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Fig. 4 in Molecular and morphological variation among the European species of the genus Aphidius Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)
Fig. 4 Shape changes associated with the first two PCs are shown as extreme wing shapes (black line) representing the shape of species with maximal positive and negative scores of each axis compared to mean shape of the sample (grey line)
Fig. 3 in Molecular and morphological variation among the European species of the genus Aphidius Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)
Fig. 3 Distribution of species in morphospace defined by two the PC axes. The phylogeny presented in Fig. 2 is superimposed onto the two- dimensional morphospace defined by PC1 and PC2. Clades 1– 6 colour-coded as in Fig. 2
Fig. 2 in Molecular and morphological variation among the European species of the genus Aphidius Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)
Fig. 2 Maximum parsimony analysis of Aphidius mitochondrial COI haplotypes. The evolutionary history was inferred using the maximum parsimony method. The percentage of replicate trees in which> 90% of the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 replicates) is shown next to the branches. The MP tree was obtained using the close-neighbour-interchange algorithm with search level 1, in which the initial trees were obtained with the random addition of sequences. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths calculated using the average pathway method and expressed in units of the number of changes over the whole sequence. The description of haplotypes is given in Table 1.
FIGURES 13–18. Aphidius and Lysiphlebus species. 13, A in Hieracium-associated aphid parasitoid guilds (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Europe
FIGURES 13–18. Aphidius and Lysiphlebus species. 13, A. hieraciorum Starý, forewing. 14, A. hieraciorum, propodeum, dorsal aspect. 15, L. fabarum (Marshall), propodeum, dorsal aspect. 16, A. hieraciorum, petiole, dorsal aspect. 17, A. funebris Mackauer, forewing. 18, A. funebris, petiole, dorsal aspect.
Data from: Susceptibility of Macrosiphum euphorbiae to the parasitoid Aphidius ervi: larval development depends on host aphid genotype
The potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini), is a common polyphagous aphid in Europe and North America. However, the factors influencing potato aphid dynamics and susceptibility to natural enemies are largely undescribed, particularly in relation to facultative endosymbiotic bacteria, which can provide protection against parasitism and disease in some aphid species. This study investigated whether potato aphid susceptibility to one of its principal natural enemies, the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), varied in relation to aphid genotype and/or endosymbiont presence. Parasitism and aphid fitness assays were conducted on clonal lineages of aphids, harbouring their natural endosymbiont infections, collected over 3 years from separate geographic locations. Parasitized aphids were dissected to quantify parasitoid oviposition, larval development, and mummification. Amongst the 19 clonal lines of M. euphorbiae tested, seven aphid genotypes were identified, and 11 lines harboured one or both of the facultative endosymbionts Hamiltonella defensa Moran et al. and Regiella insecticola Moran et al.; H. defensa infections were associated exclusively with two of the seven M. euphorbiae genotypes. Parasitism resistance was detected in clonal lines belonging to a single aphid genotype and resulted from failure of parasitoid eggs to develop into larvae rather than failure of the parasitoid to oviposit. Contrary with studies of several other aphid species, there was little evidence that H. defensa provided strong protection to M. euphorbiae from parasitism by A. ervi. Furthermore, there were no clear fitness costs to the aphid associated with parasitism resistance or with H. defensa infection. The two M. euphorbiae genotypes in which H. defensa occurred, which included the resistant genotype, exhibited faster development, higher survival, and greater fecundity than the other five aphid genotypes. These findings suggest that biological control of M. euphorbiae using A. ervi alone could exacerbate pest problems by selecting for the fittest parasitism-resistant genotypes.
Data from: Plastic responses of some life history traits and cellular components of body size in Aphidius ervi as related to the age of its host Acyrthosiphon pisum
Phenotypic plasticity of wing size and shape has been evaluated in Aphidius ervi developing in its host, Acyrthosiphon pisum, parasitized at seven different ages. The parasitoid wing size was used as an estimator of both whole body size and its cellular composition. No size difference was observed in A. ervi adults emerged from aphids 1, 2 or 3 days old at parasitization. Body size then increased in A. ervi emerged from hosts older at parasitization. Body size values as related to host age at parasitization were achieved by adjusting developmental time, developmental rate or both. Parasitoids of similar size, but developed in hosts parasitized at different ages, had different wing cellular composition, while the increase of parasitoid body size was related to a general increase in both cell area and cell number. These results seem to suggest a trade-off between adult size and developmental time, at least for parasitoids developed at the two extremes of host ages at parasitization, and that A. ervi can reach the same adult size via different trajectories, adapting its ontogenetic processes. Wing shape was typical for all the different parasitoid classes considered and differed strongly between males and females, independent of their size. Parasitoid males (haploids) and females (diploids) did not differ in either cell area or cell number, suggesting a possible sex-determined dosage compensation in somatic tissue endoreplication.
Figure 5 from: Kim S, Tomanović Ž, Yu Y, Sohn J, Han Y, Lee G, Kim H (2021) Three new species of the genus Aphidius (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from South Korea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 63-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.70767
Figure 5 Aphidius areolatus Ashmead, female A body B wing C antennae D head E propodeum F dorsal view of petiole G lateral view of petiole.
Figure 4 from: Kim S, Tomanović Ž, Yu Y, Sohn J, Han Y, Lee G, Kim H (2021) Three new species of the genus Aphidius (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from South Korea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 63-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.70767
Figure 4 Aphidius asiaticus Kim & Tomanović, sp. nov., female A body B wing C antennae D head E propodeum F dorsal view of petiole G lateral view of petiole.
Figure 2 from: Kim S, Tomanović Ž, Yu Y, Sohn J, Han Y, Lee G, Kim H (2021) Three new species of the genus Aphidius (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from South Korea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 63-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.70767
Figure 2 Aphidius longicarpus Kim & Tomanović, sp. nov., female A body B wing C antennae D head E propodeum F dorsal view of petiole G lateral view of petiole.
Figure 3 from: Kim S, Tomanović Ž, Yu Y, Sohn J, Han Y, Lee G, Kim H (2021) Three new species of the genus Aphidius (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from South Korea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 63-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.70767
Figure 3 Aphidius longistigmus Kim & Tomanović, sp. nov., female A body B wing C antennae D head E propodeum F dorsal view of petiole G lateral view of petiole.
Supplementary material 1 from: Kim S, Tomanović Ž, Yu Y, Sohn J, Han Y, Lee G, Kim H (2021) Three new species of the genus Aphidius (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from South Korea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 63-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.70767
Table S1
Figure 1 from: Kim S, Tomanović Ž, Yu Y, Sohn J, Han Y, Lee G, Kim H (2021) Three new species of the genus Aphidius (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) from South Korea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 63-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.70767
Figure 1 Neighbour-joining tree of 28 Aphidius spp. from South Korea based on their COI DNA barcode. Diaeretiella rapae was used for an outgroup.
Supplementary material 1 from: Petrović A, Čkrkić J, Jamhour A, Petrović-Obradović O, Mitrović M, Starý P, Nedstam B, Tomanović Ž (2017) First record of Aphidius ericaphidis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Europe: North American hitchhiker or overlooked Holarctic citizen? Journal of Hymenoptera Research 57: 143-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.57.12517
Table S1. Parasitoids of Ericaphis aphids from North America and Europe :
Figure 2 from: Petrović A, Čkrkić J, Jamhour A, Petrović-Obradović O, Mitrović M, Starý P, Nedstam B, Tomanović Ž (2017) First record of Aphidius ericaphidis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Europe: North American hitchhiker or overlooked Holarctic citizen? Journal of Hymenoptera Research 57: 143-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.57.12517
Figure 2 - Phylogenetic tree based on COI sequences inferred by Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. Bootstrap values over 80% are shown.
Figure 1 from: Petrović A, Čkrkić J, Jamhour A, Petrović-Obradović O, Mitrović M, Starý P, Nedstam B, Tomanović Ž (2017) First record of Aphidius ericaphidis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Europe: North American hitchhiker or overlooked Holarctic citizen? Journal of Hymenoptera Research 57: 143-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.57.12517
Figure 1 - Aphidius ericaphidis female: A antenna B head C mesonotum – dorsal aspect D propodeum – dorsal aspect E petiole – dorsal aspect F ovipositor – lateral aspect.
Figure 2 in Host instars preference, density-dependent parasitism and behavioral perspective of parasitoids (Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae and Aphelinus abdominalis) in Aphis glycines and Aphis gossypii
Figure 2: Parasitism percentage of parasitoids (Ad. colemani, Ad. matricariae and Al. abdominalis) on different host instars of (A) As. glycines (n= 30) and (B) As. gossypii (n= 30).
Figure 4 in Host instars preference, density-dependent parasitism and behavioral perspective of parasitoids (Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae and Aphelinus abdominalis) in Aphis glycines and Aphis gossypii
Figure 4: Parasitism percentage of parasitoids (Ad. colemani, Ad. matricariae and Al. abdominalis) at different host density levels of (A) As. glycines and (B) As. gossypii. C1 (1:1) Control, C2 (10:1), C3 (50:5), C4 (100:10), C5 (200:20).
Figure 3 in Host instars preference, density-dependent parasitism and behavioral perspective of parasitoids (Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae and Aphelinus abdominalis) in Aphis glycines and Aphis gossypii
Figure 3: Comparison of parasitism of parasitoids (Ad. colemani, Ad. matricariae and Al. abdominalis) on different host density levels of (A) As. glycines and (B) As. gossypii. C1 (1:1) Control, C2 (10:1), C3 (50:5), C4 (100:10), C5 (200:20).
Fig. 5 in Molecular and morphological variation among the European species of the genus Aphidius Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)
Fig. 5 Species in morphospace defined by CS and phylogeny superimposed
Data from: Susceptibility of Macrosiphum euphorbiae to the parasitoid Aphidius ervi: larval development depends on host aphid genotype
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