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285 results for “Anaerobe”
Data from: Study of helminth eggs (Ascaris suum) inactivation by anaerobic digestion and electrochemical treatment
<p>The use of insufficiently treated wastewater or fecal sludge in agriculture raises concerns because of the pathogen content. Helminth eggs are one of the most crucial pathogens for ensuring public health and safety. Widely used disinfection treatment methods do not guarantee the complete inactivation of helminth eggs. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion and electrochemical process for helminth (<em>Ascaris</em> <em>suum</em>) egg inactivation. Lab-scale biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay was conducted by spiking <em>A. suum</em> eggs in a serum bottle. Total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), pH, biogas production and its composition, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were analyzed along with <em>A. suum</em> inactivation, every 3<sup>rd</sup> day for the initial 15 days and 5<sup>th</sup> day till 45 days. The results documented 98% inactivation of <em>A. suum</em> eggs (0.15 eggs/ml) in 35 days and remained at 0.14 eggs/ml till the 45<sup>th</sup> day. Correlation analysis revealed positive relation of non-viable eggs with pH and a negative relationship with all the other parameters. In the second set of experiments, a hypochlorite (4700ppm) solution was generated by electrolysis of aqueous NaCl solution in a membrane-less electrochemical cell. The hypochlorite was diluted (940, 470, 235, and 156ppm) in wastewater, spiked with <em>A. suum</em> eggs and then examined for inactivation at regular intervals. 10% inactivation was achieved at 940ppm concentration in 24h. This study revealed that the inactivation of <em>A. suum</em> eggs by anaerobic digestion or electrochemical treatment is a combined effect of more than one parameter.</p>
Data for: Coupled anaerobic methane oxidation and metal reduction in soil under elevated CO2
<p><span>Continued current emissions of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)</span><span> by human activities will increase global atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations and surface temperature significantly. Fields of paddy rice, the most important form of anthropogenic wetlands, account for about 9% of anthropogenic sources of CH<sub>4</sub>. Elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> may enhance CH<sub>4</sub> production in rice paddies, potentially reinforcing the increase in atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub>. </span><span>However, what is not known is whether and how elevated CO<sub>2</sub> influences CH<sub>4</sub> consumption under anoxic soil conditions in rice paddies, as the net emission of CH<sub>4</sub> is a balance of methanogenesis and methanotrophy. In this study, we used a long-term free-air CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment experiment to examine the impact of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on the transformation of CH<sub>4</sub> in a paddy rice agroecosystem. We demonstrate that elevated CO<sub>2</sub> substantially increased anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to manganese and/or iron oxides reduction in the calcareous paddy soil. We further show that elevated CO<sub>2</sub> may stimulate the growth and metabolism of Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens, which is actively involved in catalyzing AOM when coupled to metal reduction, mainly through enhancing the availability of soil CH<sub>4</sub>. These findings suggest that a thorough evaluation of climate-carbon cycle feedbacks may need to consider the coupling of methane and metal cycles in natural and agricultural wetlands under future climate change scenarios.</span></p>
Assembling the anaerobic gamma-butyrobetaine to TMA metabolic pathway in Escherichia fergusonii and confirming its role in TMA production from dietary L-carnitine in murine models
<p>GraphPad Prism files containing source data for figures included in the manuscript "Assembling the anaerobic gamma-butyrobetaine to TMA metabolic pathway in Escherichia fergusonii and confirming its role in TMA production from dietary L-carnitine in murine models", by Dwidar et al., published in mBio.</p>
The Importance of Anti-anaerobic Therapy for Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01160640. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
δ15N of nitric oxide produced under aerobic or anaerobic conditions from seven soils and their associated N isotope fractionations
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Data from: Volatile fatty acid concentration, soil pH and soil texture during anaerobic soil conditions affect germination of Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii sclerotia
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From performance curves to performance surfaces: Interactive effects of temperature and oxygen availability on aerobic and anaerobic performance in the common wall lizard
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Data from: Effect of yeast addition on the biogas production performance of a food waste anaerobic digestion system
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Data for: Coupled anaerobic methane oxidation and metal reduction in soil under elevated CO2
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Data from: Study of helminth eggs (Ascaris suum) inactivation by anaerobic digestion and electrochemical treatment
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Genomics of new ciliate lineages provides insight into the evolution of obligate anaerobiosis - single gene datasets for phylogenomic analysis of anaerobic ciliates (SAL, Ciliophora), protein datasets for mitochondrial pathways prediction, and mitochondrial genomes
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Data from: Parasite-induced inversion of geotaxis in a freshwater amphipod: a role for anaerobic metabolism?
Many parasites with complex life-cycles alter the phenotype of their intermediate hosts in ways that seem to favor transmission to a final host. Although there is a large literature on host manipulation, how parasites alter the phenotype of their hosts remains poorly known. The bird acanthocephalan Polymorphus minutus is known to alter geotaxis in its amphipod host, Gammarus roeseli. Here we examine the potential roles of low oxygen availability and the excretion, by the parasite, of two products from its own anaerobic metabolism (lactate and succinate) in altered geotaxis. Under hypoxia, uninfected Gammarus roeseli showed negative geotaxis and lower metabolic rate, two traits also altered by infection with P. minutus, albeit with different intensities. The injection of a mixture of lactate and succinate in uninfected amphipods mimicked the parasite-induced reversion of geotaxis, without affecting the metabolic rate. In addition, both P. minutus-infected gammarids and uninfected ones conditioned to hypoxia for two days showed elevated levels of lactate in the brain, but not in the hemolymph. Overall, our results indicate that the pathways involved in anaerobic metabolism and hypoxia-signalling might be responsible for the changes in geotaxis and metabolic rate induced by P. minutus infection. Our study emphasizes the need to consider the tight and complex connections between physiological processes and behavioural adjustments, in particular at the brain level, in the understanding of parasitic manipulation, and more broadly of behavioural changes in infected hosts.
Data from: Kinetics of calcite precipitation by ureolytic bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
The kinetics of urea hydrolysis (ureolysis) and induced calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation for engineering use in the subsurface was investigated under aerobic conditions using Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC strain 11859) as well as Bacillus sphaericus strains 21776 and 21787. All bacterial strains showed ureolytic activity inducing CaCO3 precipitation aerobically. Rate constants not normalized to biomass demonstrated slightly higher rate coefficients for both ureolysis (kurea) and CaCO3 precipitation (kprecip) for B. sphaericus 21776 (kurea = 0.10 ± 0.03 h-1, kprecip = 0.60 ± 0.34 h-1) compared to S. pasteurii (kurea = 0.07 ± 0.02 h-1, kprecip = 0.25 ± 0.02 h-1) though these differences were not statistically significantly different. B. sphaericus 21787 showed little ureolytic activity but was still capable of inducing some CaCO3 precipitation. Cell growth appeared to be inhibited during the period of CaCO3 precipitation. TEM images suggest this is due to the encasement of cells and was reflected in lower kurea values observed in the presence of dissolved Ca. However, biomass re-growth could be observed after CaCO3 precipitation ceased, which suggests that ureolysis-induced CaCO3 precipitation is not necessarily lethal for the entire population. The kinetics of ureolysis and CaCO3 precipitation with S. pasteurii were further analyzed under anaerobic conditions. Rate coefficients obtained in anaerobic environments were comparable to those under aerobic conditions, however no cell growth was observed under anaerobic conditions with NO3-, SO42- and Fe3+ as potential terminal electron acceptors. These data suggest that the initial rates of ureolysis and ureolysis-induced CaCO3 precipitation are not significantly affected by the absence of oxygen but that long-term ureolytic activity might require the addition of suitable electron acceptors. Variations in the ureolytic capabilities and associated rates of CaCO3 precipitation between strains must be fully considered in subsurface engineering strategies that utilize microbial amendments.
Fig. 3 in Caloramator australicus sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium from the Great Artesian Basin of Australia
Fig. 3. Dendrogram showing the phylogenetic position of strain RC3T with members of the genus Caloramator. Clostridium butyricum ATCC 19398T was used as an outgroup. GenBank accession numbers are given in parentheses. Bootstrap values.98 % are shown. Bar, 2 changes per 100 nucleotide positions.
Fig. 2 in Caloramator australicus sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium from the Great Artesian Basin of Australia
Fig. 2. Growth and Fe(II) production by strain RC3T with glycerol (0.2 %) as an electron donor and ammonium ferric citrate as an electron acceptor. ·, Fe(II) concentration in strain RC3T culture; ©, Fe(II) concentration in control; -, cell density in strain RC3 T culture.
Fig. 1 in Caloramator australicus sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium from the Great Artesian Basin of Australia
Fig. 1. Transmission electron micrograph of a thin section of strain RC3 T, revealing a typical Gram-positive cell-wall ultrastructure. CM, Cytoplasmic membrane; P, peptidoglycan; S, septum. Bar, 50 nm.
Impact of Probiotic Veillonella atypica FB0054 Supplementation on Anaerobic Capacity and Lactate Changes: A Randomized, Crossover Pilot
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Nitrogen and sulfur for phosphorus: Lipidome adaptation for anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria in phosphorus-deprived conditions
<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p> <p>Understanding how microbial lipidomes adapt to environmental and nutrient stress is crucial for comprehending microbial survival and functionality. Certain anaerobic bacteria can synthesize glycerolipids with ether/ester bonds, yet the complexities of their lipidome remodeling under varying environmental and nutritional conditions remain largely unexplored. In this study, we thoroughly examined the lipidome adaptations of <em>Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans</em> strain PF2803<sup>T</sup>, a mesophilic anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium known for its n-alkene degradation capability, under various cultivation conditions including temperature, pH, salinity, and ammonium and phosphorous concentrations. Employing an extensive analytical and computational lipidomic methodology, we identified nearly 400 distinct lipids for the first time, including a range of glycerol ether/ester lipids and various polar head groups. Information theory-based analysis revealed that temperature fluctuations and phosphate scarcity profoundly influenced the lipidome's composition, leading to enhanced diversity and specificity of novel lipids. Notably, phosphorous limitation led to the creation of novel glucuronosylglycerols and sulfur-containing aminolipids, termed butyramide cysteine glycerols, featuring various ether/ester bonds. This suggests a novel adaptive strategy for anaerobic heterotrophs to thrive in phosphorus-depleted areas of the oceans, characterized by a diverse array of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing polar head groups, moving beyond a reliance on conventional non-phospholipid types.</p> <p><strong>Repository Contents</strong></p> <p><strong>1_SRB_lipidome.zip</strong>: includes all source data and code scripts used for figures in this study. Files are organized as follows and are associated with the corresponding parts of the manuscript: Figure 2A-F, Figure 4A-E, Figure 5A-B, Figure 6A-E, Supplementary Figures 7.</p> <p>Figure 2. The impact of culturing conditions on lipidomic variability. A) The number of intact polar lipid species in different lipid classes putatively identified in this study. B) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on peak intensity of intact polar lipid species, showcasing the variation in general lipidomic features across individual experimental conditions. C) Information theory analysis showing lipidome diversity and specificity based on the Shannon entropy of the lipidomic frequency distribution. D) Lipid species specificity across the various culturing conditions. E) Hierarchical clustering heatmap depicting the distribution of major lipid classes across all the culturing conditions. F) Cumulative variability of all intact polar lipid species within each range of growth conditions, calculated as the difference in mean abundance between the standard growth condition and the variable conditions. The variability analysis excludes phosphate 0.015 mM as it is under phosphorous-sufficient condition, which showed a similar lipidome composition as the standard growth condition. Each condition analysis is based on three biological replicates. Abbreviations: Polar head groups –phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylglycerols (PG), cardiolipins (CL), novel N-butyramide cysteine (BACys), glucuronosyl (GlcA); Core lipids – diacylglycerols (DAGs), acyl/ether glycerols (AEGs), dietherglycerols (DEGs), tetraetherglycerols (TetraEGs), triether/monoacyl glycerols (TriEGs), diether/diacyl glycerol (DiEGs), monoether/triacyl glycerol (MonoEGs), and tetraacylglycerols (TetraAGs), demethylmenaquinone (DMK).</p> <p>Figure 4. Variability of major lipid classes across different culturing conditions. A) PG with different ether/ester bond core lipids. B) PE with different ether/ester bond core lipids. C) CL with different ether/ester bond core lipids. D) GlcA with different ether/ester bond core lipids. E) Novel BACys with different ether/ester bond core lipids. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the last condition and the current condition (Student's t tests on pairwise differences, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001). The numbers of treatments on the x-axis represent the parameters associated with each condition, ranging from low to high. These parameters include temperature (25°C, 30°C, 40°C), pH levels (6.4, 6.8, 7.8), NaCl concentration (3 g/L, 10 g/L, 25 g/L, 60 g/L), phosphate concentration (0.0005 mM, 0.0015 mM, 0.015 mM, 1.5 mM), and ammonium concentration (0.003 g/L, 0.03g/L, 0.3 g/L).</p> <p><span>Figure 5. Distribution of the relative abundance of major lipid classes and number of lipid species across different culturing conditions. </span><span>A) Relative abundance of major lipid classes. B) Number of lipid species with an abundance exceeding 0.5% of the total lipids. The numbers of treatments on the x-axis represent the parameters associated with each condition, ranging from low to high. These parameters include temperature (25°C, 30°C, 40°C), pH levels (6.4, 6.8, 7.8), NaCl concentration (3 g/L, 10 g/L, 25 g/L, 60 g/L), phosphate concentration (0.0005 mM, 0.0015 mM, 0.015 mM, 1.5 mM), and ammonium concentration (0.003 g/L, 0.03g/L, 0.3 g/L).</span></p> <p><span>Fig</span><span>ure</span><span> 6</span><span>. Adaptation of ether/ester bond lipids, polar headgroups, the averaged carbon chain length and double bond equivalents (DB) of the studied sulfur-reducing bacterial lipidome across different culturing conditions.</span><span> A) The ratio of phospholipids with dialkyl chains and tetraalkyl chains, or the ratio of (PE+PG)/CL, calculated as the summed core lipids within each class. B) The logarithmic ratio of phospholipids/non-phospholipids, phospholipids included both diglyceride phospholipids (PG and PE) and CL. C) The ratio of ether/ester bond lipids. The abundance of ethers in lipids with DEGs is calculated based on their inherent intensity, while the abundance of ethers in lipids containing both ether and ester chains is determined using the ratio of ether% multiplied by the intensity. For instance, in CL-TriEG, which has three ether-bond chains and one ester-bond chain, the abundance of the ether chain is calculated as 0.75 multiplied by the intensity. D) The average DBs of total lipids across different culturing conditions. E) The average chain length of two-chain lipids across different culturing conditions. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the last condition and the current condition (Student’s <em>t </em>tests on pairwise differences, *<em>P </em>< 0.05, **<em>P </em>< 0.01 and ***<em>P </em>< 0.001). These parameters include temperature (25°C, 30°C, 40°C), pH levels (6.4, 6.8, 7.8), NaCl concentration (3 g/L, 10 g/L, 25 g/L, 60 g/L), phosphate concentration (0.0005 mM, 0.0015 mM, 0.015 mM, 1.5 mM), and ammonium concentration (0.003 g/L, 0.03g/L, 0.3 g/L).</span></p> <p><span><span>Fig. S7. The fractional abundance of lipids with (A) different DBs (0-4) and (B) different carbon chain lengths (26-37, 56-68).</span></span><span> The numbers from 26 to 37 represent the summed two-chain carbon atoms, while the numbers from 56 to 68 represent the summed four-chain carbon atoms (from CL). The numbers of treatments </span><span>with different colors</span><span> represent the parameters associated with each condition, ranging from low to high. </span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dinitrogen, nitrous oxide, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation for assessment of warming and ocean acidification impacts on unvegetated estuarine sediments
<p><span>Datasets are made publically available for publication with Communications Earth and Environment, associated with article: "Ocean acidification offsets the effect of warming on sediment denitrification and associated nitrous oxide production". </span><span>Dataset S1. N<sub>2</sub> data (Simone et al., - ds01), Dataset S2. N<sub>2</sub>O data (Simone et al., - ds02), Dataset S3. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation slurry data (Simone et al., - ds03).</span></p>
Fig. 1 in Blautia argi sp. nov., a new anaerobic bacterium isolated from dog faeces
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic consensus tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, reconstructed with the neighbour-joining (NJ), maximumparsimony (MP) and maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithms, indicating the taxonomic positions of isolates and close relatives. Bootstrap values (>70 %, NJ/MP/ML) calculated for 1000 subsets are shown at branch nodes. Atopobium minutum served as an outgroup. Bar, 0.02 subsitutions per nucleotide position.
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