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43 results for “Castilleja”
Floral traits differentiate pollination syndromes and taxa but fail to predict the identity of floral visitors to Castilleja
<p><b>Premise of the Study: </b>Animal pollination is critical to plant reproduction and may cause convergent evolution of pollination syndromes. Pollination syndromes in <i>Castilleja</i> are hypothesized based on floral traits and historical observations of floral visitors. Here we address these questions: (i) Can pollination syndromes be distinguished using floral morphological traits or volatile organic compound emissions? (ii) Is there significant variation in floral traits within a pollination syndrome, at the level of populations or species? and (iii) Do pollination syndromes predict the most frequent floral visitor to <i>Castilleja</i>?</p> <p><b>Methods:<i> </i></b>Floral traits and visitation were measured for five co-occurring <i>Castilleja</i> species (<i>C. applegatei, C. linariifolia, C. miniata, C. nana, and C. peirsonii</i>), representing three pollination syndromes (bee, fly, and hummingbird), at four sites in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multiple linear regressions to address key questions in the differentiation of <i>Castilleja </i>and floral visitors.</p> <p><b>Key Results: </b>Our analyses revealed that both morphological traits and floral VOCs distinguish between some pollination syndromes and <i>Castilleja</i> species. Morphological traits defined pollination syndromes reliably, but within the hummingbird syndrome, there was also significant variation among populations and species. Pollination syndrome was a poor predictor of visitors to <i>Castilleja</i>.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Floral trait differentiation among <i>Castilleja</i> individuals reflects both taxonomy and pollination syndromes. Differentiation was generally more evident in morphological traits compared to VOCs. Furthermore, <i>a priori</i> notions of pollination syndromes in this system are overly simplistic and fail to predict which animals most frequently visit <i>Castilleja</i> in natural populations.</p>
Floral traits differentiate pollination syndromes and taxa but fail to predict the identity of floral visitors to Castilleja
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Castilleja coccinea (Scrophulariaceae) - inflorescence - frontal view of flower
Image of Castilleja coccinea (Scrophulariaceae) - inflorescence - frontal view of flower
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