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68 results for “Ctenophora”
FIGURES 17–21 in The diatom genus Ctenophora: A discussion on its morphology, relationships, and some species
FIGURES 17–21: Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs, BM herb.). SEM micrographs, Fig. 17, internal view of entire valve with VC at one side; Fig. 18, detail of pole, internal view showing rimoportula, virgae, vimines and sternum; Fig. 19, detail of central with enlarged (or modified) and (in this specimen) a vague appearance of 'ghost striae'; Fig. 20, entire VC; Fig. 21, detail of 2nd (?) band (copula) with 'areola'–like ornamentation along its length. Scale bars = 2μm (Figs 18, 19, 21), 10μm (Figs 17, 20).
FIGURES 53–59 in The diatom genus Ctenophora: A discussion on its morphology, relationships, and some species
FIGURES 53–59: Ctenophora vertebra. Fig. 53, reproduction of drawing for Synedra vertebra Gregory (1855: pl. 4, fig. 22); Figs 54–57, LM micrographs of C. vertebra, BM 24988, 'lacustrine sands, Glenshira, near Inverary, Scotland'. Scale bar = 10μm; Fig. 58, reproduction of Synedra acicularis W.Sm. (1853: 70, pl. 11, fig. 86; Fig. 59, reproduction of Synedra socialis Rabenh. (1853: 56, pl. 4, fig. 22).
FIGURE 5 in Planktonic Ctenophora of the Madeira Archipelago (Northeastern Atlantic)
FIGURE 5. World distribution of (A) E.vexilligera, (B) O. crystallina, and (C) C. veneris. Red triangle: present records in Madeira Archipelago
FIGURE 3. Ocyropsis crystallina Rang, 1827 in Planktonic Ctenophora of the Madeira Archipelago (Northeastern Atlantic)
FIGURE 3. Ocyropsis crystallina Rang, 1827. Legends: au, auricle; mo, mouth; g, gonads, or.l, oral lobe; ss.cr, substomdaeal ctene row; st.cr, subtentacular ctene row; sto, stomodaeal (pharynx). Photo credit: S.K.M. Gueroun
FIGURE 2. Eurhamphaea vexilligera Gegenbaur, 1856. A in Planktonic Ctenophora of the Madeira Archipelago (Northeastern Atlantic)
FIGURE 2. Eurhamphaea vexilligera Gegenbaur, 1856. A, total view of an adult in the stomodaeal plane; B, view of the aboral portion of the body in the stomodaeal plane; C, view of a body section in the stomodaeal plane. Legends: a.f, aboral process/ filament; ap, apical horn-shape; au, auricle; i.v, ink vesicle; mo, mouth; ss.c, substomdaeal ctene row; ss.mc, substomodaeal meridional canal; sta, statocysts; st.cr, subtentacular ctene row; st, stomodaeum (pharynx). Photo credits: S.K.M Gueroun
FIGURE 4 in Planktonic Ctenophora of the Madeira Archipelago (Northeastern Atlantic)
FIGURE 4. Photographies of (A1) Cestum veneris Lesueur, 1813 and (A2) the purplish-black pigment on its wingtips; (B) Beroe sp. Müller, 1776. Photo credit: C. veneris: F. Gizzi; Beroe sp.: M. Buzinkai
Figure 11 in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 11. Beroe mitrata: A, general view; B, aboral pole; C, stomodaeum and mouth (photo N. Killi from Killi, Abyzova, Shiganova, 2019).
Figure 9. Beroe forskalii. A in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 9. Beroe forskalii. A, general view of adult ctenophore; B, lateral view; C, juvenile individual; D, aboral pole with a row of long, branched papillae (A, B, D: photos by Tihomir Makovec from Shiganova & Malej, 2009; C: photo by F. Lombard).
Figure 6. Beroe cucumis. A in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 6. Beroe cucumis. A, aboral end (photo A. Semenov); B, oral view with mouth; C, adult ctenophore from the White Sea (photo A. Semenov); D, adult ctenophore from the Great Belt (photo H. U. Riisgård from Shiganova et al., 2014b).
Figure 5. Beroe pseudocucumis. A in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 5. Beroe pseudocucumis. A, general view of adult ctenophore with meridional and paragastal canals; B, lateral view; C, view of meridional and paragastal canals and dense diverticulae, which does not anastomose with each other; D, axial funnel tube and aboral pole with a row of long branched aboral papillae (photographs by T. Makovec and T. Shiganova, from Shiganova & Malej, 2009).
Figure 2 in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 2. Illustrations by the premier describers of genus Beroe. A, Browne (1756); B, Bosc (1802); C, Chamisso & Eysenhardt (1821).
Figure 1. A in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 1. A, Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the genus Beroe inferred from a fragment of ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 gene. Values at nodes represent Bayesian posterior probability support. Scale bar is substitutions per site in; B, neighbour-joining tree based on an ITS dataset, calculated with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Values above nodes – bootstrap-support values. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site; C, maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree. Values above nodes – ML bootstrap. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.
Figure 3. Beroe ovata from the Black Sea. A in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 3. Beroe ovata from the Black Sea. A, general view: PC – paragastal canal; STC –subtetacular meridional canal; SC – subsugital canal; a – anastomoses; d – diverticular. B, oral view of the body: M – mouth; MA – macrocilia. C, aboral part of body: A – aboral pole; I – infundibulum. D, part of body with canals: a – anastamoses, d – diverticular (photos by T. Shiganova).
Data from: Extracting phylogenetic signal and accounting for bias in whole-genome data sets supports the Ctenophora as sister to remaining Metazoa
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Exploring the potential of small RNA subunit and ITS sequences for resolving phylogenetic relationships within the phylum Ctenophora
Ctenophores are a phylum of non-bilaterian marine (mostly planktonic) animals, characterised by several unique synapomorphies (e.g. comb rows, apical organ). Relationships between and within the nine recognised ctenophore orders are far from understood, notably due to a paucity of phylogenetically-informative anatomical characters. Previous attempts to address ctenophore phylogeny using molecular data (18S rRNA) led to poorly resolved trees but demonstrated the paraphyly of the order Cydippida. Here we compiled an updated 18S rRNA data set, notably including a few newly-sequenced species representing previously unsampled families (Lampeidae, Euryhamphaeidae), and we built up an additional more rapidly-evolving ITS1+5.8SrRNA+ITS2 alignment. These data sets have been analysed separately and in combination under a probabilistic framework, using different methods (Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian inference) and models (e.g. doublet model to accommodate secondary structure; data partitioning). An important lesson from our exploration of these datasets is that the fast-evolving ITS regions are useful markers for reconstructing high-level relationships within ctenophores. Our results confirm the paraphyly of the order Cydippida (and thus a "cyddipid-like" ctenophore common ancestor) and suggest that the family Mertensiidae could be the sister-group of all other ctenophores. The family Lampeidae (also part of the former "Cydippida") is probably the sister-group of the order Platyctenida (benthic ctenophores). The order Beroida might not be monophyletic, due to the position of Beroe abyssicola outside of a clade grouping the other Beroe species and members of the "Cydippida" family Haeckeliidae. Many relationships (i.e. between Pleurobrachiidae, Beroida, Cestida, Lobata, Thalassocalycida) remain unresolved. Future progress in understanding ctenophore phylogeny will come from the use of additional rapidly-evolving markers and improvement of taxonomic sampling.
Revisiting the phylogeny of phylum Ctenophora: a molecular perspective
<p>Raw data used in 'Revisiting the phylogeny of phylum Ctenophora: a molecular perspective' study.</p>
Figures 1, 2 in An electron microscope study and re-description of the type specimens of Synedra subula and its transfer to Ctenophora (Bacillariophyta)
Figures 1, 2.
Figure 10 in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 10. Beroe mitrata (illustrated by Komai, 1915).
Figure 8 in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 8. Beroe forskalii (with an ingested Pukia). Photo: Denis Riek from Gershwin et al. (2014).
Figure 4 in Revision of Beroidae (Ctenophora) in the southern seas of Europe: systematics and distribution based on genetics and morphology
Figure 4. Beroe ovata (Eschscholtz, 1829), after Tréguboff & Rose (1957).
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