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Fig. 4 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 4. Single MP tree from TNT. Numbers at branches are the stability from absolute symmetric frequencies resampling percentage values (cut = 50) / decay index from Bremer Support. Abbreviations and colored backgrounds codes are: PAC (red) = Pachylinae; DRMN (yellow) = Monophyletic group including Discocyrtus, Roeweriinae subfam. nov., and Mitobatinae; MIT (green) = Mitobatinae; DIS (blue) = Discocyrtus; ROE (magenta) = Roeweriinae subfam. nov.

Fig. 3 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 3. Cladogram depicting proposed external and internal phylogenetic relationships of Roeweriinae subfam. nov., with unambiguous synapomorphies for each clade mapped. This is the single tree obtained by TNT. Small numbers above symbols are the numbers of the characters. Green squares = nonhomoplastic synapomorphies; white circles = homoplastic synapomorphies.

Fig. 1 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 1. Amazochroma gen. nov., specimens in vivo. A–D. Amazochroma carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1941) gen. et comb. nov.: A. ♂, Brazil, Amazonas. B–C. ♂, French Guiana, Maripasoula. D. ♀, French Guiana, Maripasoula. E–F. Amazochroma pedroi gen. et sp. nov. E. ♂, Brazil, Rondônia, Monte Negro. F. ♀, Brazil, Rondônia, Porto Velho. Images courtesy of Glauco Machado (A), Sébastien Cally (B–D) and Pedro Martins (E–F).

Fig. 2 in Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 2. Northern Brazil and Guyanas, showing distribution of the species of Amazochroma gen. nov. Shaded areas in the background are WWF biomes, green are moist broadleaf forests and orange are grasslands, savannas and shrublands.

FIG. 5 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 5. — Microtityus (Microtityus) adriki n. sp., pectines and sternites sculpturing: A, C, ♂ paratype (MZSP 76548); pectines (A); sternites IV-VII (C); B, D, ♀ holotype (MZSP 76547); pectines (B); sternites IV-VII (D). Scale bars: A, B, 1.0 mm; C, 1.5 mm; D, 2.5 mm.

FIG. 9 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 9. — Microtityus (Microtityus) adriki n. sp., live habitus: A, B, females, on leaf litter. Photos: Rogério Bertani.

FIG. 1 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 1. — Microtityus (Microtityus) adriki n. sp.: A, B, ♂ paratype (MZSP 76548): dorsal (A); ventral (B); C, D, ♀ holotype (MZSP 76547): dorsal (C); ventral (D). Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 4 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 4. — Microtityus (Microtityus) adriki n. sp., dextral chela sculpturing;A-C, ♂ paratype (MZSP 76548): external (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C); D-F, ♀ holotype (MZSP 76547); external (D); dorsal (E); ventral (F). Abbreviations: db, dorsobasal; dt, dorsoterminal; Eb, eb, external basal; Esb, external sub-basal; Est, est, external subterminal; Et, et, external terminal; it, internal terminal; V, ventral. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIG. 3 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 3. — Microtityus (Microtityus) adriki n. sp., dextral pedipalp femur and patella sculpturing: A-D, femur: A, B, ♂ paratype (MZSP 76548); dorsal (A), internal (B); C, D, ♀ holotype (MZSP 76547): dorsal (C), internal (D); E-H, patella: E, F, ♂ paratype (MZSP 76548); dorsal (E), ventral (F); G, H, ♀ holotype (MZSP 76547); dorsal (G); ventral (H). Abbreviations: d, dorsal; e, external; eb, external basal; esb, external sub-basal; em, external median; est, external subterminal; et, external terminal; i, internal. Scale bars: 0.7 mm.

FIG. 2 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 2. — Microtityus (Microtityus) adriki n. sp., carapace and tergites sculpturing, dorsal: A, ♂ paratype (MZSP 76548); B, ♀ holotype (MZSP 76547). Scale bars: A, 2.0 mm; B, 3.0 mm.

FIG. 11 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 11. — Principal component analysis of the environmental conditions for 100 random points within a 10 km buffer surrounding each point of occurrence of Microtityus (Microtityus) adriki n. sp. (blue squares), Microtityus (Microtityus) vanzolinii Lourenço & Eickstedt 1983 (red triangles), and other Microtityus species (green circles). The ellipses encompass the values within a multivariate t-distribution (i.e., confidence intervals). Full colors in icons represents an overplotting of 100 points.

FIG. 8 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 8. — Microtityus (Microtityus) adriki n. sp., telson sculpturing, lateral; A, ♂ paratype (MZSP 76548); B, ♀ holotype (MZSP 76547). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 7 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 7. — Microtityus (Microtityus) adriki n. sp., metasomal segments I-V and telson: A, C: ♂ paratype (MZSP 76548); lateral (A); ventral (C); B, D, ♀ holotype (MZSP 76547); lateral (B); ventral (D). Scale bars: 2.0 mm.

FIG. 10 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 10. — Geographical distribution (A) and environmental suitability (B) of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 species, including Microtityus adriki n. sp. (yellow square), Microtityus vanzolinii Lourenço & Eickstedt 1983 (yellow triangle) and other species (red circles). The biogeographic regionalisation is depicted in B, with numbered regions cited in text. Provinces: 1, Yucatán Peninsula; 2, Mosquito; 3, Cuban; 4, Jamaica; 5, Hispaniola; 6, Guajira; 7, Venezuelan; 8, Magdalena; 9, Sabana; 10, Cauca; 11, Ucayali; 12, Imerí; 13, Guianan; 14, Guianan Lowlands, and 15, Roraima. Abbreviations: AM, state of Amazonas; AP, state of Amapá; BEL, Belize; BRA, Brazil; COL, Colombia; COS, Costa Rica; CUB, Cuba; DOR, Dominican Republic; ECU, Ecuador; FRG, French Guiana; GUA, Guatemala; GUY, Guyana; HAI, Haiti; JAM, Jamaica; MA, state of Maranhão; MEX, Mexico; NIC, Nicaragua; PA, state of Pará; PAN, Panama; PER, Peru; PI, state of Piauí; PUE, Puerto Rico; RR, state of Roraima; SUR, Suriname; TRIN, Trinidad and Tobago; VEN, Venezuela.

FIG. 6 in On one of the smallest Amazonian scorpions: a new species of Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Brazil, with amended diagnosis and potential distribution analysis for the genus

FIG. 6. — Microtityus (Microtityus) adriki n. sp., dextral hemispermatophore, ♂ paratype (CHNUFPI 1979); A, posterior view; B, lateral view; C, anterior view. Abbreviations: B, body; Bl, basal lobe; El, external lobe; F, foot; Fl, flagellum; il, internal lobe; Prec, pars recta; Pref, pars reflexa; Prex, pars recta expansion. Scale bar: 500 μm.

FIGURE 4 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins

FIGURE 4 | Metaphase plates of Arapaima gigas from Mamirauá (MAM) population (Amazon River basin) hybridized with repetitive DNA sequences, including mono-, di- and trinucleotide microsatellites and the multigene families U2 snDNA. Bar=5 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins

FIGURE 2 | Karyotypes of Arapaima gigas male (A–C) and female (D–F) from Javaé (JAV) population (Araguaia-Tocantins River basin), sequentially arranged from Giemsa-stained (A and D), C-banded (B and E), and double-FISH (C and F) with 5S rDNA (green) and 18S rDNA (red) labeled chromosomes. Bar=5 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins

FIGURE 1 | Map of northern part of South America showing the sampling sites of Arapaima individuals analyzed in this study from Araguaia-Tocantins (brown) and Amazon (green) River basins, coded in the Tab. 1.

FIGURE 5 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins

FIGURE 5 | Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments on metaphase chromosomes of Arapaima individuals from the Javaé (JAV) (A–D) and Mamirauá (MAM) populations (E–H). First column (A and E): DAPI images of chromosomes; Second column (B and F): Hybridization pattern using gDNA of A. gigas from MAM population (red): Third column (C and G): Hybridization pattern using the gDNA of A. gigas from JAV population (green); Fourth column (D and H) overlap of the images. The shared regions are highlighted in yellow. The arrows indicate the higher abundance of some repetitions in individuals from MAM population. Bar=5 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins

FIGURE 3 | Metaphase plates of Arapaima gigas from Javaé (JAV) population (Araguaia-Tocantins River basin) hybridized with repetitive DNA sequences, including mono-, di- and trinucleotide microsatellites and the multigene families U2 snDNA. Bar=5 µm.