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Fig. 5. 3D in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)

Fig. 5. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data of the deformed shell, (MCSMNH-PMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 34099[spm4]) from Cetinska pećina. A. Aperture view. B. Aperture facing right view. C. Apical view. D. Dorsal view. E. Aperture facing left view. F. Ventral view with umbilicus covered by last quarter of shell whorl.

Fig. 1 in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)

Fig. 1. Map showing Western Balkan cave localities of populations of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856. Cave localities are indicated in red.

Fig. 3 in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)

Fig. 3. Light microscopic images of shells from the caves Benetina pećina (SE Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Cetinska pećina (Montenegro) with specimen labels. A. Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916, lectotype (NHMW Moll.Coll.Edlauer 32.749) from Benetina pećina. B–C. Zospeum tortuosum Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov., paratypes (MCSMNH-PMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 34099[spm2-3]) from Cetinska pećina. D. Zospeum tortuosum Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov., holotype (MCSMNHPMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 34099[spm1]) from Cetinska pećina. E. Deformed shell (MCSMNH-PMSLMoll.-FVelkovrh 34099[spm4]) from Cetinska pećina.

Fig. 14. 3D in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)

Fig. 14. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data of Zospeum constrictum Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov. (NHMW Mol.Coll.Edlauer 16.693). A–F. Holotype. A. Aperture and dorsal views. B. Aperture facing right view. C. Apical view showing upper right side of final whorl tucked underneath spire. D. Dorsal view. E. Aperture facing left view. F. Ventral view. G–L. Paratype (Fig. 13B). G. Aperture view. H. Aperture facing right view. I. Apical view showing upper right side of final whorl tucked underneath spire. J. Dorsal view. K. Aperture facing left view. L. Ventral view.

Fig. 20. 3D in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)

Fig. 20. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data of Zospeum sp. 2, Taleža pećina, bei Trebinje, BiH, presented as Z. troglobalcanicum in Inäbnit et al. 2021 (NMBE 553414/1 (ex RSC 1981). A. Aperture view showing low, ridge-like fold on inner penultimate whorl. B. Aperture facing right view showing smooth columella. C. Apical view. D. Dorsal view. E. Aperture facing right view. F. Ventral view showing peristome edge directly parallel to umbilical depression.

Fig. 8. 3D in 3D X-ray microscopy (Micro-CT) and SEM reveal Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 and allied species from the Western Balkans (Ellobioidea: Carychiidae)

Fig. 8. 3D visualizations of Micro-CT data of shells from the caves Lipska pećina and Duboki do (Montenegro). A–F. Zospeum troglobalcanicum Absolon, 1916 (MCSMNH-PMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 29603) (Fig. 7A). A. Aperture view. B. Aperture facing right view. C. Apical view. D. Dorsal view. E. Aperture facing left view. F. Ventral view showing reduced umbilical depression. G–L. Zospeum dubokidoense Jochum & Ruthensteiner sp. nov., holotype (MCSMNH-PMSL-Moll.-FVelkovrh 30360[spm1]). G. Aperture view. H. Aperture facing right view. I. Apical view. J. Dorsal view. K. Aperture facing left view. L. Ventral view showing no umbilical depression.

Figs 23–26. Pritha vestita, male. 23 in New Faunistic And Taxonomic Notes On The Haplogyne And Cribellate Spiders (Araneae: Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae, Filistatidae, Sicariidae) From Three Balkan Countries

Figs 23–26. Pritha vestita, male. 23 = habitus, dorsal view, 24 = ditto, ventral view. 25 = left male palp, prolateral view, 26 = ditto, retrolateral view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm

Figs 19–22 in New Faunistic And Taxonomic Notes On The Haplogyne And Cribellate Spiders (Araneae: Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae, Filistatidae, Sicariidae) From Three Balkan Countries

Figs 19–22. Pritha parva (two specimens with slight variations in the shape of the tibia and the bulbus), left male palp with normal (19, 20) and with broken tip of embolous (21, 22): 19, 21 = prolateral view, 20, 22 = retrolateral view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm

Figs 15–18 in New Faunistic And Taxonomic Notes On The Haplogyne And Cribellate Spiders (Araneae: Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae, Filistatidae, Sicariidae) From Three Balkan Countries

Figs 15–18. Loxosceles rufescens, left male palp (15, 16) and female vulva (17, 18), different views: 15 = prolateral, 16 = retrolateral, 17 = ventral, 18 = dorsal. Scale bar: 0.3 mm

Figs 8–11 in New Faunistic And Taxonomic Notes On The Haplogyne And Cribellate Spiders (Araneae: Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae, Filistatidae, Sicariidae) From Three Balkan Countries

Figs 8–11. Filistata insidiatrix left male palp (8, 9) and female vulva (10, 11) different views: 8 = prolateral, 9 = retrolateral, 10 = ventral, 11 = dorsal. Scale bar: 0.3 mm

Figs 12–14 in New Faunistic And Taxonomic Notes On The Haplogyne And Cribellate Spiders (Araneae: Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae, Filistatidae, Sicariidae) From Three Balkan Countries

Figs 12–14. Harpactea samuili, left male palp, different views: 12 = prolateral, 13 = retrolateral, 14 = apical view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (Figs 12, 13), 0.1 mm (Fig. 14)

Figs 3–7 in New Faunistic And Taxonomic Notes On The Haplogyne And Cribellate Spiders (Araneae: Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae, Filistatidae, Sicariidae) From Three Balkan Countries

Figs 3–7. Eresus moravicus left male palp (3–5) and female genitalia (6, 7): 3 = prolateral, 4 = ventral and 5 = retrolateral views, 6 = epigyne, ventral view, 7 = vulva, dorsal view. Scale line: 0.5 mm

Figs 13–24 in Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula

Figs 13–24. Head, lateral aspect. Maximally developed males: 13 – Lethrus (Lethrus) halkidikensis sp. nov. (holotype); 16 – L. (L.) perun sp. nov. (holotype); 19 – L. (L.) raymondi Reitter, 1890 (Greece: Néa Filadélfia – OHCB); 22 – L. (L.) strymonensis sp. nov. (holotype). Medium developed males: 14 – Lethrus (L.) halkidikensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Tagarádes – OHCB); 17 – L. (L.) perun sp. nov. (paratype, Bulgaria: Khotovo – OHCB); 20 – L. (L.) raymondi (Greece: Néa Filadélfia – OHCB); 23 – L. (L.) strymonensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Séres – OHCB). Underdeveloped males: 15 – Lethrus (L.) halkidikensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Tagarádes – OHCB); 18 – L. (L.) perun sp. nov. (paratype, Bulgaria: Khotovo – OHCB); 21 – L. (L.) raymondi (Greece: Néa Filadélfia – OHCB); 24 – L. (L.) strymonensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Séres – OHCB). Lettering: a – lateral longitudinal keel on base of ventral mandibular process, b – subapical tooth of ventral mandibular process, c – apical tooth of ventral mandibular process. Schematically, not to scale.

Figs 1–12 in Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula

Figs 1–12. Head, frontal aspect. Maximally developed males: 1 – Lethrus (Lethrus) halkidikensis sp. nov. (holotype); 4 – L. (L.) perun sp. nov. (holotype); 7 – L. (L.) raymondi Reitter, 1890 (Greece: Néa Filadélfia – OHCB); 10 – L. (L.) strymonensis sp. nov. (holotype). Medium developed males: 2 – Lethrus (L.) halkidikensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Tagarádes – OHCB); 5 – L. (L.) perun sp. nov. (paratype, Bulgaria: Khotovo – OHCB); 8 – L. (L.) raymondi (Greece: Néa Filadélfia – OHCB); 11 – L. (L.) strymonensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Séres – OHCB). Underdeveloped males: 3 – Lethrus (L.) halkidikensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Tagarádes – OHCB); 6 – L. (L.) perun sp. nov. (paratype, Bulgaria: Khotovo – OHCB); 9 – L. (L.) raymondi (Greece: Néa Filadélfia – OHCB); 12 – L. (L.) strymonensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Séres – OHCB). Lettering: b – subapical tooth of ventral mandibular process, c – apical tooth of ventral mandibular process, d – inferiobasal tooth of ventral mandibular process, e – apical emargination of ventral mandibular process. Schematically, not to scale.

Fig. 45 in Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula

Fig. 45. Sketch map of the Vardar / Axiós river basin (Macedonia, Greece) with marked distribution of Lethrus (L.) raymondi Reitter, 1890 empty dot represents the type locality.

Figs 39–42 in Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula

Figs 39–42. Habitus in frontolateral aspect. 39 – Lethrus (Lethrus) halkidikiensis sp. nov. (holotype), 40 – L. (L.) perun sp. nov. (holotype), 41 – L. (L.) raymondi Reitter, 1890 (Greece: Néa Filadélfia – OHCB, body length: 28 mm), 42 – L. (L.) strymonensis sp. nov. (holotype).

Figs 25–36 in Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula

Figs 25–36. Head, dorsal aspect. Maximally developed males: 25 – Lethrus (Lethrus) halkidikensis sp. nov. (holotype); 28 – L. (L.) perun sp. nov. (holotype); 31 – L. (L.) raymondi Reitter, 1890 (Greece: Néa Filadélfia – OHCB); 34 – L. (L.) strymonensis sp. nov. (holotype). Medium developed males: 26 – Lethrus (L.) halkidikensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Tagarádes – OHCB); 29 – L. (L.) perun sp. nov. (paratype, Bulgaria: Khotovo – OHCB); 32 – L. (L.) raymondi (Greece: Néa Filadélfia – OHCB); 35 – L. (L.) strymonensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Séres – OHCB). Underdeveloped males: 27 – Lethrus (L.) halkidikensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Tagarádes – OHCB); 30 – L. (L.) perun sp. nov. (paratype, Bulgaria: Khotovo – OHCB); 33 – L. (L.) raymondi (Greece: Néa Filadélfia – OHCB); 36 – L. (L.) strymonensis sp. nov. (paratype, Greece: Séres – OHCB). Lettering: a – lateral longitudinal keel on base of ventral mandibular process. Schematically, not to scale.

Fig. 47 in Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula

Fig. 47. Type locality of Lethrus (L.) halkidikiensis sp. nov. (Greece: Tagarádes, April 2003; photo David Král).

Figs 5–14 in Revision of Alloxysta from the north-western Balkan Peninsula with description of two new species (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Charipinae)

Figs 5–14. Types of radial cell in forewing of Alloxysta species. 5 – A. castanea (Hartig, 1841); 6 – A. macrophadna (Hartig, 1841); 7 – A. pleuralis (Cameron, 1879); 8 – A. mullensis (Cameron, 1883); 9 – A. victrix (Westwood, 1833); 10 – A. fracticornis (Thomson, 1862); 11 – A. arcuata (Kieffer, 1902); 12 – A. brevis (Thomson, 1862); 13 – A. fuscicornis (Hartig, 1841); 14 – A. salicicola Belizin, 1973.

Figs 1–4 in Revision of Alloxysta from the north-western Balkan Peninsula with description of two new species (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Charipinae)

Figs 1–4. General features of Alloxysta species. 1 – mesosoma, lateral view; 2 – metasoma, lateral view; 3 – mesoscutum, dorsal view; 4 – head, frontal view.