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2,375 results for “Antibiotics”
On the use of antibiotics in plasticity research: gastropod shells unveil a tale of caution
<p>1) Through phenotypic plasticity, individual genotypes can produce multiple phenotypes dependent on the environment. In the modern world, anthropogenic influences such as man-made pharmaceuticals are increasingly prevalent. They might alter observable patterns of plasticity and distort our conclusions regarding the adaptive potential of natural populations.</p> <p>2) Antibiotics are nowadays nearly ubiquitous in aquatic environments and prophylactic antibiotic use is also becoming more common to optimize animal survival and reproductive output in artificial settings. In the well-studied plasticity model system <em>Physella acuta</em>, prophylactic erythromycin treatment acts against gram-positive bacteria and thereby reduces mortality.</p> <p>3) Here, we study its consequences for inducible defence formation in the same species. In a 2×2 split-clutch design, we reared 635 <em>P. acuta</em> in either the presence or absence of this antibiotic, followed by 28-day exposure to either high or low predation risk as perceived through conspecific alarm cues.</p> <p>4) Under antibiotic treatment, risk-induced increases in shell thickness, a well-known plastic response in this model system, were larger and consistently detectable. Antibiotic treatment reduced shell thickness in low-risk individuals, suggesting that in controls, undiscovered pathogen infection increased shell thickness under low risk. Family variation in risk-induced plasticity was low, but the large variation in responses to antibiotics among families suggests different pathogen susceptibility between genotypes. Lastly, individuals that developed thicker shells had reduced total mass, which highlights resource trade-offs.</p> <p>5) Antibiotics thus have the potential to uncover a larger extent of plasticity, but might counterintuitively distort plasticity estimates for natural populations where pathogens are a part of natural ecology.</p>
Gut microbiota inter-species interactions shape the response of Clostridioides difficile to clinically relevant antibiotics
<p>In the human gut, the growth of <em>Clostridioides difficile </em>is impacted by a complex web of inter-species interactions with members of human gut microbiota. We investigate the contribution of inter-species interactions on the antibiotic response of <em>C. difficile </em>to clinically relevant antibiotics using bottom-up assembly of human gut communities. We discover two classes of microbial interactions that alter <em>C. </em>difficile’s antibiotic susceptibility: interactions resulting in increased <em>C. diffiicle </em>tolerance at high antibiotic concentrations (rare) and interactions resulting in <em>C. difficile </em>growth enhancement at low antibiotic concentrations (common). Based on genome-wide transcriptional profiling data, we demonstrate that metal sequestration due to hydrogen sulfide production by the prevalent gut species <em>Desulfovibrio piger </em>increases metronidazole tolerance of <em>C. difficile</em>. Competition with species that display higher sensitivity to the antibiotic than <em>C. difficile </em>leads to enhanced growth of <em>C. difficile </em>at low antibiotic concentrations. A dynamic computational model identifies the ecological design principles driving this effect. Our results provide a deeper understanding of ecological and molecular principles shaping <em>C. difficile</em>’s response to antibiotics, which could inform therapeutic interventions.In the human gut, the growth of <em>Clostridioides difficile </em>is impacted by a complex web of inter-species interactions with members of human gut microbiota. We investigate the contribution of inter-species interactions on the antibiotic response of <em>C. difficile </em>to clinically relevant antibiotics using bottom-up assembly of human gut communities. We discover two classes of microbial interactions that alter <em>C. </em>difficile’s antibiotic susceptibility: interactions resulting in increased <em>C. diffiicle </em>tolerance at high antibiotic concentrations (rare) and interactions resulting in <em>C. difficile </em>growth enhancement at low antibiotic concentrations (common). Based on genome-wide transcriptional profiling data, we demonstrate that metal sequestration due to hydrogen sulfide production by the prevalent gut species <em>Desulfovibrio piger </em>increases metronidazole tolerance of <em>C. difficile</em>. Competition with species that display higher sensitivity to the antibiotic than <em>C. difficile </em>leads to enhanced growth of <em>C. difficile </em>at low antibiotic concentrations. A dynamic computational model identifies the ecological design principles driving this effect. Our results provide a deeper understanding of ecological and molecular principles shaping <em>C. difficile</em>’s response to antibiotics, which could inform therapeutic interventions.</p>
Kinetic in support of "Pre-Steady-State Kinetic Characterization of an Antibiotic-Resistant Mutant of Staphylococcus aureus DNA Polymerase PolC"
<p>These are KinTek Explorer mechanism files containing the data and analysis described in the manuscript "Pre-Steady-State Kinetic Characterization of an Antibiotic-Resistant Mutant of Staphylococcus aureus DNA Polymerase PolC" (bioRxiv 2022.10.04.510889; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.04.510889). </p>
Save your money, save your health: Antibiotics cannot cure a virus. (Jiwekee akiba, kwaajili ya afya yako. Antibayotiki haitibu virusi).
<p>Video in Swahili with English subtitles, containing an example of pharmacist advising a client against purchasing antibiotics at the first sign of flu-like symptoms and giving information on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). </p> <p>Video produced as part of a Participatory Action Research Workshop with young professionals in Mwanza, Tanzania to create public health messages on Antimicrobial Resistance in a post-COVID East Africa in June 2022. This builds off of the data gathered in two international, interdisciplinary research projects (HATUA - Holistic Approaches to Understanding Antimicrobial Resistance in East Africa and CARE - COVID-19 and Antimicrobial Resistance in East Africa – Impact and Response), seeking to understand the wider medical and societal drivers of AMR in East Africa and identify possible interventions to curb the spread of AMR. The workshop ran for 9 days over a 3 week period and consisted of focus group style discussions with participants to explore issues surrounding AMR, antibiotic use, and public health messaging awareness in local communities (Days 1-2),participant-led design of poster, radio, and video messages with feedback from the research team and introduction to filming/recording equipment (days 3-4), filming, shooting and recording materials within local settings in Mwanza with participants serving as actors, directors, and crew with guidance from research team (days 4-8) and a final in-person review and hands-on feedback of preliminary mock-ups of posters and videos (day 9). Participants have continued to collaborate via email and WhatsApp as materials were finalised. </p> <p>Reflexive self-critique: Video and sound quality are a reflection of the participatory approach to producing materials. We are also acknowledge that there are several issues which could have been highlighted in greater detail, particularly considering the post-COVID context e.g., covering one's mouth when coughing, using hand sanitiser and social distancing, for example. </p> <p>Correspondence: kjf4@st-andrews.ac.uk; mgk@st-andrews.ac.uk</p> <p> </p>
Multispecies coinfections and presence of antibiotics shape resistance and fitness costs in a pathogenic bacterium
<p>Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a challenge for treatment of bacterial diseases. In real life, bacterial infections are typically <span>embedded within complex multispecies communities and influenced by the environment, which can shape </span>costs and benefits of AMR. However, knowledge of such interactions and their implications for AMR <em>in vivo</em> is limited. <span>To address this knowledge gap, we investigated fitness-related traits of a pathogenic bacterium (</span><em>Flavobacterium</em> <em>columnare</em><span>)</span> <span>in its fish host, capturing the effects of bacterial antibiotic resistance, multispecies coinfections</span> <span>(metazoan fluke </span><span><em>Diplostomum</em> <em>pseudospathaceum</em></span><span>), and antibiotic exposure. </span>We quantified real-time replication and virulence of sensitive and resistant bacteria and demonstrate that both bacteria can benefit from coinfection in terms of persistence and replication, depending on the coinfecting partner and antibiotic presence. We also show that antibiotics can benefit resistant bacteria by increasing bacterial replication under coinfection with flukes. These results emphasize the importance of diverse, inter-kingdom coinfection interactions and antibiotic exposure in shaping costs and benefits of AMR, supporting their role as significant contributors to the spread and long-term persistence of resistance.</p>
Influence of endosymbionts on the reproductive fitness of the tick Ornithodoros moubata tested through elimination of the microbiota using antibiotic treatments
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Over the past ten years, many studies demonstrated the crucial role of the tick microbiome in tick biology. The soft tick <em>Ornithodoros moubata</em> is a hematophagous ectoparasite of Suidae particularly known to transmit the African swine fever virus. Its bacterial microbiota is characterized by a high prevalence of <em>Francisella</em>-like and <em>Rickettsia</em> endosymbionts. The present study aims to better understand the potential influence of the microbiota on the reproductive fitness of <em>O. moubata</em>. A total of 132 adult female ticks were treated using gentamycin or rifampicin added to the blood meal. Half of the ticks also received a supplementation with B vitamins to address the nutritional role of endosymbionts. Over two periods of 50 days, several traits related to reproductive fitness were monitored to investigate the importance of <em>Francisella</em> and <em>Rickettsia</em> for those traits. It appeared that most of the considered reproductive parameters were not affected. However, antibiotic treatments induced an increase in the tick survival indicating a potential fitness cost of harboring endosymbionts for ticks during the reproduction period. Similarly, 366 first-stage nymphs of <em>Ornithodoros moubata</em> were exposed to the same treatments for molecular quantification of both endosymbionts. Results from qPCR suggested that treatments produced a bacteriostatic effect on endosymbionts without fully eliminating <em>Francisella</em> or <em>Rickettsia</em>.</p>
Resurrecting Ancient Antibiotics: Unveiling the Origins of Modern Lipid II Targeting Glycopeptides
<p>Data supporting the publication "Resurrecting Ancient Antibiotics: Unveiling the Origins of Modern Lipid II Targeting Glycopeptides"</p>
Effect of Direct-from-blood Bacterial Testing on Antibiotic Administration and Clinical Outcomes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06069206. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 18.
Effect of Emergency Department Care Reorganization on Door-to-antibiotic Times for Sepsis (LDS SWARM)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03226366. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Antibiotic Choice On ReNal Outcomes (ACORN)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05094154. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 26.
Multispecies coinfections and presence of antibiotics shape resistance and fitness costs in a pathogenic bacterium
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Data from: The impact of long-term azithromycin on antibiotic resistance in HIV-associated chronic lung disease
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Data from: Costs of antibiotic resistance genes depend on host strain and environment and can influence community composition
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Influence of endosymbionts on the reproductive fitness of the tick Ornithodoros moubata tested through elimination of the microbiota using antibiotic treatments
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Adaptation at different points along antibiotic concentration gradients
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Data from: Social behavior mediates the microbiome response to antibiotic treatment in a wild mammal
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On the use of antibiotics in plasticity research: gastropod shells unveil a tale of caution
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Data from: Observation of persister cell histories reveals diverse modes of survival in antibiotic persistence
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Data from: Growth productivity as a determinant of the inoculum effect for bactericidal antibiotics
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Nano MOFs as targeted drug delivery agents to combat antibiotic resistant bacterial infections
<p>The drug resistance of bacteria is a significant threat to human civilization while the action of antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria is severely limited due to the hydrophobic nature of drug molecules, which unquestionably inhibit its permanency for clinical applications. The antibacterial action of nanomaterials offers major modalities to combat drug resistance of bacteria. The current work reports, the use of nano MOFs encapsulating drug molecules to enhance its antibacterial activity against model drug-resistant free living bacteria and biofilm of the bacteria. We have attached rifampicin (RF), a well-documented antituberculosis drug with tremendous pharmacological significance, into the pore surface of zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF8) by a <span><span>simple synthetic procedure</span></span><span>.</span> The synthesized ZIF8 has been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) method before and after drug encapsulation. The electron microscopic strategies such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) methods was performed to characterize the binding between ZIF8 and RF. We have also performed picosecond resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to validate the formation of the ZIF8-RF nanohybrids (NHs). The drug release profile experiment demonstrates that ZIF8-RF depicts pH-responsive drug delivery and ideal for targeting bacterial disease corresponding to its inherent acidic nature. Most remarkably, ZIF8-RF gives enhanced antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) bacteria and also prompts entire damage of structurally robust bacterial biofilms. Overall, the present study depicts a detailed physical insight for manufactured antibiotic-encapsulated NHs presenting tremendous antimicrobial activity that can be beneficial for manifold practical applications.</p>
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