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66 results for “Below ground diversity”
Figure 7 in Cryptic and non-cryptic diversity in New Guinea ground snakes of the genus Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854: a description of four new species (Squamata: Colubridae)
Figure 7. Photographs of holotype Stegonotus melanolabiatus sp. nov. AMS 115343 showing (clockwise from top left) dorsal of body, ventral of body, dorsal of head, lateral of head. Photos from Sara Ruane.
Figure 1 in Cryptic and non-cryptic diversity in New Guinea ground snakes of the genus Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854: a description of four new species (Squamata: Colubridae)
Figure 1. Photographs of six New Guinea Stegonotus species in life including voucher numbers: (a) Stegonotus cucullatus LSUMZ 94371, (b) Stegonotus diehli LSUMZ 92345, (c) Stegonotus modestus LSUMZ 92327, (d) Stegonotus heterurus BPBM 22556, (e) Stegonotus parvus LSUMZ 92335, (f) Stegonotus guentheri LSUMZ 94386. Photos from Christopher C. Austin (a, b, c, e, f) and F. Kraus (d).
Fig. 2 in Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Diversity and Body-Size Variation in Four Land Use Types in a Mountainous Area Near Beijing, China
Fig. 2. Non-linear two-dimensional scaling of carabid samples based on Euclidean distance. a) All carabids in 2011, b) all carabids in 2012, c) large carabids in 2011, d) large carabids in 2012. WI = walnut-chrysanthemum intercropping system; WM = walnut monoculture system; F = temperate deciduous forest; M: alpine meadow.
Fig. 1 in Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Diversity and Body-Size Variation in Four Land Use Types in a Mountainous Area Near Beijing, China
Fig. 1. Activity-abundance and species richness of Carabidae in four habitats in a mountainous area near Beijing, China in 2011 and 2012. a) Activity-abundance of all carabids (2011: F = 2.82, p = 0.08; 2012: F = 2.58, p = 0.10), b) Chao1 index for all carabids (2011: F = 0.96, p = 0.44; 2012: F = 6.32, p <0.01), c) Activity-abundance of large carabids (2011: F = 0.87, p = 0.50; 2012: F = 6.35, p <0.01), d) Chao1 index for large carabids (2011: F = 0.98, p = 0.04; 2012: F = 2.08, p = 0.16) WI = walnut-chrysanthemum intercropping system; WM = walnut monoculture system; F = temperate deciduous forest; M = alpine meadow. Bars within each year of each graph with the same letter above the standard error bar are not significantly different (p> 0.05).
Data from: Edge effects and beta diversity in ground and canopy beetle communities of fragmented subtropical forest
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Data from: Ground squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae) of the late Cenozoic Meade Basin sequence: diversity and paleoecological implications
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Data from: Positive species diversity and above-ground biomass relationships are ubiquitous across forest strata despite interference from overstorey trees
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Data from: Edge effects on components of diversity and above-ground biomass in a tropical rainforest
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Data from: Hibernation alters the diversity and composition of mucosa-associated bacteria while enhancing antimicrobial defense in the gut of 13-lined ground squirrels
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Data from: Shifts and linkages of functional diversity between above- and below-ground compartments along a flooding gradient
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Data from: Small- to large-scale patterns of ground-dwelling spider (Araneae) diversity across northern Canada
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Data from: Agri-environmental schemes promote ground-dwelling predators in adjacent oilseed rape fields: diversity, species traits and distance-decay functions
1. Rising demands for agricultural products and high environmental costs of intensive agriculture reinforce the need for ecological replacements in agricultural management. In Europe, agri-environmental schemes (AES) are implemented to enhance species richness and provision of ecosystem services, but the effectiveness of different AES types and the spatial extent of possible beneficial effects are little understood. In this study we assessed the effects of different AES types on diversity, species traits and distance-decay functions of ground- dwelling predators in adjacent crop fields. 2. On 31 study sites with winter oilseed rape (OSR) adjacent to four types of AES differing in management intensity and habitat age we recorded ground-dwelling predators (carabid beetles, staphylinid beetles and spiders) during OSR growth from April to July. Effects of the AES on species richness, activity densities and different traits of these taxa were examined with transects of pitfall traps running along a continuous distance gradient from the AES across the habitat border into the OSR fields. 3. Ground-dwelling predator communities benefitted similarly from the different AES types. In adjacent OSR, activity densities, carabid species richness and the proportion of predatory carabid beetles declined from the field edge while mean body size increased. Adjacent AES increased the proportion of predatory species and simultaneously decreased the proportion of granivorous or frugivorous species in adjacent OSR fields. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate a beneficial effect of adjacent agri-environmental schemes (AES) on ground-dwelling predators in oilseed rape (OSR), mostly irrespective of AES type and therefore management intensity and habitat age. The short-ranged distance decay effects on natural enemies in OSR underpin that a strategic spatial placement of AES in agricultural landscapes is required to maximise biological pest control. This could help replace anthropogenic input in modern agriculture and secure adequate yields.
Data from: Individual size inequality links forest diversity and above-ground biomass
1. Despite the mounting evidence for positive diversity–productivity relationships found in controlled experiments, diversity effects on productivity in natural systems remain hotly debated. Understanding the multivariate links between diversity and productivity in natural systems, in particular natural forests that host the majority of terrestrial biodiversity and provide essential services for humanity, remains a critical challenge for ecologists. 2. We analyzed data from 448 plots of varying tree species diversity, stand ages, and local nutrient availability in Canada's boreal forest (52°30' – 55°24' N latitude and 102°36' – 108° W longitude). We used structural equation models to link multivariate relationships between above-ground biomass, tree species diversity, stand age, and soil nutrient availability. 3. Above-ground biomass increased with diversity indirectly via increasing tree size inequality, and increased with stand age and was higher on sites of medium soil nutrient regime directly as well as indirectly via increased tree size inequality. 4. Synthesis. Our results demonstrate positive diversity effects on above-ground biomass in natural forests of diverse forest ages and soil resource availability. Furthermore, we show that tree size inequality acts as a mechanism for the positive diversity effects on above-ground biomass, and as a mechanism in regulating above-ground biomass and species diversity simultaneously via interactions among individuals in natural forests.
Figure 5 in Spatiotemporal patterns of ground beetle diversity (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a Ramsar wetland (Chott Tinsilt) of Algeria
Figure 5. Hierarchical clustering dendrogram illustrating abundance-based similarity of ground beetle species among months in Chott Tinsilt, northeastern Algeria (clustering method = Euclidean paired group, UPGMA).
Figure 5 in Diversity of ground-dwelling arthropods on overburden dumps after coal mining
Figure 5. Ordination of the ground-dwelling of arthropods in the overburden dumps and control area in the plane of two discriminant axes.
Data from: Fuels and fires influence vegetation via above- and below-ground pathways in a high-diversity plant community
1. Fire strongly influences plant populations and communities around the world, making it an important agent of plant evolution. Fire influences vegetation through multiple pathways, both above- and belowground. Few studies have yet attempted to tie these pathways together in a mechanistic way through soil heating even though the importance of soil heating for plants in fire-prone ecosystems is increasingly recognized. 2. Here we combine an experimental approach with structural equation modelling (SEM) to simultaneously examine multiple pathways through which fire might influence herbaceous vegetation. In a high-diversity longleaf pine groundcover community in Louisiana, USA, we manipulated fine-fuel biomass and monitored the resulting fires with high-resolution thermocouples placed in vertical profile above- and belowground. 3. We predicted that vegetation response to burning would be inversely related to fuel load owing to relationships among fuels, fire temperature, duration and soil heating. 4. We found that fuel manipulations altered fire properties and vegetation responses, of which soil heating proved to be a highly accurate predictor. Fire duration acting through soil heating was important for vegetation response in our SEMs, whereas fire temperature was not. 5. Our results indicate that in this herbaceous plant community, fire duration is a good predictor of soil heating and therefore of vegetation response to fire. Soil heating may be the key determinant of vegetation response to fire in ecosystems wherein plants persist by resprouting or reseeding from soil-stored propagules. 6. Synthesis. Our SEMs demonstrate how the complex pathways through which fires influence plant community structure and dynamics can be examined simultaneously. Comparative studies of these pathways across different communities will provide important insights into the ecology, evolution and conservation of fire-prone ecosystems.
Figure 5 from: Riley K, Browne R (2011) Changes in ground beetle diversity and community composition in age structured forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 601-621. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2102
Figure 5 - Relative abundance across the forest age gradient for a representative species from each of the indicator classes (see text for definitions of indicator classes).
Figure 4 from: Riley K, Browne R (2011) Changes in ground beetle diversity and community composition in age structured forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 601-621. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2102
Figure 4 - Proportions of carabid populations brachypterous and macropterous for five forest age classes. Significant differences occurred for all forest age classes except the zero age class (χ2 < 0.05).
Figure 3 from: Riley K, Browne R (2011) Changes in ground beetle diversity and community composition in age structured forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 601-621. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2102
Figure 3 - Results of Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis for 33 study sites. The analysis was based on the 17 most common carabid beetle species from five forest age classes (0, 10, 50, 85, and 150 years). Each the five polygons represent different forest age classes, as indicated by different symbols.
Figure 2 from: Riley K, Browne R (2011) Changes in ground beetle diversity and community composition in age structured forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 601-621. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2102
Figure 2 - Carabid beetle species accumulation curves for five forest age classes. Vertical line indicates species richness of each curve at n = 233 individuals.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.