between mature male parr and anadromous fish of a given cohort. By increasing Nb and allelic richness, and by decreasing inbreeding, the reproductive contribution of mature male parr has important evolutionary and conservation implications for declining Atlantic salmon populations.
Data from: Nest predation and climate change as drivers of alternative reproductive tactics in a migratory species
<p>Alternative reproductive tactics enable individuals to choose a reproductive tactic relative to their status and prevailing environmental conditions in a way that increases their fitness. Conspecific brood parasitism, in which females lay eggs in nests of conspecifics, is one example of such behaviour. It has been proposed that when prospects for successful nesting are low and/or costs of reproduction are high, females employ tactics of low cost such as non-breeding and parasitic laying. When environmental conditions are ideal and prospects for success high, females can increase their reproductive effort above typical nesting by laying parasitic eggs prior to initiating their own nest. </p>
Effects of biases in adult sex ratio and male body condition on the alternative reproductive tactics of a gift-giving spider
<p>This dataset contains raw data from the manuscript entitled "<span>Adult sex ratio and male body condition affect alternative reproductive tactics in a spider", from </span>Daniel Heimerl, Pavla Dudová, Karoline Wacker, Elisa Schenkel, Garance Despréaux, Cristina Tuni, accepted for publication in the journal Behavioral Ecology<span>, </span></p> <p>The study investigates how biases in adult sex ratios can affect mating tactics in a spider. Sex ratio variation can alter the intensity of sexual selection by enhancing competition for mates. Under intense competition males increase their investment in behaviors to outcompete rivals (e.g., fighting). Yet, given that in male-biased environments mating opportunities are rare males may alternatively reduce costly courtship and/or adopt alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). Males of the spider <i>Pisaura mirabilis</i> adopt different mating tactics, offering females genuine nuptial gifts (prey), nutritionally worthless gifts (prey leftovers) or no gifts.</p> <p>To test whether behavioral shifts between gift tactics are triggered by changes in the competitive environment, we established replicate spider populations under natural conditions (field enclosures) at varying adult sex ratios (male-biased, female-biased and equal) and sampled gift tactics (no gift, genuine and worthless gifts) repeatedly over time. We additionally explored how male individual traits, such as body size and condition, affect the expression of ARTs.</p> <p>In male-biased populations males produced more gifts but of low quality, suggesting competition to trigger increased mating effort to ensure mate acquisition and fertilizations, but through a worthless gift tactic. Production of gifts and of genuine gifts was favored by high body condition, pointing to energetic limitations as being central for male reproductive capacity. We hence highlight two co-existing mechanisms at play to explain ARTs in this system, the competitive social environment where expression of gift tactics is based on optimal-decision making to overcome competition, and a conditional strategy linked to the individual's energetic state.</p>
Data from: Sperm longevity and salinity – the overlooked importance of spawning environment for alternative reproductive tactics
<p><span>Studies on adaptive responses to sperm competition have focused on mating modes and mating roles. The main mating modes studied are external and internal fertilization and spermcasting. The focus of male mating roles assumes one advantageous 'bourgeois' role and another disadvantageous 'parasitic' role regarding the probability of fertilization. However, sperm longevity between teleost fishes spawning in hypoosmotic freshwater and species spawning in hyperosmotic saltwater differs markedly. We argue that this can have major impacts on sperm adaptations in relation to sperm competition, due to physiological constraints and different outcomes of trade-offs. To test this hypothesis, we extracted sperm longevity data from studies on species with alternative reproductive tactics. We show that spawning salinity affects sperm longevity by orders of magnitudes and that this affects the direction in which male tactics differ in sperm longevity: parasitic males' sperm lived shorter than bourgeois males' sperm in freshwater spawners, but longer than bourgeois males' sperm in saltwater spawners. These results highlight a need to take spawning salinity into account in intraspecific as well as interspecies comparisons of adaptations to sperm competition in external fertilizers.</span></p>
Data from: Alternative reproductive tactics increase effective population size and decrease inbreeding in wild Atlantic salmon
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Data from: Sperm longevity and salinity – the overlooked importance of spawning environment for alternative reproductive tactics
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Data from: Alternative reproductive tactics shape within-species variation in behavioural syndromes
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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