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1,542 results for “Calcium”
Fig. 8 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 8. Scleractinian Trochocyathus egeri (White 1879), Upper Campanian to Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous), Pierre shale (upper part), Dry Creek, Black Hills (South Dakota, USA); USNM 75221. Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) septum with aragonite fibers; two enlargements (A, B). AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (C, E), and deflection (D, F) images of 2×2 µm (C, D) and 500×500 nm (E, F) skeletal surface. Nanograins ca. 40–100 nm in diameter. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 11. Scleractinian Pachysolenia cylindrica Cuif, 1975 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 11. Scleractinian Pachysolenia cylindrica Cuif, 1975, lower Norian (Upper Triassic), Alakir Çay, Turkey; ZPAL V.31/7. Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) pachythecal wall consisted of aragonite fibers; two enlargements (A, B). AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (C, E), and deflection (D, F) images of 2×2 µm (C, D) and 500×500 nm (E, F) skeletal surface. Skeletal regions that show effects of oxidizing solution action (upper part of images) do not exhibit distinct nanogranular pattern. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 15 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 15. Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767), skeleton and calicoblastic layer interface. A. FESEM image (reproduced after Clode and Marshall 2003a: figs. 1, 2) of frozen−hydrated specimen showing: nanogranular structure (B, close−up) of calcareous fibers at their entire length (non−etched state), cross−sections of spindle ectodermal cells with spherical intercellular vesicles, and fibrillar organic matrix (asterisk). C. Close−up of mesh−like, fibrillar organic matrix at skeleton−ectoderm interface with attached small nodular structures (white arrows) that, most likely, correspond to calcium enriched regions indicated by X−ray analysis.
Fig. 1 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 1. Synthetic aragonite crystals. Seven day old cluster of acicular aragonite crystals, overall (A) and close−up (B) views. Two day old cluster of acicular aragonite (C) with growth steps (D). No distinct nanograins are recognizable on crystal surface before and after (E–H) treatment with oxidizing solution. AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (E, G), and deflection (F, H) images of 1×1 µm (E, F) and 500×500 nm (G, H) crystal face. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 7 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 7. Scleractinian Rennensismilia complanata (Goldfuss, 1826), Santonian (Upper Cretaceous), Lower Gosau beds, near Gosau, Austria; USNM 499247. Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) septum with bundles of aragonite fibers enveloped by structures with positive etching relief interpreted by Sorauf (1999) as sheaths of proteinaceous matrix (A, C, same skeletal regions in different magnifications); in places skeletal etched fibers show regular discontinuities similar to that of extant zooxanthellates (B). AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (D, F), and deflection (E, G) images of 2×2 µm (D, E) and 500×500 nm (F, G) skeletal surface. Nanograins ca. 50–100 nm in diameter. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 4 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 4. Calcareous sponge Petrobiona massiliana Vacelet and Lévi, 1958, Recent, Marseille, submarine cave, "Grotte du Figuier", depth 10 m; ZPAL V.31/3. Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) basal skeleton (spherulites) with calcite fibers; two enlargements (A, B). AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (C, E), and deflection (D, F) images of 2×2 µm (C, D) and 500×500 nm (E, F) skeletal surface. Nanograins ca. 50–100 nm in diameter. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 6. Scleractinian Paracyathus cupula Reuss, 1871 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 6. Scleractinian Paracyathus cupula Reuss, 1871, Miocene (Neogene), Korytnica, Holy Cross Mts, Poland; ZPAL V.31/5. Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) septum with aragonite fibers; two enlargements (A, B). AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (C, E), and deflection (D, F) images of 2×2 µm (C, D) and 500×500 nm (E, F) skeletal surface. Nanograins ca. 50–100 nm in diameter. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 16 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 16. Main nanostructural patterns of calcium carbonate crystals and their possible diagenetic pathways. Nanostructural spectrum encompasses: crystals without nanograins (A, based on synthetically produced CaCO3 crystals, Fig. 1); crystals composed entirely of nanograins (C, based on Recent biocrystals formed in hydro−organic gel); and crystals with intermediate nanostructural pattern, having a bumpy texture representing degraded/ fused nanograins (B, based on P. cylindrica skeleton, Fig. 11).
Fig. 3 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 3. Scleractinian Goniastrea retiformis (Lamarck, 1816), Recent, Saipan (Cloud Locality A−12, Northern Mariana Islands, Pacific Ocean); ZPAL V.31/2. Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) septum with aragonite fibers in two (A, B) enlargements; note negative relief of etched organic components within fibers. AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (C, E), and deflection (D, F) images of 2×2 µm (C, D) and 500×500 nm (E, F) skeletal surface. Nanograins ca. 50–100 nm in diameter. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 14 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 14. Thermograms showing direct thermogravimetrical (TG; milligrams), differential thermogravimetrical (DTG; arbitrary units), and differential thermo−analytical (DTA; arbitrary units) curves of synthethic aragonite (A) and three samples with two different nanostructural patterns: Triassic Pachysolenia cylindrica (B) without distinct nanograins; Jurassic Isastraea cf. bernensis (C) and Recent Favia stelligera (C) with well developed nanograins. Assumed amount of intraskeletal hydrated organic components was calculated based on distinct weight loss of 400 mg sample that occurred at ca. 300–450°C.
Fig. 2 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 2. Scleractinian Favia stelligera (Dana, 1846), Recent, Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef, Pacific Ocean), depth 5–10 m; ZPAL V.31/1 (fragment of colony collected by Ann Budd). Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) septum with aragonite fibers in two (A, B) enlargements; note negative relief of etched organic components in dRAF zone (upper A) and between fiber's layers. AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (C, E), and deflection (D, F) images of 2×2 µm (C, D) and 500×500 nm (E, F) skeletal surface. Nanograins ca. 50–100 nm in diameter. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 5. Stylasterid Adelopora fragilis Cairns, 1991 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 5. Stylasterid Adelopora fragilis Cairns, 1991, Recent, New Caledonia, ORSTOM 5, DW 490, 18°54.9'S/163°24,3'E, depth 230 m; ZPAL V.31/4. Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) coenosteum with aragonite fibers; two enlargements (A, B). AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (C, E), and deflection (D, F) images of 2×2 µm (C, D) and 500×500 nm (E, F) skeletal surface. Nanograins ca. 50–100 nm in diameter. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 9 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 9. Scleractinian Isastraea cf. bernensis Étallon in Thurmann and Étallon, 1864. Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic), Ostromice, western Pomerania, Poland; ZPAL H.IV/303. Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) septum with aragonite fibers; two enlargements (A, B). AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (C, E), and deflection (D, F) images of 2×2 µm (C, D) and 500×500 nm (E, F) skeletal surface. Nanograins ca. 60 (commonly 80) –100 nm in diameter. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 12 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 12. Sparry calcite developed between septa of fossil scleractinian corals. A. ZPAL V.31/8 (lower Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous, Lubycza Królewska, Lublin Upland, eastern Poland). B. ZPAL V.31/9 (Carnian, Upper Triassic, Alpe di Specie, Dolomites, Italy). Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) ZPAL V.31/8 sparry calcite in two enlargements (A1, A3). Back−Scattered Electron Microscopy image (A2) shows complex history of idividual calcite grain, highlighting zones of different elemental composition: those with elements of lower atomic numbers are darker (core of the grain outlines with arrows), whereas those of higher atomic numbers are lighter (outer part). A4–A7, B1, B2, AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (A4, A6, B1), and deflection (A5, A7, B2) images of 2×2 µm (A4, A5) and 500×500 nm (A6, A7, B1, B2) sample surface. Nanograins on A4–A7 are ca. 60–100 nm in diameter. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Fig. 10 in Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals
Fig. 10. Tropiastraeid scleractinian, undetermined. Upper Carnian (Upper Triassic), Alpe di Specie, Dolomites, Italy; ZPAL V.31/6. Polished and etched (formic acid, 1%, 20s) septum with aragonite fibers; two enlargements (A, B); fiber's tapering (e.g., arrow in B) is possibly related to original organic matter enrichment zones. AFM (contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.): height−2D projection (C, E), and deflection (D, F) images of 2×2 µm (C, D) and 500×500 nm (E, F) skeletal surface. Nanograins ca. 60 (commonly 80) –100 nm in diameter. Grayscale bars (left) show z−scale (height) of 2D projection images.
Latest Ordovician (Hirnantian) iodine to calcium ratio (I/Ca) data for Anticosti Island (Quebec, Canada) and Copenhagen Canyon (Nevada, USA)
<p>This spreadsheet contains redox proxy data (I/Ca) associated with the manuscript "Depth-dependent Late Ordovician anoxia related to a reorganization of ocean circulation", for the Latest Ordovician (latest Hirnantian, Late Ordovician Mass Extinction phase #2 – LOME 2; ca. 444 million years ago) in Anticosti Island (Quebec, Canada) and Copenhagen Canyon (Nevada, USA). The reader is referred to the associated paper for a description of the methods.</p>
Fig. 2 in Calcium fluxes in Hoplosternum littorale (tamoatá) exposed to different types of Amazonian waters
Fig. 2. Net Ca2+ fluxes of Hoplosternum littorale transferred from tanks of ion-poor well water to experimental flux chambers containing different Amazonian waters. The first four bars show fluxes measured over the first 2 hours, and the second set of four bars show data for the 2-4 h period after initial transfer. Data expressed as mean ± SEM. Positive values indicate net influxes and negative values net effluxes. Different letters indicate significant differences among groups in the same period of time by Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA and Mann- Whitney test (P <0.05). Asteriks (*) indicate significantly different from the same group at 2 h (P <0.05)
Fig. 1 in Calcium fluxes in Hoplosternum littorale (tamoatá) exposed to different types of Amazonian waters
Fig. 1. Net Ca2+ fluxes of Hoplosternum littorale exposed to well water as a function of time after transfer from tanks of ion-poor well water. Data expressed as mean ± SEM. Positive values indicate net influxes and negative values net effluxes. AC - after change. Asterisks (*) indicate significantly different from 2 h by Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney test (P <0.05).
CaImAn: An open source tool for scalable Calcium Imaging data Analysis
<p>Advances in fluorescence microscopy enable monitoring larger brain areas <em>in-vivo</em> with finer time resolution. The resulting data rates require reproducible analysis pipelines that are reliable, fully automated, and scalable to datasets generated over the course of months. We present CaImAn, an open-source library for calcium imaging data analysis. CaImAn provides automatic and scalable methods to address problems common to preprocessing, including motion correction, neural activity identification, and registration across different sessions of data collection. It does this while requiring minimal user intervention, with good scalability on computers ranging from laptops to high-performance computing clusters. CaImAn is suitable for two-photon and one-photon imaging, and also enables real-time analysis on streaming data.</p> <p>To benchmark the performance of CaImAn we collected and combined a corpus of manual annotations from multiple labelers on nine mouse two-photon datasets, that are contained in this open access repository. We demonstrate that CaImAn achieves near-human performance in detecting locations of active neurons.</p> <p>In order to reproduce the results of the paper or download the annotations and the raw movies, please refer to the readme.md at:</p> <p>https://github.com/flatironinstitute/CaImAn/blob/master/use_cases/eLife_scripts/README.md</p> <p> </p>
FIOLA: an accelerated pipeline for Fluorescence Imaging OnLine Analysis calcium dataset
<p>The dataset was used in paper FIOLA: an accelerated pipeline for Fluorescence Imaging OnLine Analysis named as 1MP. The dataset was only used to test FIOLA motion correction performance.<br> The dataset was collected for the paper Sensory-driven enhancement of calcium signals in individual Purkinje cell dendrites of awake mice (link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24582958/) but never published before. Data was recorded in the left lobule of the cerebellum of an awake mouse using the calcium indicator GCaMP6f. GCaMP6f was selectively expressed in Purkinje cells via a combinatorial virus strategy (as explained in the paper).</p> <p>For other datasets used in paper FIOLA, check the original paper and sources they were published.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.