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opencc-by-4.0Jan 2018View details →

Figure 2 in Influence of tree thinning on abundance and survival probability of small rodents in a natural deciduous forest

Figure 2. Estimated mean (n = 2) abundance of small rodents in the prethinning (2014) and postthinning (2015) periods in a natural deciduous forest, Mt. Maehwa, Hongcheon, South Korea.

Figs 81-89 in Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Figs 81-89. Insects galls of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: 81-82, Rudgea parquioides; 83, Xylosma pseudosalzmanii; 84-85, Allophylus edulis; 86, Serjania sp.; 87, Smilax sp.; 88, Cestrum strigillatum; 89, Cissus striata. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figs 21-40 in Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Figs 21-40. Insects galls of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: 21, Cordia ecalyculata; 22, Cordia americana; 23-24, Celtis iguanaea; 25, Trema micrantha; 26-27, Citronella gongonha: 28-31, Dioscorea scabra; 32, Sloanea monosperma; 33, Sebastiania sp.; 34, Bauhinia forficata; 35-39, Inga marginata; 40, Machaerium paraguariense. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figs 61-80 in Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Figs 61-80. Insects galls of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: 61-64, Guapira opposita; 65, Seguieria aculeata; 66-73, Piper aduncum; 74-76, Piper mikanianum; 77-78, Myrsine coriacea; 79-80, Psychotria carthagenensis. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figs 1-20 in Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Figs 1-20. Insects galls of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: 1, Justicia brasiliana; 2-6, Calea serrata; 7, Dasyphyllum spinescens; 8-13, Mikania glomerata; 14-17, Mikania micrantha; 18, Moquiniastrum polymorphum; 19, Trixis praestans; 20, Dolichandra unguis-cati. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figs 41-60 in Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Figs 41-60. Insects galls of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: 41, Ocotea puberula; 42-45, Nectandra megapotamica; 46-48, Luehea divaricata; 49-50, Leandra regnellii; 51, Trichilia claussenii; 52, Mollinedia elegans; 53, Mollinedia schottiana; 54, Sorocea bonplandii; 55, Campomanesia xanthocarpa; 56-57, Eugenia uniflora; 58-59, Myrcianthes pungens; 60, Psidium cattleyanum. Scale bar: 1 cm.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Data for: Genomic vulnerability to climate change in Quercus acutissima, a dominant tree species in East Asian deciduous forests

Understanding the evolutionary processes that shape the landscape of genetic variation and influence the response of species to future climate change is critical for biodiversity conservation. Here, we sampled 27 populations across the distribution range of a dominant forest tree, Quercus acutissima, in East Asia, and applied genome-wide analyses to track the evolutionary history and predict the fate of populations under future climate. We found two genetic groups (East and West) in Q. acutissima that diverged during the Pliocene. We also found a heterogeneous landscape of genomic variation in this species, which may have been shaped by population demography and linked selections. Using genotype-environment association analyses, we identified climate-associated SNPs in a diverse set of genes and functional categories, indicating a model of polygenic adaptation in Q. acutissima. We further estimated three genetic offset metrics to quantify genomic vulnerability of this species to climate change due to the complex interplay between local adaptation and migration. We found that marginal populations are under higher risk of local extinction because of future climate change, and may not be able to track suitable habitats to maintain the gene-environment relationships observed under the current climate. We also detected higher reverse genetic offsets in northern China, indicating that genetic variation currently present in the whole range of Q. acutissima may not adapt to future climate conditions in this area. Overall, this study illustrates how evolutionary processes have shaped the landscape of genomic variation, and provides a comprehensive genome-wide view of climate maladaptation in Q. acutissima.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Submitted forecasts and analysis code for "Predicting spring phenology in deciduous broadleaf forests: NEON Phenology Forecasting Community Challenge"

Submitted forecasts for the 2021 Ecological Forecasting Initiative NEON Phenology Forecast Challenge and the analysis code for the accompanying manuscript.

publicJul 2022View details →

Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand

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publicJul 2022View details →

Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand

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publicJan 2023View details →

Data for: Genomic vulnerability to climate change in Quercus acutissima, a dominant tree species in East Asian deciduous forests

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edi40/100

A Chronosequence of Biomass and Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Across Boreal Deciduous, Mixed, and Black Spruce Forests in Interior Alaska

This dataset contains forest structure data and estimates of above- and belowground carbon and nitrogen pools for a chronosequence of sites that vary in time after fire. Sites are spread throughout interior Alaska and were selected to represent the range of forest composition, from black spruce (Picea mariana) dominance, to deciduous tree dominance (Betula neoalaskana and Populus tremuloides). Multiple transects were measured in each site

openOpenMar 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Soils from cold and snowy temperate deciduous forests release more nitrogen and phosphorus after soil freeze–thaw cycles than soils from warmer, snow-poor conditions

Effects of global warming are most pronounced in winter. A reduction in snow cover due to warmer atmospheric temperature in formerly cold ecosystems, however, could counteract an increase in soil temperature by reduction of insulation. Thus, soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) might increase in frequency and magnitude with warming, potentially leading to a disturbance of the soil biota and release of nutrients. Here, we assessed how soil freeze-thaw magnitude and frequency affect short-term release of nutrients in temperate deciduous forest soils by conducting a three factorial gradient experiment with ex-situ soil samples in climate chambers. The fully-crossed experiment included soils from forests dominated by Fagus sylvatica (European beech) that originate from different winter climate (mean coldest month temperature range ΔT > 4 K), a range of FTC magnitudes from no (T = 4.0 °C) to strong (T = -11.3 °C) soil frost, and a range of FTC frequencies (f = 0–7). We hypothesized that higher FTC magnitude and frequency, respectively, will increase the release of nutrients. Furthermore, soils from cold climates with historically stable winter soil temperatures due to deep snow cover will be more responsive to FTC than soils from warmer, more fluctuating winter soil climates. FTC magnitude and, to a lesser extent, also FTC frequency resulted in increased nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate release almost exclusively in soils from cold, snow-rich sites. The hierarchical regression analyses of our three-factorial gradient experiment revealed that the effects of climatic origin (mean minimum winter temperature) followed a sigmoidal curve for all studied nutrients and was modulated either by FTC magnitude (phosphate) or by FTC magnitude and frequency (nitrate, ammonium) in complex two- and, for all studied nutrients, in threefold interactions of the environmental drivers. Compared to initial concentrations, soluble nutrients were predicted to increase to 250 % for nitrate (up to 16 µg NO3-N kg-1DM), to 110 % for ammonium (up to 60 µg NH4-N kg-1DM), and to 400 % for phosphate (2.2 µg PO4-P kg-1DM) at the coldest site for strongest magnitude and highest frequency. Soils from warmer sites showed little nutrient release and were largely unaffected by the FTC treatments except for above-average nitrate release at the warmest sites in response to extremely cold FTC magnitude. We suggest that currently warmer forest soils have historically already passed the point of high responsiveness to winter climate change, displaying some form of adaptation either in the soil biotic composition or in labile nutrient sources. Our data suggests that previously cold sites, which will lose their protective snow cover during climate change, are most vulnerable to increasing FTC frequency and magnitude, resulting in strong shifts in nitrogen and phosphorus release. In nutrient poor European beech forests of the studied Pleistocene lowlands, nutrients released over winter may be leached out, inducing reduced plant growth rates in the following growing season. Here, we provide the raw data of a three-factorial regression experiment and the R-Code used in the hierarchical regression analysis of this raw data in Kreyling et al.: Soils from cold and snowy temperate deciduous forests release more nitrogen and phosphorus after soil freeze-thaw cycles than soils from warmer, snow-poor conditions.

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Varying impacts of logging frequency on tree communities and carbon storage across evergreen and deciduous tropical forests in the Andaman Islands, India

The majority of Earth's tropical forests have been selectively logged; some on repeated occasions. Selective logging is known to affect forest structure, composition and function in various ways, but how such effects vary with logging frequency and across forest types remains unclear. In the Andaman Archipelago in India, we examined adult and pole-sized trees in baseline (unlogged since 1990s), once-logged (logged between 2007 and 2014) and twice-logged (logged in early 1990s and between 2007 and 2014) evergreen and deciduous forests, and tested whether higher logging frequency was associated with lower canopy cover, tree density, tree diversity, aboveground carbon stocks and divergence in species composition, including increased relative abundances of deciduous species in these forests. While once-logged evergreen and deciduous forests were similar to their respective baselines for most attributes assessed, and twice-logged evergreen forests had 22–24% lower adult tree density and diversity, twice-logged deciduous forests had 17–50% lower canopy cover, pole density, adult species diversity and above-ground carbon stocks, and 12% higher deciduous fractions compared to the baselines. Collectively our results reveal lasting impacts of repeated selective logging, even at relative low intensity, on tree communities and carbon storage. These impacts can potentially be mitigated by reducing logging frequency and retaining unlogged patches in logged landscapes, but management must also incorporate heterogeneity in responses and recovery across different forest types. In the Andaman Islands, all forests may require more than 15–25 years between logging events, with deciduous forests potentially requiring more stringent extraction limits compared to evergreen forests.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Figure 5 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 5. Occlusal view of the lower molars of the Sigmodontine rodents from Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = Akodon azarae, UFSC-CF 43-2-2, right m1-m2. (B) = Akodon sp., UFSC-CF 32-4-2, right m1-m3; (C) = Bibimys sp., UFSC-CF 32-5-2, right m1-m3. (D) = Calomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-6-2, right m1-m3. (E) = Holochilus sp., UFSC-CF 43-4-2, left m1-m3. (F) = Lundomys molitor, UFSC-CF 32-9-1, left m1-m3. (G) = Nectomys squamipes, UFSC-CF 32-10-1, right m1-m3. (H) = Oligoryzomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-11-2, right m1-m3. (I) = Oxymycterus sp., UFSC-CF 32-12-2, right m1-m3. (J) = Sooretamys angouya, UFSC-CF 32-13-2, left m1-m2. (K) = Wilfredomys oenax, UFSC-CF 32-14-2, left m1-m3. Scale bars: H = 200 µm; A, B, C, D, G, I, J, K = 500 µm; E, F = 1 mm.

Figure 4 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 4. Occlusal view of the upper molars of the Sigmodontine rodents from the Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = Akodon azarae, UFSC-CF 43-2-1, left M1-M3. (B) = Akodon sp., UFSC-CF 32-4-1, left M1-M3. (C) = Bibimys sp., UFSC-CF 32-5-1, left M1-M3. (D) = Calomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-6-1, left M1-M3. (E) = Juliomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-7-1, left M1-M3. (F) = Holochilus sp., UFSC-CF 43-4-1, left M1-M3. (G) = Oligoryzomys sp., UFSC-CF 32-11-1, left M1-M3. (H) = Oxymycterus sp., UFSC-CF 32-12-1, left M1-M3. (I) = Sooretamys angouya, UFSC-CF 32-13-1, right M1-M3. (J) = Wilfredomys oenax, UFSC-CF 32-14-1, left M1-M3. Scale bars: C = 200 µm; A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J = 500 µm.

Figure 1 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 1. Location of the sampling sites of the Tyto furcata pellets at the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. BV1 = Boa Vista I; BV2 = Boa Vista II; BOQ = Boqueirão; CGA = Canta Galo; EV1 = Evaristo I; EV2 = Evaristo II; ANT = Picada das Antas; PF1 = Picada Feliz I; PF2 = Picada Feliz II; QV1 = Quevedos I; QV2 = Quevedos II; RES = Reserva. Map modified from MMA (1992).

Figure 3 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 3. Chiroptera specimens from the Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = ventral view of the skull of Sturnira lilium, UFSC-CF 40-5-1. (B) = labial view of the right dentary of Tadarida brasiliensis, UFSC-CF 42-11-1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 2 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 2. Didelphimorphia specimens from the Tyto furcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. (A) = labial view of the left dentary of Cryptonanus guahybae, UFSC-CF 32-2-1. (B) = labial view of the right dentary of Gracilinanus microtarsus, UFSC-CF 42-10-1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 6 in Small mammal diversity in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest of the southernmost Brazilian Pampa: the importance of owl pellets for rapid inventories in human-changing ecosystems

Figure 6. Occlusal view of the upper and lower molars of the Muridae and Caviidae rodents fromTytofurcata pellets from the Municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.(A) = Mus musculus, UFSC-CF 32-15-1, left M1-M3. (B) = Rattus rattus, UFSC-CF 35-9-1, right M1-M3. (C) = Cavia aperea, UFSC-CF 43-8-1, left P4-M3. (D) = M. musculus, UFSC-CF 32-15-2, right m1-m3. (E) = R. rattus, UFSC-CF 35-9-2, right m1-m3. (F) = C. aperea, UFSC-CF 43-8-2, right p4-m3. Scale bars A, D = 200 µm; B, C, E, F = 1 mm.