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FIGURE 8 in Zamia orinoquiensis (Zamiaceae, Cycadales), a new species from the western Orinoquía region of Colombia

FIGURE 8. Zamia muricata in habitat in Venezuela. A. Adult plant in Puerto Cumarebo, Falcón. B. Mature plant in Puerto Cumarebo, Falcón. C. Pollen strobili in Puerto Cumarebo, Falcón. D. Ovulate strobilus with characteristic long peduncle, San Felipe, Yaracuy [Niño et al. 6597 (PORT)]. E. New leaf in Chichirivichi, Falcón.

FIGURE 6 in Zamia orinoquiensis (Zamiaceae, Cycadales), a new species from the western Orinoquía region of Colombia

FIGURE 6. Stage population structure of two Zamia orinoquiensis populations in Medina, Cundinamarca. Population A is the type locality, identified by the specimen Castro et al. 1554 (HUA). Population B is represented by the collection Castro et al. 1555 (HUA).

FIGURE 7. Zamia muricata. A. Immature ovulate strobilus showing characteristically long peduncle, B in Zamia orinoquiensis (Zamiaceae, Cycadales), a new species from the western Orinoquía region of Colombia

FIGURE 7. Zamia muricata. A. Immature ovulate strobilus showing characteristically long peduncle, B. Megasporophyll, abaxial side with mature seed, C. Mature seed with sarcotesta, D. Mature seed sclerotesta, E. Mature ovulate strobilus with ripe seeds, F. Immature pollen strobilus, G. Microsporophyll abaxial side, H. Microsporophyll adaxial side, I. Median leaflet, J. Adult plant with ovulate strobilus, K. Seedling with eophyll.

FIGURE 5 in Zamia orinoquiensis (Zamiaceae, Cycadales), a new species from the western Orinoquía region of Colombia

FIGURE 5. Zamia orinoquiensis in habitat in Cundinamarca, Colombia. A. Aerial view of type locality showing tropical moist forest fragments surrounded by cattle pasture. B. Tropical moist forest understory habitat. C. Large adult male plant with C. Lopez-Gallego and M. Calonje. D. Adult male plant with J. Castro, M. Calonje, and C. Castro. E. Immature ovulate strobilus, F. Pollen strobili, G. Leaf on a juvenile. H. Seedlings with 2-leaflet eophylls. All photographs taken at type locality in Medina except D and F, which were taken in Paratebueno.

FIGURE 4 in Zamia orinoquiensis (Zamiaceae, Cycadales), a new species from the western Orinoquía region of Colombia

FIGURE 4. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia orinoquiensis. A. Pollen strobilus cross section, abaxial view, B. Pollen strobilus near pollen release phase, C. Microsporophyll abaxial view, D. Microsporophyll adaxial view, E. Megasporophyll abaxial view, F. Megasporophyll adaxial view, G. Seed with ripe sarcotesta, H. Seed sclerotesta with half of sarcotesta removed to show thickness. I. Ovulate strobilus at maturity, J. Ovulate strobilus, immature. All images from type locality.

FIGURE 2. Morphometric variation beween Zamia muricata and Z. orinoquiensis. The plots A–G in Zamia orinoquiensis (Zamiaceae, Cycadales), a new species from the western Orinoquía region of Colombia

FIGURE 2. Morphometric variation beween Zamia muricata and Z. orinoquiensis. The plots A–G correspond to the traits listed in Table 3 that had significantly different means (p ≤.001). Whiskers indicate standard errors and circles and asterisks represent outliers.

FIGURE 3 in Zamia orinoquiensis (Zamiaceae, Cycadales), a new species from the western Orinoquía region of Colombia

FIGURE 3. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia orinoquiensis from Medina and Paratebueno Municipalities in Cundinamarca, Colombia. A. Median leaflet, B. Adult individual with pollen strobili, C. Eophyll leaflets, top view, D. Seedling with eophyll, E. Petiole, unarmed, F. Petiole, armed with robust prickles, G. Cataphyll.

FIGURE 8 in Ceratophila, a new genus of erotylid beetles (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the cycad Ceratozamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae)

FIGURE 8. Photographs of Ceratophila (Uovidesa) vazquezi (A–D, F: male holotype): A–C) dorsal, ventral and lateral and habitus; D) head, ventral view; E) head, female, ventral view; F) head lateral view; G) median lobe still attached to tegmen, ventral and lateral views; H) male genital capsule, ventral view; arrow indicates tuft of erect setae on mentum and submentum.

FIGURE 6 in Ceratophila, a new genus of erotylid beetles (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the cycad Ceratozamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae)

FIGURE 6. Photographs of Ceratophila (Uovidesa) chiapensis collected from Ceratozamia vovidesii (A–F: female allotype): A–C) dorsal, ventral and lateral and habitus; D–F) head, dorsal, ventral and lateral views; G) (left to right) male genital capsule, median lobe and tegmen, ventral views; H) median lobe and tegmen, lateral views; I) close up of parameres of tegmen, ventral view.

FIGURE 7 in Ceratophila, a new genus of erotylid beetles (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the cycad Ceratozamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae)

FIGURE 7. Photographs of Ceratophila (Uovidesa) mixeorum (A–E: male holotype): A–C) dorsal, ventral and lateral and habitus; D–E) head, dorsal and ventral views; F) (left to right) male genital capsule, median lobe and tegmen, ventral views; G) (top to bottom) median lobe and tegmen, lateral views; H) close up of parameres of tegmen, ventral view.

FIGURE 4 in Ceratophila, a new genus of erotylid beetles (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the cycad Ceratozamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae)

FIGURE 4. Photographs of Ceratophila (Ceratophila) picipennis collected from Ceratozamia mirandae (A–E: male holotype): A–C) dorsal, ventral and lateral and habitus; D–F) head, dorsal and ventral views; G) male genital capsule, ventral view; H) median lobe still attached with tegmen, lateral and ventral views; I) close up of parameres of tegmen, ventral view.

FIGURE 3 in Ceratophila, a new genus of erotylid beetles (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the cycad Ceratozamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae)

FIGURE 3. Photographs of Ceratophila (Ceratophila) gregoryi (B–E: female allotype): A) dorsal habitus, female; B–C) ventral and lateral and habitus; D–E) head, dorsal and ventral views; F) male genital capsule, ventral view; G) median lobe still attached with tegmen, lateral and ventral views; H) close up of parameres of tegmen, ventral view.

FIGURE 2 in Ceratophila, a new genus of erotylid beetles (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the cycad Ceratozamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae)

FIGURE 2. Photographs of Ceratophila (Ceratophila) chemnicki (A–I: male holotype): A–C) dorsal, ventral and lateral habitus; D–F) head, dorsal, ventral and lateral views; G) median lobe still attached with tegmen, lateral and ventral views; H) male genital capsule, dorsal view; I) close up of parameres of tegmen, ventral view; J) terminal abdominal ventrite, female.

FIGURE 1 in Ceratophila, a new genus of erotylid beetles (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the cycad Ceratozamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae)

FIGURE 1. Key characters of adults: base of head, pronotum and base of elytra, dorsal view: A) Pharaxonotha sp. collected from Ceratozamia tenuis; B) Ceratophila (C.) chemnicki; pronotal left lateral margins: C) Pharaxonotha sp. from Ceratozamia tenuis; D) Ceratophila (C.) sanchezae; E) Ceratophila (Uovidesa) chiapensis from Ceratozamia vovidesii; right metatibiae of male individuals, posterior view: F) Ceratophila (C.) gregoryi; G) C. (U.) mixeorum; b: basal bead of elytra; s: stridulatory files.

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic notes on Encephalartos ferox (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), with the description of a new subspecies from Mozambique

FIGURE 7. Encephalartos ferox: megasporophyll detail. A. Subsp. emersus; transverse section of megastrobilus with green internal tissue. B. Subsp. emersus; median megasporophyll outer surface detail. C. Subsp. ferox; transverse section of megastrobilus with red internal tissue. D. Subsp. ferox; median megasporophyll outer surface detail. Scale bars: A & C = 30 mm, B = 20 mm. Vouchers: A = Rousseau & Man 39, B = Rousseau 1252, C = Rousseau 1183B. Photographs: P. Rousseau.

FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic notes on Encephalartos ferox (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), with the description of a new subspecies from Mozambique

FIGURE 9. Encephalartos ferox subsp. emersus: reproductive morphology. A. Partial microstrobilus and peduncle; note basal reduced and sterile microsporophylls. B. Microsporophyll; adaxial view. C. Microsporophyll; abaxial view. D. Microsporophyll; distal (front) view. E. Megasporophyll with ovules; abaxial view. F. Megasporophyll with ovules; adaxial view. G. Megasporophyll; distal (front) view. H. Seed kernel with sarcotesta removed. I. Seedling leaf. Scale bar = 20 mm. Voucher: Rousseau 1175. Artist: Lesley Deysel.

FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic notes on Encephalartos ferox (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), with the description of a new subspecies from Mozambique

FIGURE 8. Encephalartos ferox subsp. emersus: vegetative morphology. A. Leaf; proximal portion. B. Leaf; median portion. C. Leaf; distal portion. D. Median leaflet; abaxial surface, showing distinct parallel venation. E. Cataphylls; adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) views. Scale bar = 40 mm. Voucher: Rousseau 1175. Artist: Lesley Deysel.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic notes on Encephalartos ferox (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), with the description of a new subspecies from Mozambique

FIGURE 6. Encephalartos ferox subsp. emersus: variation in cone macromophology.A. Prevalent yellow microstrobilus, note successional maturation. B. Uncommon orange microstrobilus. C. Microsporophyll detail. D. Only instance of multiple megastrobili recorded. E. Prevalent yellow megastrobilus. F. Rare red megastrobilus. Scale bars: A = 80 mm, B & C = 10 mm, D = 40 mm, E = 90 mm, F = 100 mm. Vouchers: B = Rousseau & Mann 50, C = Rousseau 1130, D = Rousseau & Mann 39, E = Rousseau 1252, F = Rousseau 1250. Photographs: P. Rousseau (A–D), P.J. Vorster (E & F).

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic notes on Encephalartos ferox (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), with the description of a new subspecies from Mozambique

FIGURE 4. Encephalartos ferox subsp. emersus: female plant from which the herbarium material designated as type (Rousseau 1175) has been collected. A. Emergent plant habit; the distinctive trunk is ca. 1.5 m high. B. Megastrobilus; showing macromorphology. Scale bar = 60 mm. Photographs: P. Rousseau.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic notes on Encephalartos ferox (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), with the description of a new subspecies from Mozambique

FIGURE 5. Encephalartos ferox: morphology of median leaflets. A. Subsp. ferox; from southernmost populations (= E. kosiensis). B. Subsp. ferox; from northernmost population. C. Subsp. emersus. Scale bar = 40 mm. Photographs: P. Rousseau (A), P.J. Vorster (B & C).