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238 results for “Dawn”
Figure 6 in 'Dawn' hexapods in Cenozoic ambers (Diplura: Campodeoidea)
Figure 6. Computed tomography scan images of Lepidocampa glaesi, M-982, in Miocene Dominican amber. A, ventral habitus. B, dorsal habitus. Both to the same scale.
Data for "The impact of mass-dependent stochasticity at cosmic dawn"
<p>Data for for the mass-dependent stochasticity model described in Gelli, Mason & Hayward 2024, ApJ<br><br></p> <p>The "LF/" folder contains the UV luminosity functions for the mass-dependent UV scatter model for z = 5-20. The two columns are:</p> <p>- UV magnitude Muv [mag]</p> <p>- number density log10_phi [/mag/Mpc^3]</p> <p> </p> <p>The "SFRD/" folder contains the redshift evolution of the UV luminosity density (obtained by integrating the UVLF down to Muv=-17) and the star formation rate density (derived using [Madau+99](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/306975)). The columns are:</p> <p>- redshift z</p> <p>- luminosity density log10_rhoUV [erg/s/Hz/Mpc^3]</p> <p>- star formation rate density log10_SFRD [Msun/yr/Mpc^3]</p>
Data from: Singing from North to South: latitudinal variation in timing of dawn singing under natural and artificial light conditions
1. Animals breeding at northern latitudes experience drastic changes in daily light conditions during the breeding season with decreasing periods of darkness, whereas those living at lower latitudes are exposed to naturally dark nights throughout the year. Nowadays, many animals are also exposed to artificial night lighting (often referred to as light pollution). 2. Animals strongly rely on variation in light levels to time their daily and seasonal behaviour. Previous work on passerine birds showed that artificial night lighting leads to earlier onset of dawn song. However, these studies were carried out at intermediate latitudes with more limited seasonal changes in daylength, and we still lack an understanding of the impact of artificial night lighting in relation to variation in natural light conditions. 3. We investigated the influence of natural and artificial light conditions on the timing of dawn singing in five common songbird species in each of three regions in Europe that differed in natural variation in daylength (northern Finland, 65°N; southern Germany, 48°N; southern Spain, 37°N). In each region, we selected five peri-urban forest sites with and five without street lighting, and recorded dawn singing at the beginning of the local breeding season. 4. Our results show that the earliest natural singers, i.e., European robins (Erithacus rubecula) and common blackbirds (Turdus merula), started dawn singing earlier along with the natural increase in night brightness in Finland, with no additional effects of artificial night lighting. In contrast, the later singers, i.e., great tits (Parus major), blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), and chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs), showed similar onsets of dawn song relative to sunrise across the season and similar effects of artificial night lighting at all latitudes. 5. Artificial night lighting affected great tits, blue tits and chaffinches even in northern Finland where nights became very bright. Proximate factors such as differential light sensitivities may explain why early singers showed more plastic behavioural responses to naturally and artificially bright nights. The maintenance of rhythmicity in the late singers during bright northern nights and under artificial night lighting may also be an adaptive response to predation risk or costs of sleep loss.
Data from: Singing in the moonlight: dawn song performance of a diurnal bird varies with lunar phase
It is well established that the lunar cycle can affect the behaviour of nocturnal animals, but its potential to have a similar influence on diurnal species has received less research attention. Here we demonstrate that the dawn song of a cooperative songbird, the white-browed sparrow weaver (Plocepasser mahali), varies with moon phase. When the moon was above the horizon at dawn, males began singing on average 10 minutes earlier if there was a full moon compared to a new moon, resulting in a 67% mean increase in performance period and greater total song output. The lack of a difference between full and new moon dawns when the moon was below the horizon suggests that the observed effects were driven by light intensity, rather than other factors associated with moon phase. Effects of the lunar cycle on twilight signalling behaviour have implications for both pure and applied animal communication research.
Figure 16 in Fossil diversity in 'dawn' hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Figure 16. Scanning electron micrographs of the secretion. A, distal end of the infudibuliform complex with the extruded filaments. B, C, detail of filaments showing the granular surface.
Figure 15 in Fossil diversity in 'dawn' hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Figure 15. Scanning electron micrographs of the cerci of Recent projapygids (genera indet.) expelling the glandular substance. A–C, different magnifications of cerci of a specimen from Brazil showing the solidified secretion forming filamentous masses. D, distal part of cerci of a Costa Rican specimen showing an incipient secretion. Arrows indicate the glandular substance in C and D. In A, the box labelled B corresponds to panel B; In B, the box labelled C corresponds to panel C. Abbreviations: ids, infundibuliform distal segment; ipds, infundibuliform predistal segment; ss, simple setae; tp, longitudinal tegumentary pleats. Scale bars: 1 mm in A; 0.2 mm in B; 0.05 mm in C, D.
Figure 14 in Fossil diversity in 'dawn' hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Figure 14. Palaeoecological reconstruction of Electroprojapyx alchemicus gen. et sp. nov, using their cerci as chemical weapons for hunting a springtail in the Cretaceous amber forest. Illustration by O. Sanisidro, with scientific supervision.
Figure 8 in Fossil diversity in 'dawn' hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Figure 8. Volume renderings of Symphylurinus sp. 1 (AMNH JZC-DR005) in Miocene Dominican amber. A, dorsal habitus. B, ventral habitus. C, right lateral habitus. All to the same scale. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 7 in Fossil diversity in 'dawn' hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Figure 7. Camera lucida drawings of Symphylurinus sp. 1 (AMNH JZC-DR005) in Miocene Dominican amber. A, left ventrolateral habitus. B, detail of right tarsi of leg III. C, right abdominal stylus V. D, right abdominal stylus VI. E, right abdominal stylus VII. F, detail of infundibuliform complex of left cercus. Abbreviations: a, apical macroseta; lp, labial palpus; M, sternal macroseta; sa, subapical macroseta; scA, lateral subcoxal appendage; stI–stVII, stylus I–VII; vm, ventromedial macroseta. C–F are to the same scale. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A; 0.2 mm in B; 0.1 mm in C–F.
Figure 5 in Fossil diversity in 'dawn' hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Figure 5. Volume renderings of holotype of Symphylurinopsis punctatus gen. et sp. nov. (M-2232) in Miocene Dominican amber. A, dorsal habitus. B, ventral habitus. C, left lateral habitus. All to the same scale. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Fossil diversity in 'dawn' hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of Recent specimens representing the two body plans of predatory diplurans. A, Japygoidea specimen from Malta, dorsal view. B, Projapygoidea specimen from Thailand, ventral view. C, detail of cercal forceps. D, detail of right cercus. Scale bars: 2 mm in A; 0.5 mm in B.
Figure 4 in Fossil diversity in 'dawn' hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Figure 4. Camera lucida drawings of holotype of Symphylurinopsis punctatus gen. et sp. nov. (M-2232) in Miocene Dominican amber. A, detail of cerci. B, dorsal habitus. Abbreviations: lp, labial palp; scA, lateral subcoxal appendage; stI– stVII, stylus I–VII. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 3 in Fossil diversity in 'dawn' hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Figure 3. Photomicrographs of holotype of Symphylurinopsis punctatus gen. et sp. nov. (M-2232) in Miocene Dominican amber. A, dorsal habitus. B, detail of setigerous punctures on tergites IV–VII. C, detail of head. D, detail of cerci in ventral view. Abbreviations: gp, genital papilla; lp, labial palp; mp, maxillary palp; stVII, stylus VII. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A; 0.1 mm in B–D.
Figure 2 in Fossil diversity in 'dawn' hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Figure 2. Holotype of Electroprojapyx alchemicus gen. et sp. nov. (AMNH JZCBu-1957) in Cretaceous Burmese amber. A, photomicrographs of left ventrolateral habitus of the dipluran fossilized in a preying-and-spraying position with its prey. B, detail of cerci with arrows pointing to the secreted substance. C, camera lucida drawing of the specimen with the secreted filaments in red. D, detail of antennae of the dipluran with the Collembola between them. Abbreviations: b, bubble; scA, lateral subcoxal appendage; stII–stVII, stylus II–VII. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A, C, D; 0.1 mm in B.
Figure 3. Centroids with 95 in Insect noise avoidance in the dawn chorus of Neotropical birds
Figure 3. Centroids with 95% confidence intervals plotted for the first two discriminant functions from a quadratic discriminant function analysis using peak frequency, song complexity and song rate for 477 songs from 27 different bird species (see Appendix, Table A1 for species names).
Figure 5 in Insect noise avoidance in the dawn chorus of Neotropical birds
Figure 5. First call time measured as minutes from sunrise plotted against (a) peak frequency of each species and (b) the difference between background noise at first call time and over all average background noise for the 1 h period. Background noise values were calculated at each species' peak frequency band. Each point represents the mean over all days and sites (±SE) per species. Negative noise values indicate that birds started singing at times when ambient noise level at their songs' peak frequency was lower than the rest of the recording period. Singing location is displayed as either in the canopy (circles, solid line) or below (triangles, dashed line) the canopy. See Table 2 for the parameter estimates associated with these variables.
Figure 2 in Insect noise avoidance in the dawn chorus of Neotropical birds
Figure 2. (a) Avian dawn chorus as defined by the number of singing events by any species averaged (±SE) over sites and days for each 5 min time bin. Note that calling activity peaked before the end of the recording period. (b) The first call time averaged (±SE) over sites and days for each species (see Appendix, Table A1 for species names) displayed as time from sunrise.
Figure 1 in Insect noise avoidance in the dawn chorus of Neotropical birds
Figure 1. Typical spectrogram (FFT - 4096) of a recording made at dawn. Letters indicate (A) a cicada playback and songs of (B) white-flanked antwren, (C) great tinamou, Tinamus major, (D) chestnut-backed antbird, (E) western slaty antshrike and (F) cocoa woodcreeper. Bands of nonavian insect noise are visible between 4 and 8 kHz.
Figure 4 in Insect noise avoidance in the dawn chorus of Neotropical birds
Figure 4. Nonavian noise level at different frequencies up to 9 kHz. Each line displays the average background noise colour-coded for each 5 min time interval from 30 min before until 30 min after sunrise. Black triangles indicate peak frequency of songs from the 27 bird species recorded. Amplitudes of nonavian noise are given as negative values relative to the maximum input of the recording units.
Dawn Simulation and Postural Hypotension
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02632318. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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