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97 results for “Bird Range”
Community science data provides evidence for upward elevational range shifts by Eastern Himalayan birds
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GPS tracking data for: Male mating season range expansion results from an increase in scale of daily movements for a polygynous-promiscuous bird
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Survey of winter bird communities and vegetation in the Oregon Coast Range
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Data for: Recent range shifts of moths, butterflies, and birds are driven by the breadth of their climatic niche
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Data from: Constraints on fruit-tracking by birds at the range edge
Aims: Biotic interactions may be disrupted at the range boundary if the involved species are rare in the most distant sectors. This study assesses fruit-tracking by seed-dispersing birds wintering on the border of the Palaearctic, a region where many species become scarcer before reaching the limits of their distribution in the Sahara. Since vagrancy improves fruit-tracking, this study tests if vagrant birds track fruit resources better than non-vagrant birds and if their tracking ability is reduced at the range edge. Location: The Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb Methods: Seed-dispersing passerines (O. Passeriformes) were counted in 134 sampling sites along a 2000 km long latitudinal belt. Relationships between bird numbers and latitude, temperature, shrub cover and fruit abundance were explored by multivariate analyses. In addition, the habitat matching rule was used to assess the ability of birds to track fruit changes along the latitudinal belt. Results: Fruit abundance and temperature were the main drivers of the distribution of vagrant birds (all of them migratory species) while for non-vagrant birds (most of them sedentary species) distribution was weakly correlated to the study variables. Vagrant birds tracked the spatial-temporal variations in fruit abundance but showed a reduced ability to fit numbers to fruit abundance changes in southern sectors. Main conclusions: Vagrant, migratory birds are responsible for large-scale tracking of fruit outputs but face some constraints on fruit-tracking at the far edge of the Palaearctic. Since the movements of these birds southwards are declining due to climate warming effects, these results suggest a future weakening of their role as seed dispersers in the most peripheral areas of the Palaearctic.
Data for: Maternal glucocorticoid levels during incubation predict breeding success, but not reproductive investment, in a free-ranging bird
<p>The hormone corticosterone (CORT) has been hypothesized to be linked with fitness, but the directionality of the relationship is unclear. The "CORT-fitness hypothesis" proposes that high levels of CORT arise from challenging environmental conditions, resulting in lower reproductive success (a negative relationship). In contrast, the "CORT-adaptation hypothesis" suggests that, during energetically demanding periods, CORT will mediate physiological or behavioural changes that result in increased reproductive investment and success (a positive relationship). During two breeding seasons, we experimentally manipulated circulating CORT levels in female tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) prior to egg laying, and measured subsequent reproductive effort, breeding success, and maternal survival. When females were recaptured during egg incubation and again during the nestling stage, the CORT levels were similar among individuals in each treatment group, and maternal treatment had no effect on indices of fitness. By considering variation among females, we found support for the "CORT-adaptation hypothesis"; there was a significant positive relationship between CORT levels during incubation and hatching and fledging success. During the nestling stage CORT levels were unrelated to any measure of investment or success. Within the environmental context of our study, relationships between maternal glucocorticoid levels and indices fitness vary across reproductive stages.</p>
Data from: Geographical barriers and dispersal propensity interact to limit range expansions of Himalayan birds
Range expansions are limited by two key factors. These are (1) dispersal, which includes a species' intrinsic mobility, geographical barriers, and their interaction; and (2) the ability of a species to persist beyond its current range. I evaluate the role of these in affecting bird species distributions across the Himalayas, under a hypothesis that many species have recently expanded their range out of an eastern Pleistocene refuge. I measured wing shape as a proxy for dispersal ability and topographic complexity across the Himalayas as a proxy for dispersal barriers. As a factor affecting the potential for persistence in novel locations, I compared similarity of a species' climatic envelope in the east, the hypothesized historical refuge, and the west, the location of recent colonization. Climatic similarity, wing shape, and the interaction of topographic complexity with wing shape all contribute significantly to the range extent of a given species. The result highlights the important interaction between morphological and landscape factors in affecting successful range expansions. The two dispersal-related parameters together explain two times the variance explained by climate, but I present additional evidence that other factors besides climate—notably biotic interactions—affect the ability of a species to persist beyond its range.
Data from: Home-range size of an Andean bird: assessing the role of physical condition
Because space-use patterns are a key aspect of the ecology and distribution of species, identifying factors associated with variation in size of territories and home ranges has been central to studies on population ecology. Space use might vary in response to extrinsic factors like habitat quality and to intrinsic factors like physical condition and individual behavior (aggressiveness). However, the role of these factors has been poorly documented in the tropics, particularly in high-elevation bird species. We report the home-range size of a Neotropical Andean bird, the Grey-browed Brush finch (Arremon assimilis), and evaluate the role of physical condition in explaining variation in home-range size among individuals. We performed spot mapping to estimate the home ranges of 14 territorial males in Bogotá, Colombia, using minimum convex polygons (MCP) and 95% kernel density estimators (KDE). The mean home-range size estimated for the 100% MCP was 0.522 ± 0.305 ha (range = 0.15-1.18 ha), whereas the 95% KDE estimation was 0.504 ± 0.471 ha (range = 0.13-1.88). We calculated the real mass index of each bird as a proxy of physical condition to assess whether individuals in better physical condition had larger home-ranges. Because we found no relation between our estimations of physical condition and home-range size, we conclude that space use in this species might depend more on ecological factors such as habitat quality or neighbor density than on individual traits.
Data from: Range-wide spatial mapping reveals convergent character displacement of bird song
A long-held view in evolutionary biology is that character displacement generates divergent phenotypes in closely related coexisting species to avoid the costs of hybridisation or ecological competition, whereas an alternative possibility is that signals of dominance or aggression may instead converge to facilitate coexistence among ecological competitors. Although this counter-intuitive process⎯termed convergent agonistic character displacement⎯is supported by recent theoretical and empirical studies, the extent to which it drives spatial patterns of trait evolution at continental scales remains unclear. By modeling variation in song structure of two ecologically similar species of Hypocnemis antbird across Western Amazonia, we show that their territorial signals converge such that trait similarity peaks in the sympatric zone, where intense interspecific territoriality between these taxa has previously been demonstrated. We also use remote sensing data to show that signal convergence is not explained by environmental gradients and is thus unlikely to evolve by sensory drive (i.e. acoustic adaptation to the sound transmission properties of habitats). Our results suggest that agonistic character displacement driven by interspecific competition can generate spatial patterns opposite to those predicted by classic character displacement theory, and highlight the potential role of social selection in shaping geographical variation in signal phenotypes of ecological competitors.
Data from: Partial support for the central–marginal hypothesis within a population: reduced genetic diversity but not increased differentiation at the range edge of an island endemic bird
Large-scale population comparisons have contributed to our understanding of the evolution of geographic range limits and species boundaries, as well as the conservation value of populations at range margins. The central–marginal hypothesis (CMH) predicts a decline in genetic diversity and an increase in genetic differentiation toward the periphery of species' ranges due to spatial variation in genetic drift and gene flow. Empirical studies on a diverse array of taxa have demonstrated support for the CMH. However, nearly all such studies come from widely distributed species, and have not considered if the same processes can be scaled down to single populations. Here, we test the CMH on a species composed of a single population: the Island Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma insularis), endemic to a 250 km2 island. We examined microsatellite data from a quarter of the total population and found that homozygosity increased toward the island's periphery. However, peripheral portions of the island did not exhibit higher genetic differentiation. Simulations revealed that highly localized dispersal and small total population size, but not spatial variation in population density, were critical for generating fine-scale variation in homozygosity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that microevolutionary processes driving spatial variation in genetic diversity among populations can also be important for generating spatial variation in genetic diversity within populations.
Tolerance niche expansion and potential distribution prediction during Asian openbill bird range expansion
It is prevalent to use ecological niche models in the analysis of species expansion and niche changes. However, it is difficult to estimate the niche when alien species fail to establish in exotic areas. Here, we applied the tolerance niche concept, which means that niche of species can live and grow but preclude a species from establishing self-sustaining populations, in such fail-to-establish events. Taking the rapidly expanded bird, Asian openbill (Anastomus oscitans), as a model species, we investigated niche dynamics and its potential effects on the population by Niche A and ecospat, predicted potential distribution by biomod2. Results showed that niche expansion has occurred in two non-native populations caused by the tolerance of colder and wetter environments, and potential distribution mainly concentrated on equatorial islands. Our study suggested that the expanded niche belongs to tolerance niche concept according to the populations' dynamics and GPS tracking evidence. It is essential to consider source populations when we analyse the alien species. We recommended more consideration to the application of tolerance niche in alien species research, and there is still a need for standard measurement frameworks for analysing the tolerance niche.
Subspecies and Distribution. M. n. nasoJentink, 1911-W New Guinea Central Range in Papua Province, Indonesia. M.n.mayer:Dollman,1930—NWNewGuinea,Bird'sHead(=Vogelkop)Peninsula. M.n.misimTate,1947—ENewGuineaCentralRangeinPapuaNewGuinea. M. n. tafa Tate & Archbold, 1936 — SE New Guinea. in Dasyuridae
Subspecies and Distribution. M. n. nasoJentink, 1911-W New Guinea Central Range in Papua Province, Indonesia. M.n.mayer:Dollman,1930—NWNewGuinea,Bird'sHead(=Vogelkop)Peninsula. M.n.misimTate,1947—ENewGuineaCentralRangeinPapuaNewGuinea. M. n. tafa Tate & Archbold, 1936 — SE New Guinea.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.v.vestitusMilne-Edwards,1877—Bird's Head(=Vogelkop)Peninsula(ArfakandTamrauMts,1200-2200m). P.v.interpositusStein,1933—WeylandMtsofWCentralRange,perhapsalsoincludingStar(=Jayawijaya)MtspopulationsinthemiddleoftheCentralRange,1400-2000m. P. v. permixtio Menzies & Pernetta, 1986 — E Central Range in Papua New Guinea, 1000-1600 m. in Phalangeridae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.v.vestitusMilne-Edwards,1877—Bird's Head(=Vogelkop)Peninsula(ArfakandTamrauMts,1200-2200m). P.v.interpositusStein,1933—WeylandMtsofWCentralRange,perhapsalsoincludingStar(=Jayawijaya)MtspopulationsinthemiddleoftheCentralRange,1400-2000m. P. v. permixtio Menzies & Pernetta, 1986 — E Central Range in Papua New Guinea, 1000-1600 m.
Distribution. New Guinea Mts, from Arfak Mts in Bird's Head (= Vogelkop) Peninsula in the W, through Central Range, including Huon Peninsula, to the extreme SE of the island. in Petauridae
Distribution. New Guinea Mts, from Arfak Mts in Bird's Head (= Vogelkop) Peninsula in the W, through Central Range, including Huon Peninsula, to the extreme SE of the island.
Subspecies and Distribution. D. i. imustus S. Muller, 1840 — Bird's Head (= Vogelkop) and Bomberai (= Fakfak) peninsulas, NW New Guinea; possibly also West Papuan Is (Waigeo, Misool, Salawati, Batanta). D. 1. finschi Matschie, 1916 — North Coastal Ranges of New Guinea W of Wewak; also Yapen I, in Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay. in Macropodidae
Subspecies and Distribution. D. i. imustus S. Muller, 1840 — Bird's Head (= Vogelkop) and Bomberai (= Fakfak) peninsulas, NW New Guinea; possibly also West Papuan Is (Waigeo, Misool, Salawati, Batanta). D. 1. finschi Matschie, 1916 — North Coastal Ranges of New Guinea W of Wewak; also Yapen I, in Cenderawasih (= Geelvink) Bay.
Distribution. Known from scattered localities in New Guinea, including the Central Range from Taritatu River E to Mt Dayman and the Torricelli Mts; possibly present across entire island of New Guinea in preferred habitat. It was found in Pleistocene archaeological sites on the Ayamaru Plateau, C Bird's Head (= Vogelkop), NW New Guinea. in Muridae
Distribution. Known from scattered localities in New Guinea, including the Central Range from Taritatu River E to Mt Dayman and the Torricelli Mts; possibly present across entire island of New Guinea in preferred habitat. It was found in Pleistocene archaeological sites on the Ayamaru Plateau, C Bird's Head (= Vogelkop), NW New Guinea.
Tree mixtures increase bird taxonomic and functional diversity over pure stands of tree species planted outside their natural range—but not over pure native stands
<p><span>Recent biodiversity loss has emphasized the necessity to critically evaluate the consequences of human alterations of forest ecosystems. Stand diversification via tree species mixtures and the use of non-native tree species are two such alterations currently gaining importance as climate change adaptations. However, the effects of local versus regional tree mixing on associated bio</span><span>diversity and notably the modifying role of tree species growing outside their natural range remain poorly understood. </span></p> <p><span>We assessed how monocultures and mixtures of native and introduced tree species influence the taxonomic and functional diversity of northwest German bird communities at stand and landscape scales. We focused on the dominant natural tree species (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) and economically important conifer species planted outside their natural range (the native <em>Picea abies</em> and non-native <em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>). </span></p> <p><span>We found that bird species richness and functional diversity were generally higher in pure and mixed stands of native <em>F. sylvatica</em> than in pure conifer stands, especially in comparison to non-native <em>P. menziesii</em>. These differences were particularly strong at the landscape scale. Pure conifer stands harbored only a reduced set of functionally similar bird species. Structural diversity based on tree microhabitat availability emerged as a key predictor of bird diversity. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and applications: Our study suggests that tree species mixtures do not necessarily increase bird diversity compared to pure stands of native trees, but can promote bird diversity relative to pure stands of species planted outside their natural range. Moreover, local mixtures, rather than a mosaic of pure stands, may promote bird diversity also at the landscape scale. By contrast, pure stands of tree species planted outside their natural range can increase the biotic homogenization of forest birds. Promoting structural diversity of microhabitats via tree retention and ensuring that non-native trees are planted in mixtures with native trees may alleviate potential limitations of climate change-oriented management for biodiversity. </span></p>
Data from: Bird migratory flyways influence the phylogeography of the invasive brine shrimp Artemia franciscana in its native American range
Since Darwin's time, waterbirds have been considered an important vector for the dispersal of continental aquatic invertebrates. Bird movements have facilitated the worldwide invasion of the American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, transporting cysts (diapausing eggs), and favouring rapid range expansions from introduction sites. Here we address the impact of bird migratory flyways on the population genetic structure and phylogeography of A. franciscana in its native range in the Americas. We examined the sequence variation for two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and 16S for a subset of the data) in a large set of population samples representing the entire native range of A. franciscana. Furthermore, we performed Mantel tests and redundancy analyses (RDA) to test the role of flyways, geography and human introductions on the phylogeography and population genetic structure at a continental scale. A. franciscana mitochondrial DNA was very diverse, with two main clades, largely corresponding to Pacific and Atlantic populations, mirroring American bird flyways. There was a high degree of regional endemism, with populations subdivided into at least 12 divergent, geographically restricted and largely allopatric mitochondrial lineages, and high levels of population structure ( Φ ST of 0.92), indicating low ongoing gene flow. We found evidence of human-mediated introductions in nine out of 39 populations analysed. Once these populations were removed, Mantel tests revealed a strong association between genetic variation and geographic distance (i.e., isolation-by-distance pattern). RDA showed that shared bird flyways explained around 20% of the variance in genetic distance between populations and this was highly significant, once geographic distance was controlled for. The variance explained increased to 30% when the factor human introduction was included in the model. Our findings suggest that bird-mediated transport of brine shrimp propagules does not result in substantial ongoing gene flow; instead, it had a significant historical role on the current species phylogeography, facilitating the colonisation of new aquatic environments as they become available along their main migratory flyways.
Data from: Non-breeding range size predicts the magnitude of population trends in trans-Saharan migratory passerine birds
Understanding why populations of some migratory species show a directional change over time, i.e. increase or decrease, while others do not, remains a challenge for ecological research. One possible explanation is that species with smaller non-breeding ranges may have more pronounced directional population trends, and their populations are thus more sensitive to the variation in environmental conditions in their non-breeding quarters. According to the serial residency hypothesis, this sensitivity should lead to higher magnitudes (i.e. absolute values) of population trends for species with smaller non-breeding ranges, with the direction of trend being either positive or negative depending on the nature of the environmental change. We tested this hypothesis using population trends over 2001–2012 for 36 sub-Saharan migratory passerine birds breeding in Europe. Namely, we related the magnitude of the species' population trends to the size of their sub-Saharan non-breeding grounds, whilst controlling for factors including number of migration routes, non-breeding habitat niche and wetness, breeding habitat type and life-history strategy. The magnitude of species' population trends grew with decreasing absolute size of sub-Saharan non-breeding ranges, and this result remained significant when non-breeding range size was expressed relative to the size of the breeding range. After repeating the analysis with the trend direction, the relationship with the non-breeding range size disappeared, indicating that both population decreases and increases are frequent amongst species with small non-breeding range sizes. Therefore, species with small non-breeding ranges are at a higher risk of population decline due to adverse factors such as habitat loss or climatic extremes, but their populations are also more likely to increase when suitable conditions appear. As non-breeding ranges may originate from stochasticity of non-breeding site selection in naive birds ('serial-residency' hypothesis), it is crucial to maintain a network of stable and resilient habitats over large areas of birds' non-breeding quarters.
A highly invasive malaria parasite has expanded its range to non-migratory birds in North America
<p>Parasite range expansions are a direct consequence of globalization and are an increasing threat to biodiversity. Here we report a recent range expansion of the SGS1 strain of a highly invasive parasite, Plasmodium relictum, to two non-migratory passerines in North America. Plasmodium relictum is considered one of the world's most invasive parasites and causes the disease avian malaria: this is the first reported case of SGS1 in wild birds of Western North America and wild non-migratory birds on the continent. Using a long-term database where researchers report avian malaria parasite infections, we summarized our current understanding of the geographic range of SGS1 and its known hosts. We also identified the most likely geographic region of this introduction event using the MSP1 allele. We hypothesize that this introduction resulted from movements of captive birds and subsequent spillover to native bird populations, via ecological fitting. Further work should be conducted to determine the extent to which SGS1 has spread following its introduction in North America.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.