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Figure 15. Nummulites striatoreticulatus Rutten. A–C in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 15. Nummulites striatoreticulatus Rutten. A–C, Entronque de Herradura; A, 98LC-2-686; B, 98LC-2-687; C, 98LC-2-1a. D–F, Loma Candelaria; D, 98LC-1-660; E, 98LC-1-630; F, 98LC-1-806. G–K, La Esperanza; G, E-126-474; H, E-126-466; I, E-126-458; J, E-126-470, gaps in the septa between adjacent alar prolongations of the chambers; K, E-126-459; L, M, Loma El Santo; L, CA-215- 865; M, CA-215- 65. A, B, E, F, H, I, L and M are A forms in equatorial section; C, D, G and J are A forms in axial section.

Figure 13 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 13. Distribution of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) in the Norona section, western Cuba (modified from Torres-Silva et al. 2017).

Figure 10 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 10. Distribution of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) in the Entronque de Herradura section, western Cuba.

Figure 8 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 8. Palaeogeographical distribution of the Eocene nummulitid species found at the Cuban localities. Map adapted from Pindell (2009).

Figure 19 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 19. Discriminant analysis of nummulitid species, where the important discriminators are ranked along the discriminant functions. Orange arrows indicate possible source of morphological changes. A, discriminant analysis within Nummulites striatoreticulatus at localities 98LC-2, 98LC-2 and E-126. B, discriminant analysis within Operculinoides floridensis at localities 98 LC-1, CA-215 and CA-216. C, discriminant analysis within O. soldadensis at localities 98LC-1, CA-125 and NOR-UN.

Figure 7. A in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 7. A, schematic diagram showing the Eocene depositional environments in sections from western and central Cuba (modified from Cotton 2012). B, schematic diagram showing depth zonation of nummulitid species and larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) present in the Eocene section across the depositional gradient (modified from Beavington-Penney & Racey 2004).

Figure 4 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 4. Discriminant analysis of nummulitid species, where the important discriminators are ranked along the discriminant functions. A, discriminant analysis between Operculinoides and Palaeonummulites species; B, discriminant analysis within Nummulites striatoreticulatus from different localities; C, discriminant analysis within O. floridensis from different localities; D, discriminant analysis within O. soldadensis from different localities.

Figure 9 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 9. Distribution of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) in the Angelita Quarry section, western Cuba.

Figure 6 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 6. Stratigraphical ranges of the nummulitid species from the Cuban sections and their correlation with the standard planktonic zones. A, Pearson et al. (2006); B, Berggren et al. (1995); C, Martini (1971); D, Agnini et al. (2014).

Figure 5. Ordinations and discriminant analysis. A in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 5. Ordinations and discriminant analysis. A, two-dimensional ordination of studied specimens; genera are separated by different shapes (squares = Operculinoides; polygons = Palaeonummulites; triangles = Heterostegina). B, three-dimensional ordination of the studied specimens emphasizes the variation in the third component, highlighting the differentiation between Heterostegina sp. indet. and Operculinoides. C, discriminant analysis of Heterostegina species and Operculinoides or Palaeonummulites species; parameters are sorted in order of their importance as discriminators.

Figure 2 in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 2. Measurements of characters in equatorial section. A, embryonic apparatus; B, marginal test spiral; C, chamber measurements; D, example individual, Operculinoides floridensis, specimen 98LC-1H-648.

Figure 1. A in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 1. A, schematic tectonic map of western and central Cuba (after Iturrlade-Vinent 1994), with locations of the stratigraphical sections and samples. B, stratigraphical relations of Eocene units in western and central Cuba, slightly modified from Garćıa-Delgado & Torres-Silva (1997); stratigraphical ranges of the studied sections: A, 98LC-2; B, 98LC-1; C, LM-52; D, NOR-UN; E, 98MT-1; F, E-126; G, CA-215.

Figure 3. A in Morphometric analysis of Eocene nummulitids in western and central Cuba: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends

Figure 3. A, two-dimensional ordination of studied specimens; colours accord with the results of the K-means cluster analysis. Numbers indicate the measured type material: 1, Nummulites stritoreticulatus, holotype; 2, N. macgillavry (from Butterlin 1981); 3, Operculinoides trinitatensis, holotype; 4, O. spiralis, holotype; 5. O. kugleri, holotype; 6, N. trinitatensis (from Butterlin 1961); 7, O. willcoxi (from Barker 1939); 8, O. willcoxi (from Cole 1941); 9, O. floridensis (from Frost & Langenheim 1974); 10, O. floridensis (from Cole 1941); 11, O. floridensis (from Cole 1941); 12, O. soldadensis (from Vaughan & Cole 1941); 13, O. suteri (from Caudri 1996); 14, N. floridensis (from Butterlin 1961). B, three-dimensional ordination of the studied specimens emphasizes the variation in the third component, highlighting the differentiation between Nummulites from 98LC-2 and Palaeonummulites from 98LC-1. C, discriminant analysis between the interpreted species: Nummulites striatoreticulatus, Palaeonummulites trinitatensis, Operculinoides floridensis and Operculinoides soldadensis; parameters are sorted in order of their importance as discriminators.

Figure 11 in New records and geographic range extension of Epilobocera capolongoi Pretzmann, 2000 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Epiloboceridae) in Cuba, with notes on its natural history and conservation

Figure 11. Adult female of Epilobocera capolongoi found carrying offspring in mountain rainforest on 5 October 2013, Pico San Juan Ecological Reserve, Cienfuegos province. Notice the very broad exopodite of the third maxilliped, which is a diagnostic character of this species. Photos by Ruben Marrero.

Figure 12 in New records and geographic range extension of Epilobocera capolongoi Pretzmann, 2000 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Epiloboceridae) in Cuba, with notes on its natural history and conservation

Figure 12. Female of Epilobocera cubensis poliorcetes found carrying offspring at night on 7 November 2018 on a mountain path about 700 m NW of Jarico ranger station, Lomas de Banao Ecological Reserve, Sancti Spíritus province. Photos by Aslam I. Castellón.

Figure 10 in New records and geographic range extension of Epilobocera capolongoi Pretzmann, 2000 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Epiloboceridae) in Cuba, with notes on its natural history and conservation

Figure 10. Adult female of Epilobocera capolongoi (CZACC 5.0045) found active at night in the tributary source of Higuanojo river on 10 November 2018. Photo by Aslam I. Castellón.

Figure 9 in New records and geographic range extension of Epilobocera capolongoi Pretzmann, 2000 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Epiloboceridae) in Cuba, with notes on its natural history and conservation

Figure 9. Detail of frontal region of Epilobocera capolongoi (upper left: CZACC 5.0047; lower left: CZACC 5.0045) and E. cubensis (upper right: CZACC 5.0050; lower right: CZACC 5.0051), showing variation in the shape of the epistome and the branchial efferent channel openings.

Figure 8 in New records and geographic range extension of Epilobocera capolongoi Pretzmann, 2000 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Epiloboceridae) in Cuba, with notes on its natural history and conservation

Figure 8. Chelipeds of an adult male Epilobocera capolongoi (CZACC 5.0047) (A–D) and of an adult male E. cubensis (CZACC 5.0050) (E–H) from Lomas de Banao Ecological Reserve. A, E, Right chela in outer (above) and inner (below) views; B, F, left chela in outer (above) and inner (below) views; C, G, right carpus in dorsal view; D, H, right merus in dorsal (above), inner (middle), and inner-lower (below) views. All the images were taken soon after death (keeping the coloration in life), except G and H below (after preservation). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Figure 7 in New records and geographic range extension of Epilobocera capolongoi Pretzmann, 2000 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Epiloboceridae) in Cuba, with notes on its natural history and conservation

Figure 7. Variation of five morphometric ratios between Epilobocera capolongoi and E. cubensis: CA, carapace width/length; RC, right chela length/width; LC, left chela length/width; RM, right merus length/width; LM, left merus length/width (see App. 2).

Figure 3 in New records and geographic range extension of Epilobocera capolongoi Pretzmann, 2000 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Epiloboceridae) in Cuba, with notes on its natural history and conservation

Figure 3. Habitat (above) and landscape (below) in Pico San Juan Ecological Reserve, Cienfuegos province, where a female Epilobocera capolongoi carrying offspring was observed in mountain rainforest at 1,000 m elevation.