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Table 1 in Fossil or non-fossil? A best-practice guide for archaeobotanical taxa

Table 1. The nomenclature of archaeobotanical finds.<table><tbody><tr><th>Taxa</th><th>Original archaeobotanical material</th><th>Status</th><th>Related taxa</th><th>References</th></tr><tr><th>Amaranthaceae Juss.</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. jonesianum B.Sm. in Phytologia 57(7): 445–448. 1985</th><td>Type: U.S.A., Ohio, Hocking County, 3 miles southeast of Bloomingville, Ash Cave (33Hol), 1876, Ebenezer Andrews s.n. (holotype, US No. 3036256)</td><td>Holotype at US designated as specimen No. 3036256.</td><td>Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.</td><td>Smith, 1985; Smith & Funk, 1985; Smith & Cowan, 1987; Crawford & al., 2019</td></tr><tr><th>Arecaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons.</th></tr><tr><th>Areca passalacquae Kunth in Passalacqua, Catalogue Raisonné et Historique des Antiquités Découvertes en Égypte: 228– 229. 1826 [and in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 8: 420. 1826]</th><td>Desiccated? Fruits. Possibly in the Passalacqua collection in the Egyptian Museum in Berlin?</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Medemia argun (Mart.) Württemb. ex H.Wendl.</td><td>Kunth, 1826a,b; Buschan, 1895; Ibrahim & Baker, 2009; Vartavan & al., 2010</td></tr><tr><th>Fabaceae Lindl.</th></tr><tr><th>Faba vulgaris var. celtica-nana Heer, Pfl. Pfahlbauten: 22–23, fig. 44–47. 1865 [or var. celtica]</th><td>Carbonized seeds. “[…] from the pile dwellings in Montelier at Murtnersee […] the Petersinsel and […] Parma; exactly the same form from a Roman settlement in Hungary can be found in the Museum of Industry in Lausanne” (our trans.) [cf. Fig. 1A,B in this paper]</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Vicia faba L.</td><td>Heer, 1865, 1866; Deininger, 1892; Buschan, 1895; Jessen & Helbaek, 1944; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb.</th></tr><tr><th>Juglans sieboldiana subsp. hosenjiana Krysht. in J. Geol. Soc. Tokyo 25(296): 248. 20 Mai 1918</th><td>Hosenji, Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan</td><td>Pleistocene remains doubtfully archaeobotanical</td><td>Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis (Komatsu) Kitam.</td><td>Kryshtofovich, 1918; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Poaceae Barnhart, nom. cons.</th></tr><tr><th>“ Hordeum lagunculiforme ” Bachteev in Dokl. Akad. Nauk. S.S.S.R., n.s., 110(1): 153. 1 Sep 1956</th><td>Carbonized grains, Tiritaki, near Kerch, Crimea Republic, … Teishebaini Castle, Karmir-Blur, left bank of Zanga River, below Erevan, Armenia; Uzerlik-Tepe & Kul-Tepe, near Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan [cf. Fig. 2A,B in this paper]</td><td>Not validly published (Russian)</td><td>Hordeum vulgare L.</td><td>Bachteev, 1956; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Hordeum palaeoparalellum A.A.H.Schulz in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 34(8): 617. Nov 1916</th><td>Desiccated? Spikes from the six-rowed barley remains found in Ani’ s grave in Gebelên</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Hordeum vulgare L.</td><td>Schulz, 1916; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Hordeum polystichum var. densum Heer ex Deininger in Wosinsky, Prähist. Schanzwerk Lengyel 3: 270. 1892</th><td>Based on “Die dichte sechszeilige Gerste (Hordeum hexastichum, densum). Fig. 9”; “Ich habe sie nur von Robenhausen, Montelier und Parma” (Heer, 1865: 13) [cf. Fig. 1E in this paper]</td><td>Valid publication questionable</td><td>Hordeum vulgare L.</td><td>Heer, 1865, 1866; Deininger, 1892; Neuweiler, 1924; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Hordeum polystichum var. pannonicum Deininger in Wosinsky, Prähist. Schanzwerk Lengyel 3: 270–271, fig. 3. 1892</th><td>Carbonized grains, Lengyel</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Hordeum vulgare L.</td><td>Deininger, 1892; Buschan, 1895</td></tr><tr><th>Hordeum polystichum var. sanctum Heer ex Deininger in Wosinsky, Prähist. Schanzwerk Lengyel 3: 267. 8 Jun 1892</th><td>Based on “Die kleine Pfahlbautengerste (Hordeum hexastichumsanctum). Fig. 1 bis 8, vervollständigt S. 5 Fig. 3”; “von Robenhausen” (Heer, 1865: 12) [cf. Fig. 1E,F in this paper]</td><td>Valid publication questionable</td><td>Hordeum vulgare L.</td><td>Heer, 1865, 1866; Neuweiler, 1924; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Hordeum spontaneum var. lagunculiforme Bachteev in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 47: 847. 1962</th><td>Likely to be designated as epitype: “Turkmen SSR, Ashgabat region, 40–50 km to the south-east. from the city of Ashgabat, a deposit along the foothill slopes of the Kopet-Dag, in the wide valley of the Kelte-Chinar river, near the village of Manysh, May 26, 1960, herbarium sheets 1–9, collected by F. Kh. Bakhteev; herbarium sheet 10 was collected by Bakhteev and A. N. Belavskaya June 1, 1961 Stored in Leningrad” (Bachteev, 1962: 846–847; our trans.)</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Hordeum vulgare L.</td><td>Bachteev, 1962; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Hordeum vulgare var. densum Heer ex Neuweiler in Mitt. Antiquar. Ges. Zürich 29(4): 257 [“245”] (113). 1924</th><td>Based on “Die dichte sechszeilige Gerste (Hordeum hexastichum, densum). Fig. 9”; “Ich habe sie nur von Robenhausen, Montelier und Parma” (Heer, 1865: 13)</td><td>Valid publication questionable</td><td>Hordeum vulgare L.</td><td>Heer, 1865, 1866; Deininger, 1892; Neuweiler, 1924; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Hordeum vulgare var. palaeoaegyptiacum A.A.H.Schulz in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 34(8): 616. Nov 1916</th><td>Desiccated? Spikes from the barley remains found in Ani’ s grave in Gebelên. From the larger memory model in the grave of Rahotep at Mer near Kusijeh. Spikes in the Egyptian Museum (Berlin) …</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Hordeum vulgare L.</td><td>Schulz, 1916; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Hordeum vulgare var. sanctum Heer ex Neuweiler in Mitt. Antiquar. Ges. Zürich 29(4): 257 [“245”] (113). 1924</th><td>Based on “Die dichte sechszeilige Gerste (Hordeum hexastichum, densum). Fig. 9”; “Ich habe sie nur von Robenhausen, Montelier und Parma” (Heer, 1865: 13)</td><td>Valid publication questionable</td><td>Hordeum vulgare L.</td><td>Heer, 1865, 1866; Neuweiler, 1924; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Triticum aestivum subsp. compactum var. antiquorum (Heer) H.Messik., Pfahlbauten Robenhausen: 81. Mar–5 Apr 1913</th><td>Carbonized spikes and grains, mainly from Robenhausen, but also, Moosfeedorf, Montelier and Olmuz …</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Triticum aestivum L.</td><td>Heer, 1865, 1866; Messikommer, 1913; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Triticum aestivum f. antiquorum (Heer) Neuweiler in Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 80(1–2): 104. 24 Mai 1935</th><td>Carbonized spikes and grains, mainly from Robenhausen, but also, Moosfeedorf, Montelier and Olmuz …</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Triticum aestivum L.</td><td>Heer, 1865, 1866; Neuweiler, 1935; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Triticum compactum var. antiquorum (Heer) Flaksb. in Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29(1–2): 85. 1930</th><td>Carbonized spikes and grains, mainly from Robenhausen, but also, Moosfeedorf, Montelier and Olmuz …</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Triticum aestivum L.</td><td>Heer, 1865, 1866; Flaksberger, 1930; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Triticum compactum var. globiforme Buschan, Vorgeschichtl. Bot. Cultur-Nutzpfl. Alten Welt: 11, 16–17. 1895</th><td>Cf. T. vulgare var. antiquorum Heer</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Triticum aestivum L.</td><td>Buschan, 1895</td></tr><tr><th>Triticum durum var. trojanum Wittm. in Monatsschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten. Ges. Gartenfr. Berlins 22(10): 479. Oct 1879</th><td>Troy [Hisarlik, Turkey]</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Triticum turgidum L.</td><td>Wittmack, 1879</td></tr><tr><th>Triticum monococcum var. trojanum (Wittm.) Wittm. in Z. Ethnol. 22(6 [Verh. Berliner Ges. Anthropol., Ethnol. & Urgeschichte]): 615. 20–31 Dec 1890</th><td>Troy [Hisarlik, Turkey]</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Triticum monococcum L.</td><td>Wittmack, 1890</td></tr><tr><th>“ Triticum parvicoccum ” Kislev in Israel J.</th><td>Carbonized grains and rachises from different sites, Bar-Ilan</td><td>Invalid</td><td>Triticum</td><td>Kislev, 1980, 1981, 1984, 2009;</td></tr><tr><th>Bot. 28(2): 97. Jun 1980</th><td>University</td><td>publication (English)</td><td>turgidum L.</td><td>Tan, 1985; Kislev & Melamed, 2000; Kislev & al., 2006; IFPNI, 2014, Schultze-Motel, 2019</td></tr><tr><th>Triticum sativum var. scythicum Deininger in Wosinsky, Prähist. Schanzwerk Lengyel 3: 272–273, fig. 5. 1892</th><td>Carbonized grains, Lengyel</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Triticum aestivum L.</td><td>Deininger, 1892; Buschan, 1895</td></tr><tr><th>Triticum vulgare var. antiquorum Heer, Pfl. Pfahlbauten: 13, fig. 14–18. 1865</th><td>Carbonized spikes and grains, mainly from Robenhausen, but also, Moosfeedorf, Montelier and Olmuz … [cf. Fig. 1C,D.1 in this paper]</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Triticum aestivum L.</td><td>Heer, 1865, 1866; Dyer, 1886; Deininger, 1892; Buschan, 1895; Flaksberger, 1930; Jessen & Helbaek, 1944; IFPNI, 2014</td></tr><tr><th>Triticum vulgare var. trojanum (Wittm.) Wittm. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 4(11): xxxiii. 19 Nov 1886</th><td>Troy [Hisarlik, Turkey]</td><td>Pending typification</td><td>Triticum aestivum L.</td><td>Wittmack, 1886a,b</td></tr><tr><th>Polygonaceae Juss.</th></tr><tr><th>Polygonum erectum subsp. watsoniae N.G.Muell. in Novon 25(2): 176. 2017</th><td>Type: U.S.A., Arkansas, Benton Co., Whitney Bluff rock shelter (3BE20), 1932, W. Henbest & C. Finger Jr. 32-57-5c (holotype, UARK barcode UARK 20121)</td><td>Holotype at UARK designated as specimen 20121; isotype at Arkansas Museum</td><td>Polygonum erectum L.</td><td>Mueller, 2017a,b, 2019</td></tr></tbody></table>(Continues)(Continues)

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Training sessions for innovation procurers: methods lessons learned, best practices

These webinars explore practical methods and key lessons learned from implementing innovation procurement, featuring insights from the BUILD project. Using real-world case studies from municipalities across Europe, they highlight effective strategies for overcoming procurement challenges and fostering collaboration between public buyers and the market. The sessions are ideal for public procurement professionals, policymakers, and stakeholders seeking actionable guidance on leveraging procurement as a tool for innovation and sustainability. They are available here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-9blcYpK_g">Public procurers’ exchange of best practices - Innovation Procurement Task Force webinar insights</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EY759zLpmdU">Innovation Procurement Webinar: Methods and lessons learned by real cases - the BUILD Project</a>

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Dataset for an article "Developing best practices for conducting STEM engineering projects in higher education"

These articles are part of the dataset used in the article.  These articles are anonymized manuscript drafts that were not published in the journal with other articles. Read more from LUMAT-B: <a href="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:hulib:editori:lumatb.v9i17"> https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:hulib:editori:lumatb.v9i17 </a>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Figure 1 in Novel tools and best practices for education about invasive alien species

Figure 1. On the right: Franz Josef Glacier School student recording a European alder (Alnus glutinosa) sapling using the iNat app, New Zealand (Photo: Murray Dawson). On the left: High school students measuring tree diameter in an urban park, Portugal (Photo: Hélia Marchante) and the excavation of Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia bohemica) during a KORINA science camp, Germany (Photo: Katrin Schneider).

Fig. 6 in Developing Best Practice In Micropalaeontology: Examples From The Mid-Cretaceous Of The Zagros Mountains

Fig. 6 Further examples of relatively recent Zagros mid-Cretaceous biozonation schemes that utilize larger benthic foraminifera. No numerical scaling of the geological timescale is implied. The age assignments and taxonomic nomenclature are often outdat- ed, and the uncertainty precludes precise calibration of stage boundaries and the precise relationship of one zonal scheme to another.

Fig. 4 in Developing Best Practice In Micropalaeontology: Examples From The Mid-Cretaceous Of The Zagros Mountains

Fig. 4 Morphological variability (apical angle, test height and diameter) of the late Aptian – middle Albian Mesorbitolina texana (Roemer). a late Aptian Taft Formation of Central Iran. b late Aptian of Lebanon (from Schroeder and Neumann, 1985, pl. 36, fig. 2, topotype of Orbitolina discoidea var. libanica Henson; coll. F.R.S. Henson). Also note the convex test base in a and the central depression in b with a few final annular chambers.

Fig. 5 in Developing Best Practice In Micropalaeontology: Examples From The Mid-Cretaceous Of The Zagros Mountains

Fig. 5 Examples of relatively recent Zagros mid-Cretaceous biozonation schemes that utilize larger benthic foraminifera. No numerical scaling of the geological timescale is implied. The age assignments and taxonomic nomenclature are often outdated, and the uncertainty precludes precise calibration of stage boundaries and the precise relationship of one zonal scheme to another.

Fig. 2 in Developing Best Practice In Micropalaeontology: Examples From The Mid-Cretaceous Of The Zagros Mountains

Fig. 2 Lower- to mid-Cretaceous Orbitolinidae from Iran. a Subaxial section of Mesorbitolina sp. or Orbitolina sp. (= Dictyoconus pachymarginalis Schroeder in Dehghanian and Afghah, 2021, Fig. 7.4, Albian Kazhdumi Formation SW Iran). b–c Dictyoconus? pachymarginalis Schroeder, subaxial sections, Aptian Taft Formation, Central Iran. d "Dictyoconus pachymarginalis Schroeder" axial section (extracted from Afghah et al., 2014, fig. 11A), Cenomanian Sarvak Formation of SW Iran. e–f Persiconus sarvaki Yazdi-Moghadam & Schlagintweit, axial and tangential sections, Cenomanian Sarvak Formation of SW Iran.

Fig. 1 in Developing Best Practice In Micropalaeontology: Examples From The Mid-Cretaceous Of The Zagros Mountains

Fig. 1 Optimal and sub-optimal workflows for the identification of larger benthic foraminifera. Following a review of identification, the identity of a specimen can be confirmed or downgraded to a non-specific identity. If the identification is confident based on morphological features, stratigraphic range extension is possible, but should be evaluated carefully if the vast majority of well-established records suggest a different age.

Fig. 3 in Developing Best Practice In Micropalaeontology: Examples From The Mid-Cretaceous Of The Zagros Mountains

Fig. 3 Early – mid-Cretaceous Zagros biozonations (mostly assemblage zones or biofacies) utilising larger benthic foraminifera. The Wynd (1965) zonation and Sissingh (1977) zonations are based on data presented in Motiei (1993). Sampò (1969) and Kalantari (1976) are published schemes, whilst that of Ammen & Gharib (2014) is a scheme using more modern taxonomic concepts. LAD = Last Appearance Datum. FAD = First Appearance Datum. s.l. = sensu lato. No numerical scaling of the geological timescale is implied. The age assignments and taxonomic nomenclature are often outdated, and the uncertainty precludes precise calibration of stage boundaries and the precise relationship of one zonal scheme to another.

Fig. 20. A in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 20. A. Part of a pinned Omorgus gigas (Harold, 1872) beetle a few hundred slices away from the pinned area. B. The normal morphology of the beetle is no longer visible due to the metal artefact appearing in the pinned area. Image by the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) / DIGIT-3 Belspo, CC-BY-NC-ND Jonathan Brecko.

Fig. 15 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 15. Polychaete specimen (Lumbrineris latreillii Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1834) in a composite rendering showing the location of organs of interest within the animal. Soft tissues are volume-rendered, jaws were segmented individually and surface-rendered in different colours. The coloured arrows at the upper left corner indicate the orientation of the scanned specimen in three views (x, y and z axes). Image by HCMR micro-CT lab, CC-BY Sarah Faulwetter.

Fig. 1 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 1. Schematic overview of the image acquisition process. Image by the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) micro-CT lab.

Fig. 19 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 19. Scan of a marine worm (polychaete) with motion artefacts. The structures are not clearly defined due to specimen movement during the scanning procedure. Image by HCMR micro-CT lab.

Fig. 4 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 4. Example of the projection images resulting from the scanning process. Image by HCMR micro- CT lab.

Fig. 22. A. Monkey vertebra without metal support. B. A in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 22. A. Monkey vertebra without metal support. B. A metal artefact (yellow arrow) is created due to the metal rod used to support a series of vertebrae on a mounted skeleton. Photo courtesy of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) / DIGIT-3 Belspo, CC-BY-NC-ND Jonathan Brecko.

Fig. 3 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 3. The spectrum generated by an X-ray generator at 100kV with and without filtering. Image generated by the simulation environment https://www.oem-xray-components.siemens.com/x-ray-spectra-simulation.

Fig. 21. A. 3D in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 21. A. 3D model of the Omorgus gigas (Harold, 1872) beetle after a quick segmentation, including the metal artefact. B. 3D model of the same specimen after manual removal of the pin in the Dragonfly software (http://www.theobjects.com/dragonfly/). Clicking on the image opens the 3D model. Photo courtesy of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) / DIGIT-3 Belspo, CC-BY-NC-ND Jonathan Brecko.

Fig. 10. Measuring the maximum width W in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 10. Measuring the maximum width W (in pixels) of the projected specimen (as the distance from the rotation axis - dotted line - to the farthest end of the sample) to calculate the number of radiographs needed. This measurement is done for the angular position of the rotating platform where the projected specimen is the widest. For a complete rotation, the projected specimen would stay within the limits of the rectangle. Photo by MNHN.

Fig. 17 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 17. Scan of a marine worm (polychaete) without (A) and with (B) ring artefacts correction during the reconstruction procedure. The red square indicates the presence of ring artefacts which are reduced in (B) following the ring artefacts correction. Images by HCMR micro-CT lab.