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114 results for “Basalts”
Appendix A1 for The olivine-spinel-aSiO2(melt) (OSaS) oxybarometer: A new method for evaluating magmatic oxygen fugacity in olivine-phyric basalts
<p>This repository item contains the code, inputs and benchmarking files for "The olivine-spinel-aSiO2(melt) (OSaS) oxybarometer: A new method for evaluating magmatic oxygen fugacity in olivine-phyric basalts" by Bell, Waters and Ghiorso (2024) in American Mineralogist.</p>
Creep of Basalts Undergoing Carbonation: Effect of Rock-Fluid Interaction
<p>Geological carbon sequestration provides permanent CO<sub>2</sub> storage to mitigate the current high concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere. CO<sub>2</sub> mineralization in basalts has been proven to be one of the most secure storage options. For successful implementation and future improvements of this technology, the time-dependent deformation behavior of basalts in presence of reactive fluids needs to be studied in detail. We conducted load stepping creep experiments on basalts from the CarbFix site (Iceland) under several pore fluid conditions (dry, H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated and H<sub>2</sub>O+CO<sub>2</sub>-saturated) at temperature, T≈80°C and effective pressure, P<sub>eff</sub> = 50 MPa, during which we collected mechanical, acoustic and pore fluid chemistry data. We observed transient creep at stresses as low as 11% of the ultimate failure strength, well below the stress level at the onset of bulk dilatancy. Acoustic emissions (AEs) correlated strongly with strain accumulation, indicating that the creep deformation was a brittle process in agreement with microstructural observations. The rate and magnitude of AEs were higher in fluid-saturated experiments than in dry conditions. The creep data can be empirically fitted using either a log - time or power law time model with stress dependent fitting parameters. We infer that the predominant mechanism governing creep deformation is time- and stress-dependent sub-critical dilatant cracking. Our results suggest that the presence of aqueous fluids exerts first order control on creep deformation of basaltic rocks, while the composition of the fluids plays only a secondary role under the studied conditions.</p>
Discovery of Ultra-depleted Melt Inclusion in Late Cretaceous Intracontinental Basaltic Andesites in South China: Implications for Recycling of Lower Oceanic Crust
<p><strong>Contents of this file </strong></p> <p><strong>S1. Supplementary Text:</strong></p> <p><strong>1. </strong>Data compilation and statistical analysis</p> <p><strong>2.</strong> Reconstructing the chemical compositions of melt inclusion</p> <p><strong>3.</strong> Batch melting calculation</p> <p><strong>4.</strong> Melt-plagioclase diffusive interaction model</p> <p><strong>S2. Supplementary Table:</strong></p> <p><strong>Table S1. </strong>The parameters used in batch melting calculation.</p> <p><strong>Table S2. </strong>Parameters used in the melt-plagioclase diffusive interaction model</p> <p><strong>Table S3. </strong>Input and output data for the melt-plagioclase diffusive interaction model.</p> <p><strong>S3. Supplementary Figure:</strong></p> <p><strong>Figure S1. </strong>Primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns.</p> <p><strong>S4. Supplementary Dataset (uploaded separately):</strong></p> <p><strong>Dataset S1. </strong>Compiled data including basaltic rocks from South China, MORBs, and Hawaiian OIBs.</p> <p><strong>Dataset S2. </strong>Olivine chemical compositions.</p> <p><strong>Dataset S3. </strong>Bulk-rock major oxide, trace element, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions.</p> <p><strong>Dataset S4. </strong>Measured and corrected major element compositions of melt inclusion.</p> <p><strong>Dataset S5. </strong>Measured and corrected trace element compositions of melt inclusion.</p> <p><strong>Dataset S6. </strong>Pb isotopic compositions of melt inclusion.</p>
Data from: Effects of temperature and obsidian content on the friction and stability of simulated basalt gouges: Implications for shallow moonquakes
<p><span>Basalt is a major component of crust on both the Earth and Moon. Mineral composition and temperature influence frictional instability and thus the potential for seismicity on basaltic faults. We performed velocity-stepping shear experiments on basalt gouges at a confining pressure of 100 MPa, temperatures in the range 100-400°C and with varied obsidian contents of 0-100 wt.% under wet/dry conditions to investigate the frictional strength and stability of basaltic faults. We observe a transition from velocity-neutral to velocity-weakening behaviors with increasing obsidian content. The frictional stability response of the mixed obsidian/basalt gouges is characterized by a transition from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening at 200°C and another transition to velocity-strengthening at >300°C. Conversely, frictional strengths of the obsidian-bearing gouges are insensitive to temperature and wet/dry conditions. These results suggest that obsidian content dominates the potential seismic response of basaltic faults with the effect of temperature controlling the range of seismogenic depths. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the nucleation mechanism of shallow moonquakes and also seismicity on terrestrial faults in basalt.</span></p>
Data from: Shallow moonquake mechanisms illuminated by rheologic characteristics of basaltic gouges
<p><span>The projected evolutionary history of the Moon and observed occurrence of moonquakes suggest that brittle faulting is present in the shallow lunar crust. Chang'e 5 samples of lunar regolith show a mineral composition almost identical to basaltic bedrock. We measure the friction-stability characteristics of dry synthetic gouges representative of basaltic faults assumed to be present in the lunar crust. Frictional strengths are ~0.7 and exhibit overall velocity-strengthening response but transition to velocity-weakening at intermediate temperatures (100-300</span><span>℃</span><span>) and stresses (10-100 MPa). Bounding temperature profiles representative of the lunar crust suggest that moonquakes are feasible throughout the shallowest ~40-60 km of the crust. However, observations of unusually high stress drops (up to 210 MPa) are inconsistent with the measured frictional strengths – suggesting that high degrees of healing on preexisting faults or intact crust are present – to augment stress accumulation mechanisms due to tidal forcing or differential thermal cooling.</span></p>
Kirjoituskivi, basalt with hieroglyphs VK6400:7
Basalttiesineen fragmentti, jossa on kaksi kaarevaa viivaa ja niiden sisällä hieroglyfimerkkejä. Lisätietoja: https://finna.fi/Record/museovirasto.B4FC03CA1528C88CD91A6A9225E325E1. Basalt object with two curved lines and inscribed hieroglyphs, small fragment. 3D-digitoitu osana Making Home Abroad / Kotona kulttuurissa -tutkimushanketta 2020-2021, käyttäen digitaalista fotogrammetriaa. 3D-digitointia on yksinkertaistettu huomattavasti katselukokemuksen sujuvoittamiseksi. 3D digitized as part of the Making Home Abroad / Kotona kulttuurissa research project 2020-2021, using digital photogrammetry. The 3D digitization is strongly simplified to ensure a smooth online visualization. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Basalt organs (photogrammetry)
# Photogrammetry of Basalt Organs This 3D model was realised in Reunion Island in "l'Entre-Deux" <br> <br> <strong> Camera: </strong> Sony DSC HX-100V <br> <strong> Type: </strong> Photogrammetry <br> <strong> Focal: </strong> 24 x 36 (Source of Wikipedia): Organs (by analogy with the instrument) or basalt columns are a geological formation made up of regular columns. It results from the solidification and thermal contraction of a basaltic flow shortly after its emission. The lower part, which cools or dries up more slowly, fractures from surface to depth in the form of sub-vertical prisms with a hexagonal section of decimetric order. These columns are surmounted by a zone of small less regular prisms (or "false prism") which can be combined in sheaves. Basaltic organs in the arm of the L'Entre-Deux river. By extension one often qualifies as basaltic organs volcanic formations whose composition is not basaltic, for example in France the organs of Bort and of the Sanadoire rock (made up of phonolite). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Basalt Statues | Sculpture
Basalt Statues | Sculpture | You can find it in the courtyard of the Dar as-Saraya museum, Irbid, Jordan. Worth a visit! Location: https://goo.gl/maps/y57U7gRVTZpJoD1K9 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) Trial - Best Adjustment Strategy for Asthma in Long Term (BASALT)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00495157. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Shallow moonquake mechanisms illuminated by rheologic characteristics of basaltic gouges
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Data from: Gouge stability controlled by temperature elevation and obsidian addition in basaltic faults and implications for moonquakes
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Data from: Signatures of localization control transition between rupture styles on basaltic megathrusts
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Mineralogy and origin of aerosol from an arc basaltic eruption: case study of Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka
<p>Intense emission of volcanic aerosol accompanied the 2012-13 basaltic effusive eruption of Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka. The aerosols sampled contain sulfuric acid droplets, glassy particles and 70 mineral phases. All aerosol particles may be classified by their origin. The fragmentation aerosol includes magma fragments: silicate glass clasts, silicate microspheres and small phenocrysts (olivine, pyroxene and magnetite). The alteration aerosol comprises particles of quenched silicate melt covered with secondary minerals (fluorides, sulfates and oxides/hydroxides of rock-forming elements) and fragments of altered rocks composed solely of secondary minerals. The condensation aerosol dominated the mass during the later stages of the eruption when the explosive activity had ceased, and was characterized by the greatest variety of particle compositions. Na-K sulfate and Fe(III) oxide made more than 95% of the solid fraction of the condensation aerosol. The remaining 5% were represented by native elements (Au, Ag-Pt alloy, Pt); sulfides of Fe, Cu, Ag and Re; oxides and hydroxides of Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, W, Te, Ta and Zr; halides of Al, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Cd, Pb, Ag and Tl; sulfates of Na, K, Pb, Ca and Ba; the only silicate was As-bearing orthoclase. Droplets of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> formed the liquid phase of the condensation aerosol. Some of the aerosols, such as magnetite spherules or phosphate-carbonate-fluorite association, likely had a nonvolcanic origin (country rocks, wood fly ash). Physical and chemical properties of minerals from the volcanic aerosols have an effect on the geochemical and environmental behavior of the trace elements emitted by volcanoes.</p>
XFP-056 Basalt end blade, Sanak Island, Alaska
Basalt biface, end blade, Sanak Island, Alaska. CAT# XFP-056-105 XFP-056 is a group of large house depressions on the south shore of Pauloff Harbor, Sanak Island, Alaska. Multiple radiocarbon dates place it from 300 CE to 800 CE, although the upper most levels may date to the 13th century. These artifacts were scanned with either a Faro Edge Arm or a Minolta Vivid 9i. Processed in Geomagic or Polyworks. 4-8 photos were used for texture in ZBrush. The Sanak Island artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0326584, NSF 0508101, NSF 1139266, NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Fieldwork and analysis done with the permission and collaboration of the Pauloff Harbor Tribe and the Sanak Corporation Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
XPM-098 Basalt Point, Sapsuk River, Alaska
Andesitic basalt. Contracting Tail Point from XPM-098 Trench 1. Dates 2800-2100 BCE. Most common on Sanak Island in deposits ranging from 2000 to 1600 BCE. Unit 2 Level 2, catalog number 481. SR08-01-TT1-U2-L2 Sapsuk River, Nelson Lagoon area, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska. Several salmon fishing sites. Early period dating 3200-2100 BCE, and a later occupation 100 BCE to 500 CE. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Maschner, H. et al. 2010. The Archaeology of the Sapsuk River, Alaska. An Occasional Papers Publication. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Alaska Region, Branch of Regional Archaeology, Anchorage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
XPF-058-101 Biface, Basalt, Sanak Island, Alaska
Biface, Basalt, Sanak Island, Alaska. XFP-058-101 XFP-058 small site on the west shore of Pauloff Harbor, Sanak Island, Alaska. It is a heavily disturbed shell midden with a few small house depressions. It dates approximately 200 BCE to 50 CE. These artifacts were scanned with either a Faro Edge Arm or a Minolta Vivid 9i. Processed in Geomagic or Polyworks. 4-8 photos were used for texture in Geomagic Wrap. The Sanak Island artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0326584, NSF 0508101, NSF 1139266, NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Fieldwork and analysis done with the permission and collaboration of the Pauloff Harbor Tribe and the Sanak Corporation Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Black basalt stela of the goddess Kubaba
Black basalt stela of the goddess Kubaba in low relief holding a mirror and standing beneath a winged sun-disc; moving to right. **Note this may get improved if I can get access.** Height: 1.24 metres (including tenon) Thickness: 0.24 metres Height: 0.15 centimetres (tenon only) Width: 0.48 metres Weight: 418 kilograms (approx) Depth: 0.07 metres (tenon into base mortice) Height: 1.17 metres (total height with base block) COL: [WCO23266](http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?partId=1&objectId=282976) 159 photos from a OnePlus3 mobile phone. Processed in Photoscan. This object is placed close to a wall and is too high for me to reach easily. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Basalt Stele of Godess Kubaba
Basalt semi column bearing relief of the goddess Kubaba; cult statue from temple on citadel; holds a mirror and wears massive necklace; wearing long dress with patterns on sleeves; on the curved back Kamanas, King of Carchemish records the building of her temple and precinct and the dedication of her statue. Date: c.760 BCE Excavated/Findspot: Carchemish, Citadel North-west slope Height: 162.5 centimetres Width: 102.5 centimetres Weight: 1048 kilograms More info: http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=282978&partId=1  Around 400 images from a Canon G7x processed with Agisif PhotoScan. Photography by James Fraser, model processing by Thomas Flynn. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
XFP-052 Basalt Biface, Sanak Island, Alaska
Heavily re-worked basalt biface, Sanak Island, Alaska. CAT# XFP-052-12. XFP-052 is a late prehistoric and early Historic site on Sanak Island, Alaska. It dates 1600-1800 CE. The site is heavily eroded. These artifacts were scanned with either a Faro Edge Arm or a Minolta 9i. Processed in Geomagic or Polyworks. 4-8 photos were used for texture in ZBrush. The Sanak Island artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0326584, NSF 0508101, NSF 1139266, NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Fieldwork and analysis done with the permission and collaboration of the Pauloff Harbor Tribe and the Sanak Corporation Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
XFP-050 Hafted Basalt Knife, Sanak Island, AK
Hafted Basalt Knife, Sanak Island, Alaska. XFP-050-52 XFP-052 is a late prehistoric and early Historic site in Dodds Bay on Sanak Island, Alaska. It dates 1400-1600 CE. But this artifact is likely from an ephemeral lower component dating 200-400 CE. These artifacts were scanned with either a Faro Edge Arm or a Minolta Vivid 9i. Processed in Geomagic or Polyworks. 4-8 photos were used for texture in ZBrush. The Sanak Island artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0326584, NSF 0508101, NSF 1139266, NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Fieldwork and analysis done with the permission and collaboration of the Pauloff Harbor Tribe and the Sanak Corporation Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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