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85 results for “Bioenergy”
Data from: Identification of anti-fungal bioactive terpenoids from the bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
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Data for: The impacts of bioenergy pine plantation management practices on bee communities
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Data for: Multifunctional landscapes for dedicated bioenergy crops lead to low-carbon market-competitive biofuels
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Bioenergy and Land Use Survey at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2012 to 2012)
Dataset Abstract The goal of this mail survey was to explore landowners’ attitudes, perceptions, and willingness to grow energy crops on marginal land in the southern half of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. A major objective was to predict the potential supply of four potential bioenergy crops on three land types (cropland, hay & pasture land, farmable non-crop land), with special focus on the latter two categories of “marginal” land. The contingent valuation completely randomized experimental design covers four energy crops (corn, switchgrass, hybrid poplar, trees, mixed prairie) with four pre-defined rental rate offers ($50, $100, $200, $300 per acre) at one of two rental contract durations (5 or 10 years) for a total of 32 versions of the questionnaire. The area frame sample targeted owners of plots of 10 acres (4 hectares) or more of “marginal” land, using the USDA Cropland Data Layer 2010 where “marginal land” was defined as fallow cropland, shrubland, grassland, and hay or pasture. The two-stage clustered random sampling design began with random selection of 12 selected non-metropolitan counties in southern Michigan (the clusters) and within each one random selection of 100 owners of land parcels of at least 10 acres (4 ha.), where possible. The 4-wave direct mail survey asked landowners about their land uses, attitudes about their land, awareness of bioenergy crops, opinions about bioenergy and environment, concerns about land rental, and demographic background. The contingent valuation section asked for respondent willingness to rent each of the three land types for each of the four bioenergy crops at a specified rental rate for a specified contract period. The survey began in March 2012 and was completed in August 2012 original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/124
Data from: No‐till establishment improves the climate benefit of bioenergy crops on marginal grasslands
<p>Expanding biofuel production is expected to accelerate the conversion of unmanaged marginal lands to meet biomass feedstock needs. Greenhouse gas production during conversion jeopardizes ensuing climate benefits, but most research to date has focused only on conversion to annual crops and only following tillage. Here we report the global warming impact of converting USDA Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands to three types of bioenergy crops using no-till (NT) versus conventional tillage (CT). In three CRP fields planted to continuous corn, switchgrass, or restored prairie we established replicated NT and CT plots. For the two years following an initial soybean year in all fields, we found that, on average, NT conversion reduced nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by 50% and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 20% compared to CT conversion. Differences were higher in year 1 than in year 2 in the continuous corn field, and in the two perennial systems the differences disappeared after year 1. In all fields net CO2 emissions (as measured by eddy covariance) were positive for the first two years following CT establishment, but following NT establishment net CO2 emissions were close to zero or negative, indicating net C sequestration. Overall, NT improved the global warming impact of biofuel crop establishment following CRP conversion by over 20-fold compared to CT (-6.01 Mg CO2e ha-1 yr-1 for NT vs. -0.25 Mg CO2e ha-1 yr-1 for CT, on average). We also found that IPCC estimates of N2O emissions (as measured by static chambers) greatly underestimated actual emissions for converted fields regardless of tillage. Policies should encourage adoption of NT for converting<br> marginal grasslands to perennial bioenergy crops in order to reduce carbon debt and maximize climate benefits.</p>
Data from: Can the results of biodiversity-ecosystem productivity studies be translated to bioenergy production?
Biodiversity experiments show that increases in plant diversity can lead to greater biomass production, and some researchers suggest that high diversity plantings should be used for bioenergy production. However, many methods used in past biodiversity experiments are impractical for bioenergy plantings. For example, biodiversity experiments often use intensive management such as hand weeding to maintain low diversity plantings and exclude unplanted species, but this would not be done for bioenergy plantings. Also, biodiversity experiments generally use high seeding densities that would be too expensive for bioenergy plantings. Here we report the effects of biodiversity on biomass production from two studies of more realistic bioenergy crop plantings in southern Michigan, USA. One study involved comparing production between switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) monocultures and species-rich prairie plantings on private farm fields that were managed similarly to bioenergy plantings. The other study was an experiment where switchgrass was planted in monoculture and in combination with increasingly species-rich native prairie mixtures. Overall, we found that bioenergy plantings with higher species richness did not produce more biomass than switchgrass monocultures. The lack of a positive relationship between planted species richness and production in our studies may be due to several factors. Non-planted species (weeds) were not removed from our studies and these non-planted species may have competed with planted species and also prevented realized species richness from equaling planted species richness. Also, we found that low seeding density of individual species limited the biomass production of these individual species. Production in future bioenergy plantings with high species richness may be increased by using a high density of inexpensive seed from switchgrass and other highly productive species, and future efforts to translate the results of biodiversity experiments to bioenergy plantings should consider the role of seeding density.
Data from: Cell wall composition and bioenergy potential of rice straw tissues are influenced by environment, tissue type, and genotype
Breeding has transformed wild plant species into modern crops, increasing the allocation of their photosynthetic assimilate into grain, fiber, and other products for human use. Despite progress in increasing the harvest index, much of the biomass of crop plants is not utilized. Potential uses for the large amounts of agricultural residues that accumulate are animal fodder or bioenergy, though these may not be economically viable without additional efforts such as targeted breeding or improved processing. We characterized leaf and stem tissue from a diverse set of rice genotypes (varieties) grown in two environments (greenhouse and field) and report bioenergy-related traits across these variables. Among the 16 traits measured, cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, ash, total glucose, and glucose yield changed across environments, irrespective of the genotypes. Stem and leaf tissue composition differed for most traits, consistent with their unique functional contributions and suggesting that they are under separate genetic control. Plant variety had the least influence on the measured traits. High glucose yield was associated with high total glucose and hemicelluloses, but low lignin and ash content. Bioenergy yield of greenhouse-grown biomass was higher than field-grown biomass, suggesting that greenhouse studies overestimate bioenergy potential. Nevertheless, glucose yield in the greenhouse predicts glucose yield in the field (ρ = 0.85, p < 0.01) and could be used to optimize greenhouse (GH) and field breeding trials. Overall, efforts to improve cell wall composition for bioenergy require consideration of production environment, tissue type, and variety.
Data from: Harvesting effects on wild bee communities in bioenergy grasslands depend on nesting guild
Conversion of annual crops to native perennial grasslands for bioenergy production may help conserve wild bees by enhancing nest and food resources. However, bee response to the disturbance of biomass harvesting may depend on their nesting location, thus their vulnerability to nest destruction, and the response of the forb community on which they forage. Moreover, because bees have long foraging ranges, effects of local harvesting may depend on the amount of natural habitat in the surrounding landscape. We performed a large-scale one- and two-year experiment in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA, respectively, to examine how grassland harvesting, landscape context, and study year affect the forb community, above- and belowground-nesting bee species richness, community composition, trap nest emergence, and visitation rate. In Wisconsin, harvesting increased forb richness, cover, and evenness compared to unharvested control sites. Harvesting negatively affected aboveground-nesting bee richness and emergence from trap nests, possibly because of nest destruction during the previous harvest. By contrast, harvesting positively affected belowground-nesting bee richness, possibly because of the greater food resource availability and reduced thatch allowing greater access to nesting sites in the soil. Harvesting also affected bee community composition, reflecting the increase in belowground-nesting species at harvested sites. Despite harvesting effects on forb and bee communities, there was no effect on flower visitation rate, indicating little effect on pollination function. We did not find a harvest by landscape context interaction, which, in combination with the negative harvesting effect on trap nest emergence, suggests that harvesting can affect local population growth rather than simply affecting forager aggregation in different resource environments. For bees, there was no harvest by study year interaction, indicating a consistent response over a short timescale. Similarly, in Michigan, belowground-nesting species also responded positively to harvesting, which was more pronounced in sandier soils that are preferred for nesting. However, other components of the Michigan bee and forb communities were not significantly affected by biomass harvesting. Overall, our study demonstrates that harvesting grasslands can positively affect the 80% of bee species that nest belowground by enhancing nest and/or forage resources, but that conserving aboveground-nesters may require leaving some area unharvested.
Biophysical effects of bioenergy crop cultivation scenarios on global land air temperature
<p>Biophysical effects of different bioenergy crop cultivation scenarios on global land air temperature simulated by coupled IPSL-CM model, with ORCHIDEE-MICT-BIOENERGY as the land component and LMDz as the atmosphere component. The spatial resolution of the coupled model was 1.26° latitude × 2.5° longitude (i.e., 143*144 grid cells globally).</p> <p>Datasets includes:</p> <p>1. Source data for global air temperature change in each grid from different scenarios based on the idealized cultivation map and the land cover type for the simulations.</p> <p>2. Source data for global temperature change and its different contributors.</p> <p>3. Source data for global temperature change in different regions.</p> <p>4. Source data for global temperature change and different contributors in scenarios based on different cultivation maps.</p> <p> </p>
The effects of integrated food and bioenergy cropping systems on crop yields, soil health, and biomass quality: the EU and Brazilian experience
<p><strong>Data Set</strong></p> <p>This multiyear and multi-location study provides new insights on the integration of dedicated legume crops within conventional EU (wheat-maize) and Brazilian (sugarcane) farming systems so to meet the forecasted increasing feedstock demands for the production of renewable transport biofuels without negatively affecting food production nor soil fertility. Sunn hemp demonstrated to be a suitable leguminous fiber feedstock to be grown in extended crop rotations. Integrating sunn hemp within the conventional systems in EU did not have negative effects on food yields, while feedstock availability increased up to 2.0 times. In Brazil, sugarcane stalks yield increased up to 15 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
Data from: Emerging wild virus of native grass bioenergy feedstock is well established in the Midwestern USA and associated with premature stand senescence
<p>This dataset includes values for the prevalence of switchgrass mosaic virus (Genus Marafivirus, Family Tymoviridae) detected with molecular diagnostics (RT-PCR) in individual Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) plants and in Graminella leafhoppers that feed on them. Surveys were conducted in 15 sites in August 2012. Stands surveyed had been established for some time and represent a range of landscape contexts. Measures of stand height and percent senescence were also collected. Land cover composition surrounding each site was calculated from the USDA-NASS Cropland Data Layer and estimates of drought impact were derived from the US Drought Monitor.</p>
Simulation results for "Future bioenergy expansion could alter carbon sequestration potential and exacerbate water stress in the United States"
<p>This dataset is the CTSM simulation results for the paper entitled "Future bioenergy expansion could alter carbon sequestration potential and exacerbate water stress in the United States" that published in Science Advances.</p>
Mapping the yields of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops from observations at the global scale
<p>This package contains the gridded yield data for lignocellulosic bioenergy crops developed from a global yield observation dataset using a random forest algorithm based on climatic and soil conditions. The data are global yield maps of five important lignocellulosic bioenergy crops (eucalypt, Miscanthus, poplar, switchgrass and willow) under current technology, climate and atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> conditions at a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution. A combined “best bioenergy crop” yield map is also provided by selecting the one of the five crop types with the highest yield in each of the grid cell. The yield unit is “ton DM ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>”. Please see more details in the associated paper on ESSD.</p>
Data for "Agrivoltaics could increase global land use efficiency compared to bioenergy"
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Bark content variations and the production of Populus deltoides as a source of bioenergy under temperate climate conditions
<div> <div> <p>Bark biomass as an energy source has a high economic value. Bark content variations and production helps recognize the potential of this bioenergy source spatially before harvesting. The percentage of fresh and dry bark in Populus deltoides grown under a monoculture system was examined in the temperate region of northern Iran. Diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height data were analyzed based on an initial inventory. Ten sample trees were felled, separated into 2 m-segments, and weighted in the field. A 5-cm-thick disc from each segment was extracted for determining fresh and dry bark percentages. These were statistically significantly different in disc diameter classes and decreased with increasing disc diameters. Bark percentage of the disc classes ranged from 21.8 to 24.4% in small-sized diameters to 8.1‒9.3% in large-sized diameters. The differences between fresh and dry bark percentages depended on water content variations. Allometric power equations were fitted to data of fresh and dry bark percentages and disc diameters as well as DBH. The values of R2 ranged from 0.89 to 0.90. In addition, allometric power equations provided the best fits for relationships between total stem dry biomass, dry bark biomass, and DBH, R2 = 0.986 and 0.979 for the total stem dry biomass and stem dry bark biomass, respectively. The allometric models can be used to estimate bark percentage and bark production of P. deltoides in segments and for the whole stem for a wide range of segment diameters (8‒44 cm) and DBH (15‒45 cm).</p> </div> </div>
Dataset: Arthropod overwintering in bioenergy crops
<p><span>Perennial energy crops (PECs) can reduce negative impacts of intensive silage maize cultivation on the environment. Further, remaining vegetation of PECs after harvest may provide suitable habitat and more beneficial overwintering conditions for arthropods than maize. We hypothesized that after harvest and in winter, arthropod abundance and biomass are higher in PECs than in silage maize.</span></p> <p><span>In a field experiment, we compared the two PECs cup plant and field grass with silage maize regarding their suitability as autumn (post-harvest) and overwintering habitats for arthropods. We measured soil temperature and moisture and analyzed biomass as well as abundance of autumn-active and overwintering arthropods of these three crops. During autumn we assessed arthropods by suction sampling in 24 plots of the experimental field. In spring we assessed soil-emerging arthropods for four times in 18 plots.</span></p> <p><span>In PEC plots, soils were moister and less exposed to cold temperatures than in maize. Compared to maize, total arthropod abundance and biomass were higher in PEC plots for both sampling periods. Results were similar for most examined arthropod taxa. </span></p> <p><span>Our results demonstrate that, compared to silage maize, the PECs provide suitable post-harvest habitats and constitute more suitable overwintering habitats for arthropods. We assume that differences are based on lack of disturbance and the provision of vegetation structures after harvest that function as overwintering habitat for arthropods. We conclude that positive effects of PECs on ground arthropods are not limited to their growing time but continue after harvest and during winter.</span></p>
Dataset: Arthropod overwintering in bioenergy crops
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Data from: Can the results of biodiversity-ecosystem productivity studies be translated to bioenergy production?
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Data from: Cell wall composition and bioenergy potential of rice straw tissues are influenced by environment, tissue type, and genotype
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Data from: Emerging wild virus of native grass bioenergy feedstock is well established in the Midwestern USA and associated with premature stand senescence
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.