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147 results for “Bacterial pathogens”
Adaptation to a bacterial pathogen in Drosophila melanogaster is not aided by sexual selection
<p>Theory predicts that sexual selection should aid adaptation to novel environments, but empirical support for this idea is limited. Pathogens are a major driver of host evolution and, unlike abiotic selection pressures, undergo epidemiological and co-evolutionary cycles with the host involving adaptation and counteradaptation. Because of this, populations harbor ample genetic variation underlying immunity and the opportunity for sexual selection based on condition-dependent "good genes" is expected to be large. In this study, we evolved populations of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> in a 2-way factorial design manipulating sexual selection and pathogen presence, using a gram-negative insect pathogen <em>Pseudomonas entomophila</em>, for 14 generations. We then examined how the presence of sexual selection and the pathogen, as well as any potential interaction, affected the evolution of pathogen resistance. We found increased resistance to <em>P. entomophila</em> in populations that evolved under pathogen pressure, driven primarily by increased female survival after infection despite selection for resistance acting only on males over the course of experimental evolution. This result suggests that the genetic basis of resistance is in part shared between the sexes. We did not find any evidence of sexual selection aiding adaptation to pathogen, however, a finding contrary to the predictions of "good genes" theory. Our results therefore provide no support for a role for sexual selection in the evolution of immunity in this experimental system.</p>
ROS and SGI data for manuscript "The perception and evolution of flagellin, cold shock protein, and elongation factor Tu from vector-borne bacterial plant pathogens"
<p>This contains raw data for the ROS and seedling growth inhibition (SGI) assays collected for the manuscript "The perception and evolution of flagellin, cold shock protein, and elongation factor Tu from vector-borne bacterial plant pathogens". For a quick reference, there are two spreadsheets listing all the Max RLUs and Z-scores for the experiments, but the actual output of each plate reader is also included. </p>
Data from: The Red Death meets the abdominal bristle: polygenic mutation for susceptibility to a bacterial pathogen in Caenorhabditis elegans
Understanding the genetic basis of susceptibility to pathogens is an important goal of medicine and of evolutionary biology. A key first step toward understanding the genetics and evolution of any phenotypic trait is characterizing the role of mutation. However, the rate at which mutation introduces genetic variance for pathogen susceptibility in any organism is essentially unknown. Here we quantify the per-generation input of genetic variance by mutation (VM) for susceptibility of Caenorhabditis elegans to the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (defined as the median time of death, LT50). VM for LT50 is slightly less than VM for a variety of life-history and morphological traits in this strain of C. elegans, but is well within the range of reported values in a variety of organisms. Mean LT50 did not change significantly over 250 generations of mutation accumulation. Comparison of VM to the standing genetic variance (VG) implies a strength of selection against new mutations of a few tenths of a percent. These results suggest that the substantial standing genetic variation for susceptibility of C. elegans to P. aeruginosa can be explained by polygenic mutation coupled with purifying selection.
Subglottic Secretions Surveillance to Predict Bacterial Pathogens Involved in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02585180. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Investigation of Clinical Spectrum, Bacterial Pathogens and Immune Response in Acute Pharyngotonsillitis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00926198. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Molecular Basis of Human Phagocyte Interactions With Bacterial Pathogens
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00339287. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Using the wax moth larva Galleria mellonella infection model to detect emerging bacterial pathogens
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Data from: The Red Death meets the abdominal bristle: polygenic mutation for susceptibility to a bacterial pathogen in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Data from: Evolution of both host resistance and tolerance to an emerging bacterial pathogen
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Data from: A comparison between transcriptome sequencing and 16S metagenomics for detection of bacterial pathogens in wildlife
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Data from: Higher resource level promotes virulence in an environmentally transmitted bacterial fish pathogen
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Adaptation to a bacterial pathogen in Drosophila melanogaster is not aided by sexual selection
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Data from: Broad thermal tolerance is negatively correlated with virulence in an opportunistic bacterial pathogen
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Experimental evidence for stabilising selection on virulence in a bacterial pathogen
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Bacterial community richness shifts the balance between volatile organic compound-mediated microbe-pathogen and microbe-plant interactions
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Data from: Contrasting evolution of virulence and replication rate in an emerging bacterial pathogen
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Genome reduction is associated with bacterial pathogenicity across different scales of temporal and ecological divergence - between species core gene alignments
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Data from: Parasites and competitors suppress bacterial pathogen synergistically due to evolutionary trade-offs
Parasites and competitors are important for regulating pathogen densities and subsequent disease dynamics. It is, however, unclear to what extent this is driven by ecological and evolutionary processes. Here we used experimental evolution to study the eco-evolutionary feedbacks between Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial pathogen, Ralstonia-specific phage parasite and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens competitor bacterium in the laboratory and plant rhizosphere. We found that while the phage had a small effect on pathogen densities on its own, it considerably increased the R. solanacearum sensitivity to antibiotics produced by B. amyloliquefaciens. Instead of density effects, this synergy was due to phage-driven increase in phage resistance that led to trade-off with the resistance to B. amyloliquefaciens antibiotics. While no evidence was found for pathogen resistance evolution to B. amyloliquefaciens antibiotics, the fitness cost of adaptation (reduced growth) was highest when the pathogen had evolved in the presence of both parasite and competitor. Qualitatively similar patterns were found between laboratory and greenhouse experiments even though the evolution of phage resistance was considerably attenuated in the tomato rhizosphere. These results suggest that evolutionary trade-offs can impose strong constraints on disease dynamics and that combining phages and antibiotic-producing bacteria could be an efficient way to control agricultural pathogens.
Data from: Diverse mechanisms of metaeffector activity in an intracellular bacterial pathogen, Legionella pneumophila
Pathogens deliver complex arsenals of translocated effector proteins to host cells during infection, but the extent to which these proteins are regulated once inside the eukaryotic cell remains poorly defined. Among all bacterial pathogens, Legionella pneumophila maintains the largest known set of translocated substrates, delivering over 300 proteins to the host cell via its Type IVB, Icm/Dot translocation system. Backed by a few notable examples of effector–effector regulation in L. pneumophila, we sought to define the extent of this phenomenon through a systematic analysis of effector–effector functional interaction. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an established proxy for the eukaryotic host, to query > 108,000 pairwise genetic interactions between two compatible expression libraries of ~330 L. pneumophila‐translocated substrates. While capturing all known examples of effector–effector suppression, we identify fourteen novel translocated substrates that suppress the activity of other bacterial effectors and one pair with synergistic activities. In at least nine instances, this regulation is direct—a hallmark of an emerging class of proteins called metaeffectors, or "effectors of effectors". Through detailed structural and functional analysis, we show that metaeffector activity derives from a diverse range of mechanisms, shapes evolution, and can be used to reveal important aspects of each cognate effector's function. Metaeffectors, along with other, indirect, forms of effector–effector modulation, may be a common feature of many intracellular pathogens—with unrealized potential to inform our understanding of how pathogens regulate their interactions with the host cell.
Data from: Identification of a bacterial pathogen associated with Porites white patch syndrome in the Western Indian Ocean
Porites white patch syndrome (PWPS) is a coral disease recently described in the western Indian Ocean. This study aimed to isolate and identify potential pathogens associated with PWPS utilising both culture and non-culture screening techniques and inoculation trials. A total of 14 bacterial strains (those dominant in disease lesions, absent or rare in healthy tissues and considered potential pathogens in a previous study) were cultured and used to experimentally inoculate otherwise healthy individuals in an attempt to fulfil Henle-Koch's postulates. However, only one (P180R), identified as closely related (99-100% sequence identity based on 1.4 kb 16S RNA sequence) to Vibrio tubiashii, elicited signs of disease in tank experiments. Following experimental infection (which resulted in a 90% infection rate), the pathogen was also successfully re-isolated from the diseased tissues and re-inoculated in healthy corals colonies, therefore fulfilling the final stages of Henle-Koch's postulates. Finally we report that PWPS appears to be a temperature-dependent disease, with significantly higher tissue loss (ANOVA: df= 2, F=39.77, P<0.01) occurring at 30°C (1.45 ± 0.85 cm2 day−1 (mean ± SE)) compared to ambient temperatures of 28°C and 26°C (0.73 ± 0.80 cm2 day−1 (mean ± SE) and 0.51 ± 0.50 cm2 day−1 (mean ± SE), respectively).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.