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102 results for “Crassostrea”
Fig. 17. A-F Crassostrea gasar specimens C. paraibanensis-like. A–F in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 17. A-F Crassostrea gasar specimens C. paraibanensis-like. A–F: C. Gomes 2022–03 (n4, n12, n15, n18). Photo by Jo˜ao Paulo Ramos Ferreira.
Fig. 16. A-O in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 16. A-O Crassostrea gasar morphological variation (Cont.). Shell specimens: A: Miguel Accioly Zsa3- 17; B: Miguel Accioly Zsa1-30; C: C. Tureck PdC-79; D–E: Angela P. Legat 205a-03; F: Angela P. Legat 194a-03; G: C. Melo LAG-15; H: Angela P. Legat 204b- 09; I: Galv˜ao SP-63; J–K: Bicolor cultivar 01; L–M: Golden cultivar 02; N: Golden cultivar 01; O–P: Black cultivar 01. Photo by Jo˜ao Paulo Ramos Ferreira. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 18. A-M in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 18. A-M Crassostrea rhizophorae morphological variation. Shell specimens: A: Alfredo O. G´alvez PEa4-95; B–C: Alfredo O. G´alvez LSb4-79; D–E: C. Melo SBQ-04; F: C. Tureck PdC-68; G: Alfredo O. G´alvez ZEa2-126; H–I: Alfredo O. G´alvez PEa3-96; J: Alfredo O. G´alvez ZEa2-129; K–L: Alfredo O. G´alvez PEa3-98; M: C. Tureck PdC-66. Photo by Jo˜ao Paulo Ramos Ferreira.
Fig. 15. A-O in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 15. A-O Crassostrea gasar morphological variation. Shell specimens: A: C. Tureck Her-04; B–C: Angela P. Legat 195-16; D: Alfredo O. G´alvez Pea2-108; E: Angela P. Legat 204a-01; F–G: Angela P. Legat 204b-13; H–I C. Tureck IdM-46; J–K: Alfredo O. G´alvez LSb4-70; L–M: Alfredo O. G´alvez LSb2-84; N–O: Alfredo O. G´alvez Pea1-101. Photo by Jo˜ao Paulo Ramos Ferreira.
Fig. 14. A-E in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 14. A-E Anatomical morphology of Crassostrea gasar. A: Adult animal with a "V" accessory heart (C. Gomes LB105); B: tentacle arrangement (C. Gomes LB101); C: Rectum and anal folds (C. Gomes LB105); D: Single branched accessory heart (C. Gomes LB101); E: accessory heart "Y" shaped (C. Gomes LB105). F–K Anatomical morphology of Crassostrea rhizophorae. F: Adult animal with a "Y" accessory heart (C. Gomes LRH08); G–H: tentacle arrangement (C. Gomes LRH10); I: Rectum and anal folds (C. Gomes LRH08); J: Ventral posterior mantle fusion view of both mantle lobes, each containing a simple branched accessory heart (C. Gomes LRH08); K: accessory heart "Y" shaped (C. Gomes LRH10). (ah = accessory heart, lah = left accessory heart, rah = right accessory heart).
Fig. 12 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 12. Mean (± standard deviation) Scar of adductor muscle characters from measurements (MSH, MSL, MSL/SL) (p <0.05).
Fig. 10 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 10. Mean (± standard deviation) umbo characters from measurements (UH, UL, UCD, UH/SL, UCD/UH). Frequency of C. gasar and C. rhizophorae individuals for each category of UCC (p <0.05).
Fig. 9 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 9. Frequency of C. gasar and C. rhizophorae individuals for each category of Br, RVF, SOO (p <0.05).
Fig. 19. A-P in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 19. A-P Crassostrea rhizophorae morphological variation (Cont.). Shell specimens: A: C. Tureck IdM- 58; B: C. Tureck PdC-81; C: Alfredo O. G´alvez LSb3- 77; D–E: Angela P. Legat 189a-02; F: Alfredo O. G´alvez ZEa2-119; G: Alfredo O. G´alvez ZEc2-14; H: Miguel Accioly ZSc2-05; I: C. Tureck IdM-61; J: Miguel Accioly PEa3-39; K: Angela P. 193c-04; L–M: Angela P. Legat 189-08; N: Miguel Accioly PEa1-40; O: Miguel Accioly ZEa1-45; P: Angela P. Legat 190- 04; Q: Standard cultivar specimen 01. Photo by Jo˜ao Paulo Ramos Ferreira.
Fig. 7 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 7. Mean (± standard deviation) shell characters from measurements (SH, SL, SW, SH/SL, RVH/SH). Frequency of C. gasar and C. rhizophorae individuals for each category of SF (p <0.05).
Fig. 4 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 4. Shell range of colors. Left valve: a – (Brownish; Bwn), b – (Yellowish; Ylw), c – (White with purple stripes; WP), d – (Whitish; Wht); Right valve: e and f – (Brownish; Bwn), g – (Yellowish; Ylw), h – (Whitish; Wht). Scale: 10 mm. Illustration by Leandro Lopes de Souza. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 2. Conchological aspects of the left valve. Internal color: a – (purple), b – (Faintly pigmented), c and d – (white); Internal margin color: c – (purple), d – (white); Outter ornamentation of shells: e and g – (merged scales, "g" with longitudinal costae), f – (imbricate scales); A conspicuous projection of the left shell valve: h – (branchitellum). Color of adductor muscle scar: i – (white), j – (faintly pigmented), k – (purple). Scale; 10 mm. Illustration based on mangrove oysters collected in this study. Illustration by Leandro Lopes de Souza. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 3. Shell formats: a – (Circle), b – (Obovoid), c – (Ellipsoid), d – (Elongate). Scale: 10 mm. Illustration by Leandro Lopes de Souza.
Fig. 13 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 13. The χ2 test of independence of Species, MSF and MSC, based on the permutation distribution.
Fig. 21 in A historical and integrative taxonomic account of mangrove oyster species native to the Atlantic American coast: A re-evaluation of Brazilian Crassostrea species
Fig. 21. The χ2 test of independence of Species, SF, MSF and UCC, based on the permutation distribution. Legends for MSF (E Elongate, O - Ovate, R – Reniform) and UCC (S – Shallow, D – Deep).
Data from: Fine-scale temporal analysis of genotype-dependent mortality at settlement in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
Settlement and metamorphosis mark a critical transition in the life cycle of marine invertebrates, during which substantial mortality occurs in both field and laboratory settings. Previous pair-crossing experiments with the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas have revealed significant selective or genotype-dependent mortality around the metamorphic transition, but the fine-scale nature and timing of this mortality is not known, particularly whether it occurs before, during or after metamorphosis. In this laboratory study, microsatellite marker segregation ratios were followed daily throughout the settlement and metamorphosis of an F2 cross of the Pacific oyster to examine the fine-scale patterns of genotype dependent mortality at this transition and whether settlement timing (early vs. late) might be under genetic control and affect inference of genotype dependent mortality. Settlement occurred over nine days (day 18 to day 27 post-fertilization) with 68% of individuals settling either early (day 19) or late (day 24). Tracking the survival of spat for 40 days after initial settlement revealed almost no mortality and thus no appreciable genetic mortality. Temporal genetic analysis revealed that 3/11 loci exhibited genotype dependent mortality around the metamorphic transition, one of which (Cg205) was followed throughout settlement and metamorphosis. Alternative temporal patterns of strong selection against each homozygous genotype at Cg205 revealed possible defects in both the competency pathway (inability to initiate metamorphosis) and the morphogenesis pathway (mortality during the metamorphic transition). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of settlement timing identified three individual and one epistatic QTL with significant genetic effects on this trait (29% of the variance explained in total); however, two of these loci were linked to markers exhibiting selective mortality at metamorphosis, potentially confounding their apparent association with settlement timing. Overall, the results of this study highlight the complex nature of mortality and behavior during settlement and metamorphosis in oysters and suggest that endogenous sources of mortality at settlement may play an important role in the recruitment dynamics of oysters and possibly other broadcast spawning marine invertebrates.
Data from: The density and spatial arrangement of the invasive oyster Crassostrea gigas determines its impact on settlement of native oyster larvae
Understanding how the density and spatial arrangement of invaders is critical to developing management strategies of pest species. The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has been translocated around the world for aquaculture and in many instances has established wild populations. Relative to other species of bivalve, it displays rapid suspension feeding, which may cause mortality of pelagic invertebrate larvae. We compared the effect on settlement of Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, larvae of manipulating the spatial arrangement and density of native S. glomerata, and non-native C. gigas. We hypothesized that while manipulations of dead oysters would reveal the same positive relationship between attachment surface area and S. glomerata settlement between the two species, manipulations of live oysters would reveal differing density-dependent effects between the native and non-native oyster. In the field, whether oysters were live or dead, more larvae settled on C. gigas than S. glomerata when substrate was arranged in monospecific clumps. When, however, the two species were interspersed, there were no differences in larval settlement between them. By contrast, in aquaria simulating a higher effective oyster density, more larvae settled on live S. glomerata than C. gigas. When C. gigas was prevented from suspension feeding, settlement of larvae on C. gigas was enhanced. By contrast, settlement was similar between the two species when dead. While the presently low densities of the invasive oyster C. gigas may enhance S. glomerata larval settlement in east Australian estuaries, future increases in densities could produce negative impacts on native oyster settlement. Synthesis and applications: Our study has shown that both the spatial arrangement and density of invaders can influence their impact. Hence, management strategies aimed at preventing invasive populations reaching damaging sizes should not only consider the threshold density at which impacts exceed some acceptable limit, but also how patch formation modifies this.
Data from: Reef-specific patterns of gene expression plasticity in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica)
Understanding the interaction between phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary processes is important for predicting a species' response to changing environment. Strong recurrent selection each generation may be an important process in highly fecund species with broad dispersal and extensive early mortality. We tested whether selection was associated with spatial divergence in gene expression plasticity for osmoregulation in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). We collected adult oysters from high and low salinity reefs within a single estuary and after 9 weeks of acclimation at 10 and 30 salinity, measured gene expression in 24 oysters using next-generation RNA sequencing technology. The oysters had significantly different expression (DE) in response to salinity treatments for 7936 (18.9%) transcripts overall, with planned contrasts showing 8× more DE in oysters from the high-salinity reef and 15× more DE between reefs when tested at 10 salinity. The reef-by-treatment interaction was also genomically pervasive (5858 DE transcripts, 13.9%). Inter-reef F ST for transcript SNPs averaged 0.0025 with the top 1% between 0.29 and 0.73. Transcripts containing "outlier" SNPs were significantly enriched for osmoregulatory genes and showed patterns of variation consistent with selection on the low-salinity reef. Both phenotypic plasticity and recurrent selection seem to be important factors determining the realized niche of oysters within estuaries.
Figure 2 in Revision shock in Pacific oysters taxonomy: the genus Magallana (formerly Crassostrea in part) is well-founded and necessary
Figure 2. Phylogeny of Ostreidae based on mitochondrial gene order data. The phylogenetic tree was inferred using the maximum-likelihood approach based on genome rearrangements (transpositions, duplications, insertions and losses) of 16 complete mitochondrial genomes retrieved from previous studies (see text for references). Bootstrap support over 1000 replicates is reported for the main nodes. On the right, the tRNA and rRNA duplications and the tRNA transpositions that distinguish Magallana from Crassostrea oysters are mapped on to the mitochondrial genome of M. gigas and C. virginica.
Biofloc removal by the oyster Crassostrea gasar as a candidate species to an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system with the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
<p>Currently, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/aquaculture">aquaculture</a> seeks to implement production models that keep up with the global demands for sustainability and reduced environmental impacts. One of the options adopted is integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), which cultivates species of different <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/trophic-level">trophic levels</a>, improving the use of nutrients and increasing the economic profitability of the system. On the other hand, the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/biofloc-technology">Biofloc Technology</a> system (BFT) has also been highlighted as an important eco-friendly activity. In an attempt to reduce total suspended solids (TSS) and in accordance with the IMTA principles, the present work evaluated the action of the oyster <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/crassostrea"><em>Crassostrea</em></a><em> gasar</em> on the reduction of TSS and its influence on the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/microbial-communities">microbial community</a> present on the bioflocs. An experiment with two treatments (With and Without Oyster) was carried out in waters from an ongoing marine shrimp crop. The experiment lasted for 5 days, when water samples and oyster stomach content were collected for analysis of microorganisms. The water quality parameters did not show significant differences. The TSS and aggregates number also showed no differences between treatments, indicating that the presence of oysters did not influence the amount of total suspended solids. However, the predominance of flagellates in the stomach contents of the bivalves indicates a prey selectivity by <em>C. gasar</em> by this microorganism. Thus, it is likely that <em>C. gasar</em> is not an effective tool to reduce suspended solids in IMTA, but this organism can highly benefited from <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/protozoa">protozoan</a> present in BFT system.</p>
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