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Fig. 5 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones

Fig. 5. Top. The central hybrid zone (enlarged from fig. 3), with collecting sites numbered as in figure 4. Site 26 is the midpoint (50:50 point of gene exchange) in the transect (sites 20–30; table 2 appendix 1). Sites 23–25 are between sites 22 and 26, while site 27 is between sites 26 and 28. Note that site 30 comes before site 29 (reading left to right) in the transect from west to east. Bottom. The southern hybrid zone (enlarged from fig. 3), with collecting sites numbered as in figure 4. Site 42 is the midpoint (50:50 point of gene exchange) in the transect (sites 36–40, 42, 44, 46, and 48; table 2 appendix 1).

Fig. 10 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones

Fig. 10. Habitats near the northern transect (tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 4; appendix 1), Animas Valley, NW Lordsburg along NM Hwy 70, 2 September 1990. Top. Site 10, looking NNW; creosote desertscrub Bottom. Grassland and abrupt ecotone with creosote desertscrub (in near background), 32.1 km (by road) NW of Lordsburg, looking NNW; site 10 is 0.8 km to the NW.

Fig. 1 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones

Fig. 1. Geographic range of the western whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus tigris sensu lato, in the continental southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Rectangle (SE Arizona and SW New Mexico) outlines the contact region (detailed in figs. 3–5) where C. t. punctilinealis interbreeds with C. t. marmoratus. Numbers designate collecting sites (appendix 2) for specimens additional to those obtained within the contact region (fig. 3; appendix 1).

Fig. 7 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones

Fig. 7. Habitats at collecting sites in the northern transect, Animas Valley, north of Lordsburg (table 2; figs. 3, 4; appendix 1), 22 August 1990. Top. Site 3, midpoint of the northern hybrid zone, looking E from NM Hwy 464. Bottom. Site 4, looking NW from NM Hwy 464; mesquite grassland.

Fig. 6 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones

Fig. 6. Habitats at collecting sites in the northern transect, Animas Valley, north of Lordsburg (table 2; figs. 3, 4; appendix 1), 22 August 1990. Top. Site 1, looking E from NM Hwy 464; riparian thornscrub. Bottom. Site 2, looking W from NM Hwy 464.

Fig. 11 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones

Fig. 11. Habitats near the northern transect (tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 4; appendix 1), Animas Valley, NW of Lordsburg along NM Hwy 70, 2 September 1990. Top. Grassland about halfway between sites 10 and 13, at 27.9 km (by road) NW Lordsburg, looking N. Bottom. Site 14, looking WSW.

Fig. 4 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones

Fig. 4. The northern hybrid zone, with collecting sites numbered (enlarged from fig. 3). Transect sites are numbers within squares (1–7), but the midpoint (50:50 point of gene exchange) is within a diamond (site 3). Associated sites are numbers in circles (table 2; appendix 1).

Fig. 9 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones

Fig. 9. Habitats at collecting sites in the northern transect and near an associated site, Animas Valley north of Lordsburg (tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 4; appendix 1), 22 August 1990. Top. Site 7, looking W from NM Hwy 464. Bottom. Abrupt ecotone of mesquite grassland and creosote desertscrub (in near background), 5.8 km (by road) W of site 3, looking NW. Site 8 is 0.3 km off the left side of the photo.

Fig. 14 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 14. Atretic and normal follicles and corpora lutea of C. tesselatus. A. Developing oocyte during vitellogenesis (right) and atretic follicle (left; AMNH R145143, slide 19, row 1, section 1). B. Atretic follicle with disorganized cytoplasm but intact nucleus (AMNH R145143, slide 19, row 1, section 1). C. Atretic follicle after vitellogenesis had begun; notice the glassy membrane (AMNH R146620, slide 4, row 2, section 5). D. Atretic follicle (left) and normal follicle (right), both before vitellogenesis (AMNH R146621, slide 4, row 1, section 2). E. A normal follicle showing the structure of the follicle wall and discharging pyriform cells (AMNH R145142, slide 106, row 1, section 3). F. Detail of the tunica interna showing discharging pyriform cells prior to the formation of yolk granules (AMNH R 146637, slide 41, row 1, section 4). G. Detail of a follicle during vitellogenesis, showing a welldeveloped zona radiata, vascularization, and the tunica granulosa (AMNH R145143, slide 28, row 1 section 2). H. Near the end of vitellogenesis the tunica interna is reduced to the tunica granulosa (AMNH R145142, slide 49, row 1, section 2). I. Older corpora lutea showing the triangular shape and absence

Fig. 11 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 11. Electrophoretic phenotypes of GPI, a dimeric enzyme, from erythrocytes of 12 lizards. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 5). Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside the gel (with genotype) as follows: TESE, C. tesselatus pattern class E; SEP, C. gularis septemvittatus; MAR, C. tigris marmoratus; and HYB, C. tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrid. Although the SEP and MAR are identical on this gel (bb), the aallele occurs in other individuals of MAR. All specimens except the SEP are from the hybridization site near Roswell. Anode is to the right; arrow indicates position of sample applications.

Fig. 10 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 10. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of 11 meristic characters. Symbols depict scores of nine karyotyped hybrids collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: •, 8 hybrids of 2n = 46; -, one hybrid of 2n = 47 (fissioned Xchromosome). The ellipse defines the 95% confidence limits for the eight hybrids with intact Xchromosomes.

Fig. 8 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 8. Pattern of morphological distinctiveness expressed by the distribution of canonical variate scores derived from a quadratic canonical variate analysis of eight meristic characters. Symbols depict 84 individuals collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: O, 38 C. tesselatus; Z, 26 C. tigris marmoratus; ·, 20 hybrids. Ellipses define the 95% confidence limits of each group.

Fig. 7 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 7. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of eight meristic characters. Symbols depict scores of 84 individuals collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: O, 38 C. tesselatus; Z, 26 C. tigris marmoratus; ·, 20 hybrids. Ellipses define the 95% confidence limits of each group.

Fig. 4 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 4. Representatives of Cnemidophorus tesselatus from the Arroyo del Macho hybridization site. A. AMNH R146615 (91 mm SVL); B. AMNH R146618 (83 mm SVL); C. AMNH R146619 (85 mm SVL); D. AMNH R146623 (86 mm SVL); E. AMNH R146627 (89 mm SVL); F. AMNH R 146626 (90 mm SVL).

Fig. 2 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 2. Dorsolateral views of three representative whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus) from Arroyo del Macho. A. Diploid unisexual C. tesselatus, AMNH R146638, body length 97 mm. B. Triploid C. tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrid male, AMNH R146693, body length 100 mm. C. Diploid bisexual C. tigris marmoratus male, AMNH R146653, body length 94 mm. All photographed June 19, 1998.

Fig. 9 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 9. Karyotypes of two whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus) from Arroyo del Macho. A. Diploid unisexual C. tesselatus, AMNH R146638 (2n = 46). This unisexual taxon is a clone with its ultimate ancestor being an F1 hybrid between C. tigris marmoratus (haploid complement of chromosomes in the upper two rows) X C. gularis septemvittatus (haploid complement in the lower two rows). Large arrow points to the centromere of the Xchromosome ultimately inherited from C. tigris marmoratus; this chromosome apparently had undergone centric fission into two telocentric chromosomes in the other karyotypic clone of C. tesselatus found at the same locality (2n = 47). B. Triploid hybrid between C. tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus (male), AMNH R146690 (3n = 69). The four rows of chromosomes above the scale bar represent the two haploid complements inherited from C. tigris marmoratus, whereas the lower two rows represent the single haploid complement from C. gularis septemvittatus. The Ychromosome was inherited from the most recent backcross hybridization between C. tesselatus and C. tigris marmoratus. Bar represents 10 µm. Small arrows in both A and B illustrate distinctive secondary constrictions (nucleolar organizer regions) from C. gularis septemvittatus.

Fig. 1. A. A in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 1. A. A view to the east showing the principal gypsum outcrop and southfacing slope at the hybridization locality north of Roswell, Chaves County, New Mexico. Scattered dark shrubs in the center of the figure are mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) in a desert grassland; C. exsanguis and C. inornatus were

Fig. 17 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 17. Oviduct structure of hybrid females (A–D) and C. tesselatus females (E–H). A. Distal oviduct showing thin mucosa and absence of folds (AMNH R145147, slide 8, row 1, section 1). B. Middle oviduct with alveolar glands (AMNH R145147, slide 8, row 1, section 1). C. Middle oviduct showing poorly developed alveolar glands (AMNH R145146, slide 11, row 2, section 2). D. Middle oviduct (AMNH R146691, slide 9, row 2, section 6, MT). E. Distal oviduct showing mucosa and variation in fold development (AMNH R145143, slide 5, row 2, section 6). F. Distal and middle oviducts; note the swollen (active) posterior part of the distal oviduct and the distinctive appearance of the middle oviduct. The proximal oviduct is not visible (AMNH R145142, slide 136, row 1, section 2). G. Middle oviduct with mucosa and welldeveloped alveolar glands (AMNH R145142, slide 80, row 1, section 2). H. Middle oviduct showing serosa, mucosa, and organization of the alveolar glands (AMNH R145142, slide 85, row 1, section 4). Scale bar, 0.01 mm, except F, which is 1 mm, and H, which is 0.1 mm.

Fig. 21. A in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 21. A monthly comparison of size distributions and reproductive status of individuals of Cnemidophorus tesselatus collected at the Arroyo del Macho hybridization site in 1996–1999.

Fig. 19 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 19. Testes of hybrid males (A–C, G, H) and C. tigris males (D–F). Note that G and H are out of sequence because of size. A. Testis with sperm (AMNH R145145, slide 5, row 2, section 3). B. Testis with debris and few sperm (AMNH R146683, slide 10, row 1, section 4). C. Seminiferous tubules