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307 results for “Amazon rainforest”
Cold waves in the Amazon rainforest and their ecological impact
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Secondary Amazon rainforest partially recovers tree cavities suitable for nesting birds in 18–34 years
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Water and soil chemistry and molecular composition data of dissolved organic matter from soils in the central Amazon rainforest, 2019-2021
This dataset was created based on sampling campaigns in the central Amazon rainforest. It covers four field sites in vicinity of the Amazon Tall Tower Oberservatory project (ATTO). The field sites are comprised of pristine, old-growth rainforest with distinct forest types: terra firme forest (Plateau and Terrace sites) and white-sand forest (Campina and Campinarana sites). Freely percolating soil porewater was sampled repeatedly in soil profiles from 0 to 30 cm in the wet seasons (October to May) of 2019, 2020 and 2021. Solid soil samples were taken in vicinity to the plots in October 2017. The datasets include chemical and texture (particle size fractions) and chemical (metals, cation exchange capacities and pH) data from soil samples. Soil porewater samples were measured for pH, electrical conductivity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. There are some missing values for these data, particularly for DOC concentrations. Soil porewater samples were used for solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The molecular composition was measured by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap Elite MS). The detected masses were used to assign molecular formulas. The data include the assigned molecular formulas and sum-normalized intensites of all samples. This data is associated with a Ph.D. dissertation chapter (Lange, 2025) and a journal article (Lange et al., accepted).
CO and CO2 mixing ratios and flux measurements from the Amazon tropical rainforest
<p>CO and CO2 mixing ratio and flux measurements from the Amazon tropical rainforest</p><p>This dataset belongs to the manuscript 'The emission of CO from tropical rain forest soils', submitted to the journal Biogeosciences in December 2023.</p><p>More details on this dataset can be found in this manuscript:</p><p>https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2746/egusphere-2023-2746.pdf</p><p> For questions, please reach out to Hella van Asperen: hasperen@bgc.mpg-jena.de</p><p>########################################</p><p>Plateau tower CO and CO2 mixing ratio measurements</p><p>Plateau tower CO and CO2 mixing ratio measurements took place in a dry season campaign (28 Sep- 7 Oct 2020) and a wet season campaign (11-18 May 2021) at the K34 tower at field site ZF2 in the Amazon rain forest (-2.60898, -60.209106). Due to a problem in the beginning of the dry season campaign, the measurements at the tower were continued until outside the campaign period, until 18 October 2020. Measurements were performed by a Spectronus FTIR analyzer. Concentrations were measured at 3 heights (5,15 and 36m) every half hour. Canopy height is ~28m.</p><p>########################################</p><p>Valley CO and CO2 mixing ratio measurements</p><p>Valley CO and CO2 mixing ratio measurements took place in a dry season campaign (28 Sep- 7 Oct 2020) and a wet season campaign (11-18 May 2021) at a valley close to the K34 tower at field site ZF2 (-2.600026, -60.217079). Since no electricity was available, automatic battery-driven bag sampling was performed during the night at 3h time intervals, with 4 measurements per night from a 1m height inlet (~18:00, ~21:00, ~0:00, ~3:00). Bag samples were measured the following morning by a Spectronus FTIR-analyzer. </p><p>########################################</p><p>Plateau and valley chamber CO and CO2 fluxes</p><p>Flux chamber measurements were performed over soil and litter together on the plateau and in the valley at field site ZF2, in a dry season campaign (28 Sep- 7 Oct 2020) and a wet season campaign (11-18 May 2021). Five soil collars were installed in the valley, and five on the plateau. Each collar was measured 3 times during each campaign week (on different days). Measurements from the same collar are indicated as (for example) V1A, V1B, V1C. After each flux chamber measurement, soil moisture and soil temperature was measured.</p>
Centennial deforestation impacts on soil phosphorus cycling in the Amazon rainforest
<p>Deforestation of tropical rainforests is a major land use change that alters terrestrial biogeochemical cycling at local to global scales. Deforestation and subsequent reforestation are likely to impact soil phosphorus (P) cycling, which in P-limited ecosystems such as in the Amazon basin has implications for long-term land use change and productivity. We used a 100-year observational chronosequence of primary forest conversion to pasture, as well as a 13-year-old secondary forest, to test land use change and duration effects on soil P dynamics in the Amazon basin. By combining sequential extraction and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy with soil phosphatase assays, we assessed pools and process rates of P cycling in surface soils. Deforestation caused increases in total P (135-398 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), total organic P (Po) (19-168 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), and total inorganic P (Pi) (30-113 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) fractions in surface soils with pasture age, with concomitant increases in Pi fractions corroborated by sequential fractionation and XANES spectroscopy. Soil non-labile Po (10-148 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) increased disproportionately compared to labile Po (from 4-5 to 7-13 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>). Soil phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase binding affinity (Km) decreased while the specificity constant (Ka) increased by 83-159% in 39–100y pastures. Soil P pools and process rates reverted to magnitudes similar to primary forests within 13 years of pasture abandonment, though the relatively short but representative pre-abandonment pasture duration of our secondary forest may not enable significant deforestation effects on soil P cycling, highlighting the need to consider both pasture duration and reforestation age in evaluations of Amazon land use legacies. Although the space-for-time substitution design can entail variation in the initial soil P pools due to atmospheric P deposition, soil properties, and/or primary forest growth, the trend of P pools and process rates with pasture age still provides valuable insights.</p>
Haplocauda, a new genus of fireflies endemic to the Amazon Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
<p>Most firefly genera have poorly defined taxonomic boundaries, especially in the Neotropics, where they are more diverse and more difficult to identify. Recent advances that shed light on the diversity of fireflies in South America have focused mainly on Atlantic Rainforest taxa, whereas lampyrids in other biomes remained largely unstudied. We found three new firefly species endemic to the Amazon basin that share unique traits of the male abdomen where sternum VIII and the pygidium are modified and likely work as a copulation clamp. Here we test and confirm the hypothesis that these three species form a monophyletic lineage and propose Haplocauda gen. nov. to accommodate the three new species. Both Maximum Parsimony and probabilistic (Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood) phylogenetic analyses confirmed Haplocauda gen. nov. monophyly, and consistently recovered it as the sister group to Scissicauda, fireflies endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest that also feature a copulation clamp on abdominal segment VIII, although with a different configuration. We provide illustrations, diagnostic descriptions, and keys to species based on males and females. The three new species were sampled from different regions, and are likely allopatric, a common pattern among Amazonian taxa.</p>
Raster-based dataset for spatio-temporal analysis of forest fires in the Amazon rainforest from 2001 to 2020
<p>Forest fire incidents are becoming increasingly common around the world, posing a threat to the environment, economy, and social life. These wildfires are further expected to rise in their frequency and intensity, considering the global climate change and human activities. A variety of attributes must be studied in order to analyse relationships between the probable causes of fire and the characteristics of wildfire incidents, and inform decision-making. Such attributes are available or easily collectable in various regions around the world, but they are not readily available in the South American Amazon. The Amazon rainforest covers such a large area that acquiring a useful dataset necessitates extensive effort and computer intensive pre-processing. The associated study to this dataset investigates potential data sources for the Amazon, establishes a methodological baseline, and prepares a dataset of covariates thought to be contributing to the wildfire ignition process. The dataset is intended to be used for forest fire studies, specifically spatio-temporal and statistical analysis of wildfires. The study provides three sets of (i) raw data (acquired data with a global extent), (ii) pre-processed data (source data transformed to the same projection system and same file format), and (iii) working data (cropped to Amazon region extent with spatial resolution of 500 meters and monthly temporal resolution, to enable the scientific community to work with various possibilities of forest-fire analysis, and to further encourage research in study areas in the other parts of the world. </p>
Fig. 11 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest
Fig. 11. Juvenile Pamphobeteus sp. infested by fly larvae. Photo by Emanuele Biggi.
dataset for: Fire activity and drought increases ozone-plant damage to the Amazon rainforest.
<h3>Abstract</h3> <div> <p><strong>This dataset relates to work undertaken for publication 'Fire activity and drought increases ozone-plant damage to the Amazon rainforest.'</strong></p> <p><strong>Datasets and jupyter notebooks allow the figures and data to be reproduced.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ABSTRACT: </strong>Human activity is exposing the Amazon rainforest to increasing stressors, including plant damage due to elevated ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) pollution. O<sub>3</sub>-plant damage reduces plant photosynthesis and the land carbon sink thus increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Factors that control O<sub>3</sub>-plant damage in the Amazon have not been characterised so damage may be exacerbated by recurrent extreme drought and fires. We identify drivers of interannual variability in O<sub>3</sub>-plant damage using a land surface model validated against satellite products. We find that O<sub>3</sub>-plant damage increases with fire activity, with additional interactive effects during major droughts. The indirect increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> from fire-driven O<sub>3</sub>-plant damage is ~50% the magnitude of direct CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from fires in non-drought years, suggesting the negative impact of fires on the Amazon carbon budget is severely underestimated. During droughts, leaves close their stomata, which reduces O<sub>3</sub> uptake and should protect against O<sub>3</sub> damage. However, due to higher fire activity, and elevated O<sub>3</sub> concentrations, O<sub>3</sub>-plant damage during droughts is up to 77 Tg-C (or over 2 times) greater than average. As droughts are set to become more frequent, our results demonstrate that high fire activity associated with drought increases the O<sub>3</sub>-plant damage risk to the rainforest, especially in remote areas.</p> </div>
Amazon Rainforest dataset for semantic segmentation
<p>This database contains images used for the semantic segmentation of forest and non-forest areas from a fully convolutional neural network U-Net .</p> <p>1. <strong>Training dataset: </strong>it contains 30 GeoTIFF images with 512x512 pixels and associated PNG masks (forest indicated in white and non-forest in black color).</p> <p>2. <strong>Validation dataset</strong>: it contains 15 GeoTIFF images with 512x512 pixels and associated PNG masks used for U-Net validation step.</p> <p>3. <strong>Test dataset: </strong>it contains 15 GeoTIFF images 512x512 pixels for testing.</p>
Fig. 2 in Metapolybia araujoi, a new species of swarming social wasp from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest (Vespidae: Polistinae)
Fig. 2. Labels found attached to the specimen.
Future drought-induced tree mortality risk in Amazon rainforest
<p>ORCHIDEE-CAN-NHA simulation outputs of aboveground biomass carbon gain and carbon loss, forced by four climate models from ISIMIP2b program</p>
Supplemental material for the insight: High levels of mercury contamination in a necrophage dung-beetle of the Amazon rainforest (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
<p>This study represents the first evidence of mercury contamination in the family Scarabaeidae, with a close focus to <em>Coprophanaeus lancifer</em>, the largest copro-necrophagous beetle in South America. This work shows the repartition of total mercury (THg) in the insect body and lays the groundwork for additional future studies.</p>
Height and phytotelm size affect the invertebrate communities of epiphytic bromeliads in the Amazon rainforest
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Supplemental material for the insight: High levels of mercury contamination in a necrophage dung-beetle of the Amazon rainforest (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
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Centennial deforestation impacts on soil phosphorus cycling in the Amazon rainforest
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Haplocauda, a new genus of fireflies endemic to the Amazon Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
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Figure 6 in A new species of Cladochaeta Coquillettı 1900 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) associated with Sphodroscarta trivirgata (Amyot & Servilleı 1843) (Auchenorrhyncha: Aphrophoridae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Figure 6. Cladochaeta amorimi sp. nov., puparium. (a) Entire puparium, dorsal view. Scale bar: 500 µm. (b) Anterior spiracle, dorsal view. Scale bar: 50 µm. (c) Posterior spiracle, dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm. (d) Rosettes of abdominal segment, ventral view. Scale bar: 100 µm. Arrows pointing A: anterior and L: lateral.
FIGURE 7 in A new genus of chevron cricket (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Colombian and Venezuelan Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 7. Tintiyakus piaroa comb. nov. (adapted from Derka et al. 2016). A. Terminalia in dorsal view; B. Terminalia in ventral view. Abbreviations: Cer: cerci; Sty: styli; Pl: subgenital plate.
FIGURE 3 in A new genus of chevron cricket (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Colombian and Venezuelan Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 3. Tintiyakus sexangulus sp. nov., paratype female. A: habitus, lateral view; B: habitus, dorsal view; C–E: Terminalia in dorsal, ventral and lateral view respectively.
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.