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148 results for “Change Management”
Future supply of boreal forest ecosystem services is driven by management rather than by climate change
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The umbrella value of caribou management strategies for biodiversity conservation in boreal forests under global change
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Data from: navigating uncertainty: managing herbivore communities enhances savanna ecosystem resilience under climate change
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Cropland management impacts on soil organic carbon stock changes in US croplands from 1990 to 2015
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Hydrological response to compounding impacts of climate change and forest management in the upper Kings River basin, CA, USA
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[Model outputs] Identifying major hydrologic change drivers in a highly managed transboundary endorheic basin: integrating hydro‐ecological models and time‐series data mining techniques
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Data from: Influence of climate change and post-delisting management on long-term population viability of the conservation-reliant Kirtland's warbler
Rapid global climate change is resulting in novel abiotic and biotic conditions and interactions. Identifying management strategies that maximize probability of long-term persistence requires an understanding of the vulnerability of species to environmental changes. We sought to quantify the vulnerability of Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), a rare Neotropical migratory songbird that breeds almost exclusively in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and winters in the Bahamian Archipelago, to projected environmental changes on the breeding and wintering grounds. We developed a population-level simulation model that incorporates the influence of annual environmental conditions on the breeding and wintering grounds, and parameterized the model using empirical relationships. We simulated independent and additive effects of reduced breeding grounds habitat quantity and quality, and wintering grounds habitat quality, on population viability. Our results indicated the Kirtland's Warbler population is stable under current environmental and management conditions. Reduced breeding grounds habitat quantity resulted in reductions of the stable population size, but did not cause extinction under the scenarios we examined. In contrast, projected large reductions in wintering grounds precipitation caused the population to decline, with risk of extinction magnified when breeding habitat quantity or quality also decreased. Our study indicates that probability of long-term persistence for Kirtland's Warbler will depend on climate change impacts to wintering grounds habitat quality, and contributes to the growing literature documenting the importance of considering the full annual cycle for understanding population dynamics of migratory species.
Data from: Ecological disturbance influences adaptive divergence despite high gene flow in golden perch (Macquaria ambigua): implications for management and resilience to climate change
Populations that are adaptively divergent but maintain high gene flow may have greater resilience to environmental change as gene flow allows the spread of alleles that have already been tested elsewhere. In addition, populations naturally subjected to ecological disturbance may already hold resilience to future environmental change. Confirming this necessitates ecological genomic studies of high dispersal, generalist species. Here we perform one such study on golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), Australia using a genome-wide SNP dataset. The MDB spans across arid to wet and temperate to sub-tropical environments, with low to high ecological disturbance in the form of low to high hydrological variability. We found high gene flow across the basin and three populations with low neutral differentiation. Genotype-environment association analyses detected adaptive divergence predominantly linked to an arid region with highly variable riverine flow, and candidate loci included functions related to fat storage, stress and molecular or tissue repair. The high connectivity of golden perch in the MDB will likely allow locally adaptive traits in its most arid and hydrologically variable environment to spread and be selected in localities that are predicted to become arid and hydrologically variable in future climates. High connectivity in golden perch is likely due to their generalist life history and efforts of fisheries management. Our study adds to growing evidence of adaptation in the face of gene flow, and highlights the importance of considering ecological disturbance and adaptive divergence in biodiversity management.
Data from: Phylogenetic measures of plant communities show long-term change and impacts of fire management in tallgrass prairie remnants
1. Phylogenies are increasingly incorporated into ecological studies on the basis that evolutionary relatedness broadly correlates with trait similarity. However, phylogenetic approaches have rarely been applied to monitoring long-term community change or guiding management. 2. We analysed a 25-year resampling data set (1976–2001) of 41 tallgrass prairie remnants (Illinois, USA) to test for phylogenetic signals of plant community structure, change, environmental associations, fire management and functional traits. A community phylogeny was constructed using GenBank sequences and trait data were acquired from the TRY consortium. Phylogenetic measures of alpha and beta diversity were compared with taxonomic and functional measures. 3. From 1976–2001, communities became more phylogenetically clustered relative to null model expectations, i.e. increasingly restricted to subsets of species more closely related than expected by chance. Phylogeny was a sensitive indicator of environmental gradients and fire management. There were strong relationships between phylogeny and traits: key traits were phylogenetically non-random and phylogenetic diversity was a necessary complement to species richness for explaining variation in trait diversity. 4. Phylogeny revealed a shift in community structure over time, with sites having been phylogenetically random in 1976 but becoming differentiated from each other by 2001. In contrast, measures of taxonomic and functional diversity showed differentiation at both time points. Phylogenetic patterns likely reflected changes in species' abundances mediated by the influence of environmental conditions and fire frequency. 5. Synthesis and applications. Phylogenetic analyses can elucidate factors central to sound monitoring and management of plant communities. In this system, phylogeny was not a proxy for other indicators, but provided information complementing taxonomic-based and trait-based approaches for understanding vegetation structure, change and response to fire management. Phylogenetic approaches to ecological analysis are increasingly accessible, but fuller understanding of phylogeny–trait relationships and further development of user-friendly analytical tools are needed for phylogenetics to widely inform restoration and management. In some systems, targeting phylogenetic diversity may be an effective means for restoring functionally diverse plant communities.
Data from: Incorporating uncertainty into forest management planning: timber harvest, wildfire and climate change in the boreal forest
In an effort to ensure the sustainability of their forests, boreal forest managers often use forest planning models to make future projections of timber supply and other key services, such as habitat for wildlife. Projecting the fate of these services has proven to be challenging, however, as major uncertainties exist regarding the principal drivers of boreal ecosystem dynamics, including the future spatial and temporal distribution of wildfire and timber harvesting. Existing forest planning models are not well suited to dealing with this uncertainty because they produce deterministic projections based on central tendencies of these drivers. Here we present a new approach for incorporating uncertainty into forest management planning, which we demonstrate using two landscapes in the Canadian boreal forest. Our approach takes the assumptions contained within the latest forest management plans for each of these landscapes, including parameterizations of their deterministic forest planning models, and converts these assumptions into equivalent parameterizations of a stochastic, spatially-explicit state-and-transition simulation model (STSM). We then use Monte Carlo simulations with the STSM to "stress-test" the forest management plan with respect to a range of possible future uncertainties, including uncertainties in future levels and patterns of wildfire and timber harvest, along with the possible changes in wildfire that might result from future climate change. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of incorporating stochastic variability into projections of future ecosystem condition. The STSM projections that acknowledged variability in wildfire and timber harvest differed from the deterministic forest planning model projections that were based solely on mean values. Our analysis also suggests that there is an increased risk of shortfalls in timber harvest, for both boreal landscapes, associated with future projections for changes in wildfire due to climate change, and that management strategies aimed at reducing the future level of timber harvest offer an opportunity to mitigate these risks. We believe our approach provides a new risk-based framework for incorporating uncertainty into forest management, including the effects of climate change.
Data from: Fallow management increases habitat suitability for endangered steppe bird species through changes in vegetation structure
In the face of the dramatic worldwide decline of farmland bird populations, the preservation of fallow fields is a conservation measure encouraged through subsidies (e.g. agri‐environmental schemes, AES). Beyond the general benefits of increasing fallow availability for endangered steppe bird populations, there is a lack of knowledge on how fallow management can contribute to meeting species‐specific habitat requirements. We used occurrence data from three steppe bird species protected at the EU level (Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus, Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax, and Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra), framed in a quasi‐experimental approach covering an unprecedented spatio‐temporal scale that included 612 fallow fields over a three‐year study period in an agricultural Mediterranean landscape (Spain). We used path analysis to explore the mechanisms by which common agricultural practices affected species‐specific occurrence. We examined partial effects of agricultural practices on vegetation structure and food availability, and the partial effect of these variables on bird occurrence compared to control fields (no agricultural practices applied). Agricultural practices had a significant effect on the presence of the three studied species. Through changes in the vegetation structure, Shredding + Herbicide and Tillage increased the occurrence of the Stone Curlew and Shredding increased the occurrence of the Little Bustard. The occurrence of Calandra Lark was mostly affected by landscape variables. Synthesis and applications. Our study highlights that, in addition to the acknowledged positive role of fallow availability, applying a limited number of specific agricultural practices before the breeding season can further increase bird occurrence by changing the vegetation structure. Using path analysis, we explored the mechanisms driving the occurrence of three steppe bird species under different agricultural practices. Such information is key to providing specific recommendations for future conservation management of endangered species within agri‐environmental schemes.
Landscape genomics of the streamside salamander: Implications for species management in the face of environmental change
<p>Understanding spatial patterns of genetic differentiation and local adaptation is critical in a period of rapid environmental change. Climate change and anthropogenic development have led to population declines and shifting geographic distributions in numerous species. The streamside salamander, <i>Ambystoma barbouri</i>, is an endemic amphibian with a small geographic range that predominantly inhabits small, ephemeral streams. As <i>A. barbouri</i> is listed as near-threatened by the IUCN, we describe range-wide patterns of genetic differentiation and adaptation to assess the species' potential to respond to environmental change. We use outlier scans and genetic-environment association analyses to identify genomic variation putatively underlying local adaptation across the species' geographic range. We find evidence for adaptation with a polygenic architecture and a set of candidate SNPs that identify genes putatively contributing to local adaptation. Our results build on earlier work that suggests that some <i>A. barbouri</i> populations are locally adapted despite evidence for asymmetric gene flow between the range core and periphery. Taken together, the body of work describing the evolutionary genetics of range limits in <i>A. barbouri</i> suggest that the species may be unlikely to respond naturally to environmental challenges through a range shift or <i>in situ</i> adaptation. We suggest that management efforts such as assisted migration may be necessary in the future.</p>
Changes in arthropod communities mediate the effects of landscape composition and farm management on pest control ecosystem services in organically managed strawberry crops
<p>Landscape composition and local diversification practices such as polyculture, cover cropping, and hedgerows may promote natural pest control by benefiting natural enemy communities on farms. Our study employs piecewise structural equation modeling (PSEM) to test causal hypotheses regarding the effects of landscape composition and local diversification practices on arthropod communities and pest control ecosystem services.</p> <p>We sampled 27 organic strawberry fields in California's Central Coast region in 2015 and 2016 (17 repeated between years) for a total of 37 distinct sites across years. The sites were selected along orthogonal gradients of landscape composition and local diversification practices. We also investigated the effects of two common pest management practices. At each site, we sampled arthropod communities using a hand-held vacuum and performed sentinel prey experiments using the pest species <em>Lygus hesperus</em> to estimate pest control levels.</p> <p>At the landscape scale, proportion woods increased natural enemy abundance; at the local scale, diversification practices increased natural enemy diversity.</p> <p>Insecticides and tractor vacuuming, aimed at controlling pests, were indirectly detrimental to pest control services. Both practices decreased natural enemy abundance, and while insecticides also decreased pest abundance, vacuuming did not.</p> <p>Natural enemy abundance and diversity increased pest control levels, while pest abundance had the opposite effect. The PSEM results confirmed our hypotheses that landscape and local effects on pest control are mediated through changes in arthropod communities.</p> <p><em><a>Synthesis </a>and applications</em>: At the landscape scale, higher proportions of woody habitat are associated with greater natural enemy abundance, which increases pest control levels. When promoting pest control ecosystem services is a policy goal, regional planners should prioritize the conservation and restoration of woodlands in agricultural landscapes. At the local scale, decisions of individual growers can impact pest control services. For many growers, adopting practices that promote on-farm plant diversity may be a feasible solution for increasing pest control levels while avoiding the environmental and economic costs imposed by insecticide application and tractor <a>vacuuming. </a></p> <div> <div> <div class="msocomtxt"> <p class="MsoCommentText"> </p> </div> </div> </div>
SECO-RCR: A Tool to Manage Requirements Change in Software Ecosystems
<p>Video de apresentação para a ferramenta SECO-RCR submetido ao SBES Tools 2024.</p>
Data and code for "Tree species abundance changes at the edges of their climatic distribution: an interplay between climate change, plant traits, and forest management"
<p>## Secondary data and code to accompany the research entitled "Tree species abundance changes at the edges of their climatic distribution: an interplay between climate change, plant traits, and forest management" by Padullés Cubino et al. (2024).</p> <p># There are four folders with (1) "raw data", (2) "processed data", (3) "results", and (4) "scripts".</p> <p># The raw and processed data folders contain the CSV and XLSX files with all the data used for analysis and produced from them</p> <p># The "results" folder contains the figures and table presented in the manuscript.</p> <p># The "scripts" folder contains four scripts for the analyses described in the manuscript:</p> <p> 01_preparation_ClimEdge.R -> data cleaning and processing</p> <p> 02_script_Fig1.R -> code to produce Fig1</p> <p> 03_script_Fig2.R -> code to produce Fig2</p> <p> 04_script_Table1_Fig3.R -> code to produce Table 1 and Fig3</p> <p># If anything is unclear, please contact the corresponding author for clarification (padullesj@gmail.com).</p>
Data from: A century of changing flows: forest management changed flow magnitudes and warming advanced the timing of flow in a southwestern US river
The continued provision of water from rivers in the southwestern United States to downstream cities, natural communities and species is at risk due to higher temperatures and drought conditions in recent decades. Snowpack and snowfall levels have declined, snowmelt and peak spring flows are arriving earlier, and summer flows have declined. Concurrent to climate change and variation, a century of fire suppression has resulted in dramatic changes to forest conditions, and yet, few studies have focused on determining the degree to which changing forests have altered flows. In this study, we evaluated changes in flow, climate, and forest conditions in the Salt River in central Arizona from 1914–2012 to compare and evaluate the effects of changing forest conditions and temperatures on flows. After using linear regression models to remove the influence of precipitation and temperature, we estimated that annual flows declined by 8–29% from 1914–1963, coincident with a 2-fold increase in basal area, a 2-3-fold increase in canopy cover, and at least a 10-fold increase in forest density within ponderosa pine forests. Streamflow volumes declined by 37–56% in summer and fall months during this period. Declines in climate-adjusted flows reversed at mid-century when spring and annual flows increased by 10–31% from 1964–2012, perhaps due to more winter rainfall. Additionally, peak spring flows occurred about 12 days earlier in this period than in the previous period, coincident with winter and spring temperatures that increased by 1–2°C. While uncertainties remain, this study adds to the knowledge gained in other regions that forest change has had effects on flow that were on par with climate variability and, in the case of mid-century declines, well before the influence of anthropogenic warming. Current large-scale forest restoration projects hold some promise of recovering seasonal flows.
Data from: Forest management adaptation to climate change: a Cornelian dilemma between drought resistance and soil macro-detritivore functional diversity
1. Global warming induces new constraints on forest ecosystems and requires forest management adaptation. The reduction in stand density is currently debated as a potential tool to face increasing summer drought risk by improving forest resistance to climate change-induced tree mortality. However, few studies have yet assessed the impacts of this management change on soil biodiversity. 2. We conducted a large-scale, multi-site assessment of the response of soil macro-detritivore assemblages and soil functioning to experimental manipulations of stand density. A total of 33 stands were studied covering a wide gradient of stand density, that is stand basal area from 2·5 to 43·7 m2 ha−1, stand age, that is 18–171 years old, and local abiotic context. 3. We observed contrasting responses as a function of both taxonomic and functional groupings. Exploratory analysis using causal diagrams, that is path analysis, highlights that these changes were mainly related to alterations in understorey vegetation, microclimatic and soil pH conditions. The response of soil macro-detritivore assemblages to stand density manipulation was consistent over the gradient of stand ages. 4. Among the litter-dwelling macro-detritivores, millipede abundance and diversity decreased with stand density reduction, while woodlice and epigeic earthworms were unaffected. Further, a shift in soil-dwelling earthworm community composition was observed in mull stands. Endogeic earthworm abundance showed a sharp increase with stand density reduction, which translated into an increase in soil respiration. In contrast, anecic earthworm abundance decreased and was strongly associated with a decline of the rate of forest floor turnover. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study provides strong evidence that reductions of stand density will have substantial impacts on soil macro-detritivore assemblages and cascading effects on soil functioning, particularly in mull stands. Managing stand density of oak forests at an intermediate level, that is 25 m2 ha−1, appears to be best to optimize the trade-off between improving forest resistance to climate change and ensuring the conservation of functional diversity to preserve forest ecosystem functioning and stability.
Vegetation changes from private forestland management can increase species richness and abundance
<p>Conservation efforts on private lands are important for biodiversity conservation. On private lands in South Carolina, forestry management practices (prescribed burning, thinning, herbicide application) are used to improve upland pine habitat for wildlife and timber harvest and are incentivized through United States Department of Agriculture Farm Bill cost-share programs. Because many forest-dependent bird species have habitat requirements created primarily through forest management, data are needed on the effectiveness of these management activities. We studied privately-owned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands in the South Carolina Piedmont region. Our objective was to understand how management practices influence avian species richness and abundance at local (forest stand) and landscape levels in relatively small stands (average ~28 hectares). We surveyed 49 forest stands during two bird breeding seasons with traditional point counts and vegetation surveys. We evaluated the effects of management on pine stand characteristics, avian species richness, and abundance of state-designated bird species of concern. Repeated burning and thinning shifted stand conditions to open pine woodlands with reduced basal area and herbaceous understories. Stands with lower basal area supported greater avian species richness. Some species increased in abundance in response to active management (e.g., Brown-headed Nuthatch, Sitta pusilla, and Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea), but relationships varied. Some species responded positively to increases in forest quantity at a landscape scale (1–5 km, e.g., Northern Bobwhite, Colinus virginianus). We found species-rich avian communities and species of conservation concern on working timber lands, indicating that incentivized forest management on private lands can provide valuable habitat for wildlife. </p>
Dataset for Enhancing Watershed Management through Adaptive Source Apportionment under Changing Environment
<p>D1.sheet. The livestock and poultry information in Hangbu River in 2017</p> <p>D2.sheet. The nitrogen emission of different sources in Hangbu River</p> <p>D3.sheet. The phosphorus emission of different sources in Hangbu River</p> <p>D4.sheet. The Proportion of nitrogen emissions of different sources in Hangbu River</p> <p>D5.sheet. The Proportion of phosphorus emissions of different sources in Hangbu River</p> <p>D6.sheet. The Proportion of nitrogen contribution of different sources in Hangbu River</p> <p>D7.sheet. The Proportion of phosphorus contribution of different sources in Hangbu River</p> <p>D8.sheet. The three dynamic contribution indicators: contribute value, trend of change, and robustness</p> <p>D9.sheet. The Pareto fronts for dynamic source apportionment in nitrogen</p> <p>D10.sheet. The Pareto fronts for dynamic source apportionment in phosphorus</p>
The Change of Critical Patient Managements and Subsequent Influences Under Epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04479332. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.