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70 results for “Black Spruce”
Murphy Dome: Moss-associated N-fixation measurements in a moss transplant and leaf litter manipulation experiment in black spruce and paper birch stands
This dataset contains nitrogen fixation measurements from the moss transplant experiment in the state forest on Murphy Dome (Cache Creek Road). Fixation rates were measured in August 2015 in two moss species: Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi in black spruce and paper birch stands and associated with leaf litter manipulations.
A Chronosequence of Biomass and Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Across Boreal Deciduous, Mixed, and Black Spruce Forests in Interior Alaska
This dataset contains forest structure data and estimates of above- and belowground carbon and nitrogen pools for a chronosequence of sites that vary in time after fire. Sites are spread throughout interior Alaska and were selected to represent the range of forest composition, from black spruce (Picea mariana) dominance, to deciduous tree dominance (Betula neoalaskana and Populus tremuloides). Multiple transects were measured in each site
Standardized ring-width chronologies for white and black spruce at three sites in the southern Brooks Range, Alaska
Although black spruce is the dominant treeline species in the eastern boreal forest, its distribution stops several kilometers short of treeline in the Brooks Range in Alaska, and white spruce is the dominant treeline species. The explanation for this distribution is not known, but two hypotheses are plausible. First, black spruce may be less tolerant of climatic conditions near treeline than white spruce. Second, black spruce may be unable to regenerate successfully near treeline due to long intervals between fires. We are establishing permanently marked study plots along a transect from the Yukon River basin, where black spruce is the dominant species, to the foothills of the Brooks Range, where it reaches its distributional limit. We are reconstructing recruitment history of both black and white spruce at our study sites, and are reconstructing recent fire history from analysis of fire scars and stand age structures. These data are being used to parameterize matrix population models, with which we are describing patterns of population stability.
Recruitment of black and white spruce in the Brooks Range, Alaska
Although black spruce is the dominant treeline species in the eastern boreal forest, its distribution stops several kilometers short of treeline in the Brooks Range in Alaska, and white spruce is the dominant treeline species. The explanation for this distribution is not known, but two hypotheses are plausible. First, black spruce may be less tolerant of climatic conditions near treeline than white spruce. Second, black spruce may be unable to regenerate successfully near treeline due to long intervals between fires. We are establishing permanently marked study plots along a transect from the Yukon River basin, where black spruce is the dominant species, to the foothills of the Brooks Range, where it reaches its distributional limit. We are reconstructing recruitment history of both black and white spruce at our study sites, and are reconstructing recent fire history from analysis of fire scars and stand age structures. These data are being used to parameterize matrix population models, with which we are describing patterns of population stability.
Tree densities of black and white spruce in the Brooks Range, Alaska
Although black spruce is the dominant treeline species in the eastern boreal forest, its distribution stops several kilometers short of treeline in the Brooks Range in Alaska, and white spruce is the dominant treeline species. The explanation for this distribution is not known, but two hypotheses are plausible. First, black spruce may be less tolerant of climatic conditions near treeline than white spruce. Second, black spruce may be unable to regenerate successfully near treeline due to long intervals between fires. We are establishing permanently marked study plots along a transect from the Yukon River basin, where black spruce is the dominant species, to the foothills of the Brooks Range, where it reaches its distributional limit. We are reconstructing recruitment history of both black and white spruce at our study sites, and are reconstructing recent fire history from analysis of fire scars and stand age structures. These data are being used to parameterize matrix population models, with which we are describing patterns of population stability.
Common-garden experiment reveals clinal trends of bud phenology in black spruce populations from a latitudinal gradient in the boreal forest
<p>Climate warming is modifying the movement of air masses over Northern latitudes, producing warming and cooling events across the boreal regions. These new conditions changes may mismatch plant phenology from weather conditions, and affect the growing period of trees. Understanding the processes of local adaptation in bud phenology can help to predict the response of plants to these rapid and unexpected environmental changes.</p> <p>Our study monitored bud burst and bud set weekly during four growing seasons in black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] saplings planted in a common garden and originating from five provenances representing the whole latitudinal distribution of the closed boreal forest in Quebec, Canada. We compared the variance in bud phenology among populations and years, and analyzed the relationships with the temperatures at the origin sites.</p> <p>Bud burst and bud set occurred in mid-May and mid-July, respectively, with a large variability among provenances and between the study years. A delayed bud phenology was observed in the provenances from warmer sites, with bud burst and bud set being 1.1 and 1.4 days later for every additional degree in mean annual temperature at the origin site, respectively. Populations with earlier bud bursts also showed earlier bud sets, thus the growing season was similar among provenances. The heritability of bud set was higher than that of bud burst, with estimates of 0.26 and 0.21, respectively. On average, variance in bud phenology among provenances reached 5.3%, which was higher than that within provenances (2.6%). The factor year explained 37.7-69.7% of the variance in bud phenology.</p> <p>Synthesis. Results demonstrate the plastic response of bud burst to changing temperatures and suggest the effects of endogenous factors on bud set. The earlier growth reactivation due to global warming occurring under higher frost risks in spring are expected to produce damage to the developing buds. Meanwhile, the ability of bud phenology to match the inter-annual variability in weather could help to cope with the changing environmental conditions expected in the future.</p>
Data from: Integrating demographic niches and black spruce range expansion at subarctic treelines
<p>When investigating relationships between species' niches and distributions, niches can be divided demographically, resulting in unique niches for different life stages. This approach can identify changing substrate requirements throughout a species' life cycle. Using non-metric multidimensional scaling, we quantified microsite conditions associated with successful recruitment in the tundra landscape and successful seed production amongst adult trees of black spruce (<em>Picea mariana</em>) at subarctic treeline in Yukon, Canada to assess how life stage-specific requirements may impact the distribution of this widespread boreal tree species. Treeline ecotones in this region showed high heterogeneity in tundra microsites available for establishment. Black spruce exhibited changing microsite associations from germination to reproductive maturity, which were mainly driven by changes in plant community and soil moisture. These associations limit the microsites where individuals can establish and reproduce to a subset available within the heterogeneous landscape. Overall, we suggest that (1) substrates suitable for early recruitment are limited at the range edge; and (2) reproductive adults have a narrow niche, limiting successful seed production in adults and forming sink populations where suitable conditions are limited. Our multivariate assessment of microsite suitability can provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of a species throughout its life cycle and identify life stage-specific constraints to range expansion.</p>
Black spruce seed availability and viability after fire, Northwest Territories, Canada
<p>Context : Black spruce ( Picea mariana ) is an important conifer in boreal North American that develops a semi-serotinous, aerial seedbank and releases a pulse of seeds after fire. Variation in post-fire seed rain has important consequences for black spruce regeneration and stand composition.</p> <p>Aims : We explore the possible effects of changes in fire regime on the abundance and viability of black spruce seeds following a very large wildfire season in the Northwest Territories, Canada (NWT).</p> <p>Methods: We measured post-fire seed rain over two years at 25 black sprucedominated sites and evaluated drivers of stand characteristics and environmental conditions on total black spruce seed rain and viability.</p> <p>Results : We found a positive relationship between black spruce basal area and total seed rain. However, at high basal areas this increasing rate of seed rain was not maintained. Viable seed rain was greater in stands that were older, closer to unburned edges, and where canopy combustion was less severe. Finally, we demonstrated positive relationships between seed rain and seedling establishment, confirming our measures of seed rain were key drivers of post-fire forest regeneration.</p> <p>Conclusion: These results suggest that black spruce recruitment after fire may be reduced with projected increases in fire activity.</p>
Data from: Integrating demographic niches and black spruce range expansion at subarctic treelines
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Common-garden experiment reveals clinal trends of bud phenology in black spruce populations from a latitudinal gradient in the boreal forest
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Black spruce seed availability and viability after fire, Northwest Territories, Canada
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Tree core and ring data for 150 mature black spruce sites in interior Alaska
This data set contains sample information for tree core and ring analysis at 150 extensive black spruce sites in interior Alaska collected in the summers of 2000, 2001, 2002 across the interior of Alaska along the Taylor highway, Alaska highway, Parks highway, Elliot highway, Steese highway, and Dalton highway.
Black spruce C cycling study along a temperature gradient in interior Alaska
Study conducted on black spruce C cycling study along a temperature gradient in interior Alaska from 1999 to 2002. The temperature gradient was established by locating sites in the Fairbanks area that varied in elevation and aspect. Measurements include:soil temperature, forest aboveground production, litterfall, decomposition of litter and cellulose proxies, soil carbon dioxide efflux, moss photosynthesis, soil moisture, foliar isotopes (15N and 13C), and soil carbon and nitrogen.
Soil Ph at black spruce sites at its northern limit in the Brooks Range, Alaska
Although black spruce is the dominant treeline species in the eastern boreal forest, its distribution stops several kilometers short of treeline in the Brooks Range in Alaska, and white spruce is the dominant treeline species. The explanation for this distribution is not known, but two hypotheses are plausible. First, black spruce may be less tolerant of climatic conditions near treeline than white spruce. Second, black spruce may be unable to regenerate successfully near treeline due to long intervals between fires. We are establishing permanently marked study plots along a transect from the Yukon River basin, where black spruce is the dominant species, to the foothills of the Brooks Range, where it reaches its distributional limit. We are reconstructing recruitment history of both black and white spruce at our study sites, and are reconstructing recent fire history from analysis of fire scars and stand age structures. These data are being used to parameterize matrix population models, with which we are describing patterns of population stability.
Response of northern populations of black spruce and jack pine to southward seed transfers: Implications for climate change
<p>A variety of responses to climate change have been reported for northern tree populations, primarily from tree-ring and satellite-based studies. Here we employ provenance data to examine growth and survival responses of northern populations (defined here as those occurring north of 52oN) of black spruce (<em>Picea mariana</em>) and Jack pine (<em>Pinus banksiana</em>) to southward seed transfers – a space for time substitution that affords insights into potential climate change responses by these important northern tree species. Based on previous work, we anticipated relatively flat response curves that peak at much warmer temperatures than those found at seed source origin. These expectations were generally met for growth-related responses, with peak growth associated with seed transfers to environments 2.2<sup>o</sup>C and 3.6<sup>o</sup>C warmer than seed source origin for black spruce and jack pine, respectively. These findings imply that northern tree populations harbor a significant amount of resilience to climate warming. However, survival responses told a different story, with both species exhibiting reduced survival rates when moved to warmer and drier environments. Together with the growth-based results, these findings suggest that the warmer and drier conditions expected across much of northern Canada under climate change may reduce survival, but surviving trees may grow at a faster rate up until a certain magnitude of climate warming has been reached. We note that all relationships had high levels of unexplained variation, underlining the many factors that may influence provenance study outcomes and the challenges in predicting tree responses to climate change. Despite certain limitations, we feel that the provenance data employed here provide valuable insights into potential climate change outcomes for northern tree populations.</p>
Regional-scale hydrologic settings buffer black spruce regeneration in the presence of post-fire droughts dataset
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Response of northern populations of black spruce and jack pine to southward seed transfers: Implications for climate change
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Data from: Black spruce (Picea mariana) colonization of subarctic snowpatches in response to warmer climate
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Net ecosystem production (NEP) raw data for the coupled and uncoupled simulation for all North American black spruce grid cells (n=1758)
Output from TEM modeling in North American black spruce grid cells Data from the following manuscript Clein, J.S., A.D. McGuire, X. Zhang, D.W. Kicklighter, J.M. Melillo, S.C. Wofsy, P.G. Jarvis, and J. M. Massheder. 2002. Historical and projected carbon balance of mature black spruce ecosystems across North America: The role of carbon-nitrogen interactions. Plant and Soil 242:15-32.
Wildfire behaviour data for an experimental crown fire in thinned boreal black spruce, Alberta, Canada, 2019-05-11
<p>Data describing an experimental forest fire in Wabasca, Alberta, Canada in May 2019. The fire is described in detail in the paper: "Recent Crown Thinning in a Boreal Black Spruce Forest Does Not Reduce Spread Rate nor Total Fuel Consumption: Results from an Experimental Crown Fire in Alberta, Canada" https://doi.org/10.3390/fire3030028</p>
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