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135 results for “Calendula”
Data from: Singing behaviour of Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula) in relation to time-of-day, time-of-year, and social context
Observational field studies provide insight on the multifunctional nature of birdsong. For example, if song production were limited to pre-fertilization, then that would suggest a mate attraction function. If it were used throughout the breeding season and in response to intruding males, then that would suggest a territorial defence function. In the present study, we determined the daily and seasonal singing patterns of male Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula) in Labrador, Canada, using microphone arrays in two breeding seasons. Using a playback experiment, we simulated a territorial intrusion to compare the structure of songs produced while defending a territory to the structure of songs produced during solo and contest singing. Singing peaked in the early part of the breeding season and then declined continuously for the remainder of the season, which suggests that the songs function in mate attraction. Singing peaked 2-3 h after dawn, and then declined steadily until it stopped at 2200 h. Some nocturnal singing was observed, but no dawn singing was observed. A high probability of signal overlap by heterospecific songs at dawn would hinder signal recognition and explain the observed delay in peak singing activity. Vocal responses to playback suggested a function in territory defence. However, there were no significant differences in the duty cycle, frequency modulation, and bandwidth of songs in relation to the context of song production, though songs were shorter in the intrusion context than during solo singing. Overall, the study provides the first quantitative description of the effects of time of day, time of year, and social context on singing behaviour in this understudied species.
Singing behaviour of Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula) in relation to time-of-day, time-of-year, and social context
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Data from: Singing behaviour of Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula) in relation to time-of-day, time-of-year, and social context
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Supplementary material 1 from: Kotov S, Gontova T, Kononenko N, Chernyavski E, Chikitkina V (2022) Phytochemical analysis and anti-allergic activity of a combined herbal medicine based on bur-marigold, calendula and hawthorn. Pharmacia 69(1): 237-247. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77624
HPLC results for dry extracts of the bur-marigold herb, calendula flowers, hawthorn leafand flowers and combined extract
FIGURE 11 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands
FIGURE 11. Variability of leaf morphology of Calendula. A. C. arvensis (1. Reyes-Bet. in P. Silveira 3426.3; 2. Reyes-Bet. in P. Silveira 3426.5; 3. Reyes-Bet. in P. Silveira 3119.1; 4. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3413.2; 5. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3413.3; 6. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3412.2; 7, 8. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3397.7); B. C. sventenii (1. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3383.2; 2, 3. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3380; 4–6. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.a; 7–9. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327. b); C. C. ricardoi (1, 2. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3377; 3. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.i.4; 4, 5. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.l); D. C. officinalis (1. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3421.1; 2. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3409).
FIGURE 10 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands
FIGURE 10. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula. A. C. arvensis form arvensis (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.e); B. C. arvensis form macroptera (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.c); C. C. sventenii (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327. a); D. C. ricardoi (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.g); E. C. officinalis (Silveira, P. 2986).
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands
FIGURE 7. Calendula officinalis (Silveira, P., Simão, I. and Reyes-Bet. 3388, 3409). A, B. diversity of flowering capitula capitula (3388 and 3409, respectively); C. fruiting capitulum (3409).
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands
FIGURE 6. Calendula arvensis (Silveira, P., Simão, I. and Reyes-Bet. 3403, 3411). A, B. habit (3411 and observation on site, respectively); C, D, E. diversity of flower capitula (observation on site); F, G. diversity of fruiting capitula (3403 and observation on site, respectively).
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands
FIGURE 4. Metaphase somatic cells of (A) Calendula arvensis (2n=44; 3327.e); (B) C. officinalis (2n=32; 3409); (C) C. sventenii (2n=54; 3327.a); (D) C. ricardoi (2n=54; 3327g).
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands
FIGURE 1. Boxplots representing the variability of foliar quantitative characters in Calendula species. Different letters reveal statistical differences at P <0.05.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands
FIGURE 3. Boxplots representing the variability of fruit quantitative characters in Calendula species. Different letters reveal statistical differences at P <0.05; n.s. means that no statistical differences were found.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands
FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of Calendula in the Canary Islands from herbarium specimens and from collected material in the 2014 and 2022 field expeditions. A. general view of the Canary Islands; B. La Palma; C. El Hierro; D. La Gomera; E. Tenerife; F. Gran Canaria; G. Fuerteventura; H. Lanzarote. The triangles represent herbarium specimens with a database entry, but whose identifications were not confirmed; the colour code is the same for triangles and circles; all forms of C. arvensis are under the same colour.
FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands
FIGURE 9. Calendula sventenii (Silveira, P., Simão, I. and Reyes-Bet. 3383, 3384.2, 3391). A. habit (3384.2); B, C. flowering capitula (3391); D. fruiting capitulum (3383).
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands
FIGURE 8. Calendula ricardoi (Silveira, P., Simão, I. and Reyes-Bet. 3327.j, 3327.l). A. habit (observation on site); B. flowering and fruiting capitula (3327.j); C. fruiting capitulum (3327.l).
FIGURE 32 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
FIGURE 32. Variability of leaf morphology in Calendula. A) C. arvensis (Silveira 3345, AVE); B) C. tripterocarpa (Silveira & Gonçalves 3215, AVE); C) C. officinalis (Silveira 3345, AVE). Scale bars = 1cm.
FIGURE 30 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
FIGURE 30. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula. A) C. suffruticosa subsp. greuteri—typical form (Silveira 2983, AVE); B) C. suffruticosa subsp. greuteri—less frequent form (Silveira & Gonçalves 3200, AVE); C) C. tripterocarpa (Silveira 2982, AVE); D) C. arvensis—typical form (Nora in Silveira 3054, AVE); E) C. arvensis—'macroptera' form (Silveira 2985, AVE); F) C. officinalis (Silveira 3058, AVE). Rostrate achenes: A1, A2, B1, B2, D1, E1, F1, F2; cymbiform achenes: A3, C3, C4, D2, D3, E4, F3; sub-cymbiform achenes: B3, B4, F4; bialate achenes: E2, E3; trialate achenes: C1, C2; vermiculate-alate achenes: A4, B5, D4, E5, F5; vermiculate-exalate: C5, D5, E6, F6, F7, F8. All achenes in lateral view, except B3, C2, C3, D2, E2 and F3 in ventral face view, and B4, C4 and D3 in ± dorsal face view. Scale bars = 1 cm.
FIGURE 29. A–E in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
FIGURE 29. A–E) C. suffruticosa subsp. lusitanica (A. Silveira & Gonçalves 3237, AVE; C–E. Silveira & Gonçalves 3234, AVE). A) Habitat on mountain top of Serra de Montejunto; B) habit of form growing on shade of trees; C) typical fruiting capitulum; D) alternative fruiting capitulum; E) flowering capitulum; F–I) C. tripterocarpa (F–G. Silveira 2982, AVE; H–I. Silveira & Gonçalves 3215, AVE); F) habitat on the Tabernas region, south of Spain; G) habit; H) fruiting capitulum; I) flowering capitulum.
FIGURE 31. A–E in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
FIGURE 31. A–E) C. arvensis. A) Habit (Silveira & Gonçalves 3208, AVE); B) form with purple disc florets (Silveira 2978, AVE). C) form with strait rostrate achenes and slightly whitish indumentum (Silveira & Gonçalves 3209a, AVE); D) fruiting capitulum of a "macroptera" form (Silveira 2980, AVE); E) fruiting capitulum with less spiny and shorter rostrate achenes (Silveira & Gonçalves 3206, AVE); F–G) C. officinalis (cultivated); F) flowering and fruiting capitulum; G) flowering capitulum of a double-flowered form.
FIGURE 28 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
FIGURE 28. Variability of leaf morphology in Calendula. A) C. suffruticosa subsp. carbonellii (1. Silveira & Gonçalves 3222, AVE; 2–4. Silveira & Gonçalves 3223, AVE); B) C. suffruticosa subsp. algarbiensis (1. Silveira & Gonçalves 3249, AVE; 2. Silveira & Gonçalves 3254, AVE; Silveira & Gonçalves 3255, AVE); C) C. suffruticosa subsp. greuteri (Silveira & Gonçalves 3197, AVE); D) C. suffruticosa subsp. lusitanica (1. Silveira & Gonçalves 3245, AVE; 2. Silveira & Gonçalves 3252, AVE; 3–4. Silveira & Gonçalves 3237, AVE); Scale bars = 1cm.
FIGURE 26. C in Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
FIGURE 26. C. suffruticosa subsp. greuteri. (A–C. Silveira & Gonçalves 3195, AVE); A) habit; B) detail of leaves; C) flowering capitulum; D) fruiting capitulum (Silveira & Gonçalves 3200, AVE); E) flowering capitulum with red strips on the back of the ligules (Silveira & Gonçalves 3196, AVE).
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