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68 results for “Behavioral defenses”
Fig. 4 in Systematics of Snakes Referred to Dipsas variegata in Panama and Western South America, with Revalidation of Two Species and Notes on Defensive Behaviors in the Dipsadini (Colubridae)
Fig. 4. Dipsas nicholsi (Dunn). Dorsal and lateral views of the head (KU 110312).
Fig. 11 in Systematics of Snakes Referred to Dipsas variegata in Panama and Western South America, with Revalidation of Two Species and Notes on Defensive Behaviors in the Dipsadini (Colubridae)
Fig. 11. Dipsas oreas (Cope). Two juveniles. Top: ANSP 18120, Ecuador. Bottom: FMNH 232572, Peru.
Fig. 3 in Notes on the defensive behavior and activity of Ablepharus kitaibelii (Bibron & Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1833) in Bulgaria
Fig. 3. Thanatosis in an adult individual of A. kitaibelii from Pastrina hill, Montana.
Data from: Variation in defensive and exploratory behaviors across a rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus × viridis) hybrid zone in southwestern New Mexico
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Natural noise affects conspecific signal detection and territorial defense behaviors in songbirds
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FIG. 5 in Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813): two katydids with unusual acoustic, reproductive and defense behaviors (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)
FIG. 5. — Tegminal protest signals of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950: A, B, male; C, D, female. All from wild specimens in studio conditions at 24° C.
FIG. 4 in Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813): two katydids with unusual acoustic, reproductive and defense behaviors (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)
FIG. 4. — Male of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, call and stridulatory apparatus. A-D, call of a wild male in studio conditions at 24°C after a specimen collected in Mitaraka; E, male forewings in dorsal view; F, file in ventral view. Scale bars: 10 mm.
FIG. 3 in Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813): two katydids with unusual acoustic, reproductive and defense behaviors (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)
FIG. 3. — Female of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka: A, forewings in dorsal view; B, detail of forewings showing tu- bercules in dorsal view; C, defensive position. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 5 m.
FIG. 6 in Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813): two katydids with unusual acoustic, reproductive and defense behaviors (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)
FIG. 6. — Mandibular protest signals of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950: A-C, mandibular protest signals produced by a F2 adult female; D, pictures corre- sponding to the time points given in C illustrating the motion of mandibles, clypeus and labrum; E, right mandible (note the area with tubercles in E'; F, clypeus and labrum, inner view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIG. 8 in Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813): two katydids with unusual acoustic, reproductive and defense behaviors (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)
FIG. 8. — Shelters of Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813) in the field: A, the face of a male in visible within a hollow shaft of Astrocaryum Meyer, 1818 leaf, antennae protruding from the entrance; A', when an aperture is made on the shaft, a female is visible behind the male (at the time of the picture, the male was already col- lected); B, entrance of a shelter (male removed); C, disturbed male escaping from the shelter; D, picture of the male singing in A-C during the call.
FIG. 7 in Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813): two katydids with unusual acoustic, reproductive and defense behaviors (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)
FIG. 7. – Call of Gnathoclita vorax Beier, 1950: A-C, Field recording of a male calling from a cavity (26°C); D, male stridulatory apparatus in dorsal view; E, male file in ventral view. Scale bar: D, 5 mm; E, 2.5 mm.
FIG. 2 in Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813): two katydids with unusual acoustic, reproductive and defense behaviors (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)
FIG. 2. — Male of Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950, after a specimen collected in Mitaraka: A, face in front view; B, Head and pronotum in dorsal view; C, right fore femur in front view. Note that the distal most ventral anterior spine is on the axis of the picture; D, hind femur in side view; E, apex of the abdomen in dorsal view; F, cercus in dorsal view; G, subgenital plate in ventral view. Scale bars: A-E, G, 10 mm; F, 1 mm.
Data from: Tadpole body size and behavior alter the social acquisition of a defensive bacterial symbiont
Individual differences in host phenotypes can generate heterogeneity in the acquisition and transmission of microbes. Although this has become a prominent factor of disease epidemiology, host phenotypic variation might similarly underlie the transmission of microbial symbionts that defend against pathogen infection. Using green frog (Lithobates clamitans) tadpoles, we test whether body size and behavior influence the social acquisition of a skin bacterium, Janthinobacterium lividum, which in some hosts can confer protection against infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the causative agent of the amphibian skin disease chytridiomycosis. We measured body size and boldness (time spent in an open field) of green frog tadpoles and haphazardly constructed groups of six individuals. In some groups we exposed one individual in each group to J. lividum and, in other groups, we inoculated a patch of aquarium pebbles to J. lividum. After 24hr, we swabbed each individual to estimate the presence of J. lividum on their skin. On average, tadpoles acquired nearly four times more bacteria when housed with an exposed individual compared to those housed with a patch of inoculated substrate. When tadpoles were housed with an exposed group-mate, larger and "bolder" individuals acquired more bacteria. These data suggest that phenotypically-biased acquisition of defensive symbionts might generate biased patterns of mortality from the pathogens against which they protect.
Data from: Choose your weapon: defensive behavior is associated with morphology and performance in scorpions
Morphology can be adaptive through its effect on performance of an organism. The effect of performance may, however, be modulated by behavior; an organism may choose a behavioral option that does not fully utilize its maximum performance. Behavior may therefore be decoupled from morphology and performance. To gain insight into the relationships between these levels of organization, we combined morphological data on defensive structures with measures of defensive performance, and their utilization in defensive behavior. Scorpion species show significant variation in the morphology and performance of their main defensive structures; their chelae (pincers) and the metasoma ("tail") carrying the stinger. Our data show that size-corrected pinch force varies to almost two orders of magnitude among species, and is correlated with chela morphology. Chela and metasoma morphology are also correlated to the LD50 of the venom, corroborating the anecdotal rule that dangerously venomous scorpions can be recognized by their chelae and metasoma. Analyses of phylogenetic independent contrasts show that correlations between several aspects of chela and metasoma morphology, performance and behavior are present. These correlations suggest co-evolution of behavior with morphology and performance. Path analysis found a performance variable (pinch force) to partially mediate the relationship between morphology (chela aspect ratio) and behavior (defensive stinger usage). We also found a correlation between two aspects of morphology: pincer finger length correlates with the relative "thickness" (aspect ratio) of the metasoma. This suggests scorpions show a trade-off between their two main weapon complexes: the metasoma carrying the stinger, and the pedipalps carrying the chelae.
Data from: Genome-wide association study of a Varroa-specific defense behavior in honeybees (Apis mellifera)
Honey bees are exposed to many damaging pathogens and parasites. The most devastating is Varroa destructor, which mainly affects the brood. A promising approach for preventing its spread is to breed Varroa-resistant honey bees. One trait that has been shown to provide significant resistance against the Varroa mite is hygienic behavior, which is a behavioral response of honeybee workers to brood diseases in general. Here we report the use of an Affymetrix 44K SNP array to analyze SNPs associated with detection and uncapping of Varroa-parasitized brood by individual worker bees (Apis mellifera). For this study, 22,000 individually labeled bees were video-monitored and a sample of 122 cases and 122 controls was collected and analyzed to determine the dependence / independence of SNP genotypes from hygienic and non-hygienic behavior on a genome-wide scale. After false-discovery rate correction of the p-values, six SNP markers had highly significant associations with the trait investigated (alpha < 0.01). Inspection of the genomic regions around these SNPs led to the discovery of putative candidate genes.
Fig. 10 in Systematics of Snakes Referred to Dipsas variegata in Panama and Western South America, with Revalidation of Two Species and Notes on Defensive Behaviors in the Dipsadini (Colubridae)
Fig. 10. Dipsas oreas (Cope). Dorsal and ventral views of a specimen (KU 142803) from Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Except for the neck band, the anterior bands of this specimen are broken middorsally, resulting in a blotched appearance (vs. banded as in fig. 9). Note the heavily pigmented dorsal surface of the head, the lightening of the central portions of the dorsal blotches, the anterior interspaces narrower than the bands, and heavy speckling on the venter. All these are characteristic of D. oreas, but not of D. andiana.
Fig. 14 in Systematics of Snakes Referred to Dipsas variegata in Panama and Western South America, with Revalidation of Two Species and Notes on Defensive Behaviors in the Dipsadini (Colubridae)
Fig. 14. Dipsas andiana (Boulenger). Top: Juvenile specimen from Pichincha province, Ecuador (KU 164211); compare with the juvenile holotype in figure 7. Bottom: Adult specimen from an unknown locality (AMNH 58204).
Fig. 7 in Systematics of Snakes Referred to Dipsas variegata in Panama and Western South America, with Revalidation of Two Species and Notes on Defensive Behaviors in the Dipsadini (Colubridae)
Fig. 7. Dipsas andiana (Boulenger). Dorsal and ventral views of the holotype (BMNH 1946.1.20.12) from an unknown locality in Ecuador.
Data from: Evolution of behavioral and cellular defenses against parasitoid wasps in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup
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Data from: Plant defense negates pathogen manipulation of vector behavior
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.