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opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Data for "Long-term disgust habituation with limited generalisation in care home workers"

Anonymised data for the manuscript "Long-term disgust habituation with limited generalisation in care home workers". For use with scripts in the linked GitHub repository.

The effect of Israeli acute paralysis infection on honey bee brood care behavior

To protect themselves from communicable diseases, social insects utilize social immunity—behavioral, phsyiological, and organizational means to combat disease transmission and severity. Within a honey bee colony, larvae are visited thousands of times by nurse bees, representing a prime environment for pathogen transmission. We investigated a potential social immune response to Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) infection in brood care, testing the hypotheses that bees will respond with behaviors that result in reduced brood care, or that infection results in elevated brood care as a virus-driven mechanism to increase transmission. We tested for group-level effects by comparing three different social environments in which 0%, 50%, or 100% of bees were experimentally infected with IAPV. We investigated individual-level effects by comparing exposed bees to unexposed bees within the mixed-exposure treatment group. We found no evidence for a social immune response at the group level; however, individually, exposed bees interacted with the larva more frequently than their unexposed nestmates. While this could increase virus transmission from adults to larvae, it could also represent a hygienic response to increase grooming when an infection is detected. Together, our findings underline the complexity of disease dynamics in complex social animal systems.

Divergence in reproductive behaviors is associated with the evolutionary loss of parental care

The mechanisms underlying the divergence of reproductive strategies between closely-related species are still poorly understood. Additionally, it is unclear which selective factors drive the evolution of reproductive behavioral variation and how these traits coevolve, particularly during early divergence. To address these questions, we quantified behavioral differences in a recently diverged pair of Nova Scotian three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations, which vary in parental care, with one population displaying paternal care and the other lacking this. We compared both populations, and a full reciprocal F1 hybrid cross, across four major reproductive stages: territoriality, nesting, courtship, and parenting. We identified significant divergence in a suite of heritable behaviors. Importantly, F1 hybrids exhibited a mix of behavioral patterns, some of which suggest sex-linkage. This system offers fresh insights into the coevolutionary dynamics of reproductive behaviors during early divergence and offers support for the hypothesis that coevolutionary feedback between sexual selection and parental care can drive rapid evolution of reproductive strategies.

What drives poor quality of care for child diarrhea? Experimental evidence from India

Most healthcare providers in developing countries know that oral rehydration salts (ORS) is a lifesaving treatment for child diarrhea, yet few prescribe it. This know-do gap has puzzled experts for decades and has cost millions of lives. Using several randomized controlled trials among private providers in 253 towns in India, we estimated the extent to which ORS under-prescription is driven by financial incentives to sell more lucrative medicines, stock-outs of ORS, and provider perceptions that patients do not want ORS. We found that patients expressing a preference for ORS increased ORS prescribing by 27 percentage points. Eliminating stock-outs increased ORS provision by 6.8 percentage points. Eliminating financial incentives to sell medicines had no effect on average but increased ORS prescribing at pharmacies by 9 percentage points. Our findings, combined with patient exit surveys suggest that provider perceptions that patients do not want ORS explain 42% of under-prescribing, while stock-outs and financial incentives explain only 6% and 5% respectively.

Energetic trade-offs in migration decision-making, reproductive effort, and subsequent parental care in a long-distance migratory bird

Migratory species trade-off long-distance movement with survival and reproduction, but the spatiotemporal scales at which these decisions occur is relatively unknown. Technological and statistical advances allow fine-scale study of animal decision-making, improving our understanding of possible causes and therefore conservation management. We quantified effects of reproductive preparation during spring migration on subsequent breeding outcomes, breeding outcomes on autumn migration characteristics, and autumn migration characteristics on subsequent parental survival in Greenland white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons flavirostris). These are long-distance migratory birds with a ~50% population decline from 1999 to 2022. We deployed GPS-acceleration devices on adult females to quantify up to five years of individual decision-making throughout the annual cycle. Weather and habitat-use affected time spent feeding and overall dynamic body acceleration (i.e., energy expenditure) during spring and autumn. Geese that expended less energy and fed longer during spring were more likely to successfully reproduce. Geese with offspring expended more energy and fed for less time during autumn, potentially representing adverse fitness consequences of breeding. These behavioural comparisons among Greenland white-fronted geese improve our understanding of fitness trade-offs underlying abundance. We provide a reproducible framework for full annual cycle modelling using location and behaviour data, applicable to similarly studied migratory animals.

Fig. 14. A–B in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 14. A–B. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov., live male and female from Tolima, guarding eggs. C–F. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913 live specimens from Huila. C. Centipede predating on eggs of Neocranaus Roewer, 1913. D–E. Male and female, guarding eggs. F. Female guarding eggs. Pictures: Julio César González-Gómez.

Fig. 12 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 12. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov. (MUSENUV-Ar 2123) female from Tolima. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 10 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 10. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov. A–E. Male from Tolima (MUSENUVAr 2123). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Right leg IV, femur, prolateral view. D. Right leg IV, femur distal portion in dorsal view. E. Right leg IV, femur distal portion in ventral view. F. Female (Catalogue), right leg IV, tibia, prolateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 13. A–B. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, live specimens from Huila. A. Male. B. Female. C–D in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 13. A–B. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, live specimens from Huila. A. Male. B. Female. C–D. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov., live specimens from Tolima. C. Male. D. Female. Pictures: A–B: Julio César González-Gómez; C–D: Luis F. García.

Fig. 6 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 6. Neocranaus gladius Villarreal & Kury sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ICN-Ao-837). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Posterior view. E. Left pedipalp, ectal view. F. Right leg IV, femur in dorsal view. G. Right leg IV, tibia in dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 5. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 5. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, ♀ (MUSENUV-Ar 2121). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 4. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 4. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, ♂ (MUSENUV-Ar 2121). Penis: apical portion in dorsal (A, D), ventral (B, E) and lateral view (C, F).

Fig. 7 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 7. Neocranaus gladius Villarreal & Kury sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ICN-Ao-837). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Right leg IV, femur distal portion in dorsal view. D. Right leg IV, tibia in dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 8 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 8. Neocranaus gladius Villarreal & Kury sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ICN-Ao-837). Penis: apical portion in dorsal (A), lateral (B) and lateral panoramic view (C).

Fig. 11 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 11. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov. (MUSENUV-Ar 2123). Penis: apical portion in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral views (C).

Fig. 3. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 3. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, ♂ (MUSENUV-Ar 2121). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Right leg IV, femur in dorsal view. D. Right leg IV, femur in ventral view. E. Right leg IV, tibia in dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 9 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 9. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov., male from Tolima (MUSENUV-Ar 2123). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Posterior view. E. Left pedipalp, ectal view. F. Left pedipalp, mesal view. G. Right leg IV, femur in dorsal view. H. Right leg IV, femur in ventral view. I. Right leg IV, patella and tibia in dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 2. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913 in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)

Fig. 2. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, ♂ (MUSENUV-Ar 2121). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Posterior view. E. Right pedipalp, ectal view. F. Right pedipalp, mesal view. G. Right leg IV, femur in dorsal view. H. Right leg IV, femur in ventral view. I. Right leg IV, tibia in dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

DeepBacs – E. coli SIM prediction dataset and CARE model

Training and test images of live, membrane-labeled E. coli cells for prediction of SIM super-resolution images from widefield images, as well as a trained CARE model. Additional information can be found on this <a href="https://github.com/HenriquesLab/DeepBacs/wiki">github wiki</a>. The example image shows a widefield fluorescence image and SIM reconstruction of FM5-95 labelled, live E. coli cells.   Training and test dataset Data type: Paired microscopy images (fluorescence) of low (widefield) and high resolution (SIM) Microscopy data type: Fluorescence microscopy (FM5-95) Microscope:  GE HealthCare Deltavision OMX system (with temperature and humidity control, 37°C) equipped with an Olympus 60x 1.42NA Oil immersion objective and 2 PCO Edge 5.5 sCMOS cameras (one for DIC, one for fluorescence) Cell type: E. coli DH5α grown under agarose pads File format: .tif (16-bit for widefield images and 32-bit for SIM reconstructions) Image size: 1024 x 1024 px² (40 nm/px) Image preprocessing: E. coli widefield images were scaled with a factor of 2 to match the SIM reconstruction pixel size.    CARE model The CARE 2D model was generated using the ZeroCostDL4Mic platform (Chamier et al., 2021). It was trained from scratch for 300 epochs on 5500 paired image patches (image dimensions: (1024 x 1024 px²), patch size: (80 x 80 px²), 100 patches/image) with a batch size of 8 and a laplace loss function, using the CARE 2D ZeroCostDL4Mic notebook (v 1.12). Key python packages used include tensorflow (v 0.1.12), Keras (v2.3.1), csbdeep (v 0.6.1), numpy (v1.19.5), cuda (v 10.1.243). The training was accelerated using a Tesla P100GPU and data was augmented by a factor of 4 using rotation and flipping. Model weights can be used with the ZeroCostDL4Mic CARE 2D notebook or the CSBDeep Fiji plugin.   Author(s): Pedro Matos Pereira1,2, Mariana Pinho1,3 Contact email: <a href="mailto:pmatos@itqb.unl.pt">pmatos@itqb.unl.pt</a> and <a href="mailto:mgpinho@itqb.unl.pt">mgpinho@itqb.unl.pt</a>   Affiliation:  1) Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal 2) ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1426-9540 3) ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7132-8842