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336 results for “Drought Stress”

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zenodo36/100

Cowpea drought stress application at early vegetative stage 2022 - screen 03 - day 04 - raw image data

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) miniCore accessions were screened for responses to drought stress at early vegetative stress. The cowpea seedlings were exposed to drought stress at 17 days after germination using the weight of the pot and AAWEsmo device, developed in Julkowska Lab, Boyce Thompson Institute. The seedlings were kept at 60 and 10% of soil water holding capacity for 2 weeks and the data on cowpea shoot size, evapotranspiration and photosystem II efficiency was collected.  This dataset represents the images collected for Screen number 03 and day 04 after drought stress application.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Simulating effects of agricultural intensification and climate change: Nitrogen fertilization and drought stress decrease insect herbivore performance

Biodiversity is globally under pressure, and the current decline in insect biomass and diversity is likely caused by human activities. Key drivers of biodiversity loss include agricultural intensification and anthropogenic climate change. Nevertheless, a thorough understanding of potential interactions between both factors and the mechanisms underlying insect declines in general is still lacking. Here, we investigate the combined effects of nitrogen fertilization and drought, as applied to host plants, on the preference and performance of the butterfly Lycaena tityrus. Individuals performed best on plants having received medium nitrogen levels, while performance was reduced by either a lack of or strong fertilization, the former potentially caused by nitrogen limitation and the latter by increased concentrations of toxic allelochemicals. Female oviposition preference though was positively related to nitrogen fertilization, resulting in a mismatch between preference and offspring performance at high nitrogen levels. Plant drought stress additionally reduced herbivore performance, and females appeared to suffer more from low-quality food than males. Our results indicate that increasing nitrogen fertilization, as applied in intensive agriculture, may substantially reduce host-plant quality for insect herbivores, which may be exaggerated in the course of climate change due to the more frequent occurrence of droughts. Our study thus contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying human-driven insect declines in agricultural landscapes and beyond.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth confers early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet

Seedling root traits impact plant establishment under challenging environments. Pearl millet is one of the most heat- and drought-tolerant cereal crops that provides a vital food source across the sub-Saharan Sahel region. Pearl millet's early root system features a single fast-growing primary root which we hypothesize is an adaptation to the Sahelian climate. Using crop modelling, we demonstrate that early drought stress is an important constraint in agrosystems in the Sahel where pearl millet was domesticated. Furthermore, we show that increased pearl millet primary root growth is correlated with increased early water stress tolerance in field conditions. Genetics including GWAS and QTL approaches identify genomic regions controlling this key root trait. Combining gene expression data, re-sequencing and re-annotation of one of these genomic regions identified a glutaredoxin-encoding gene PgGRXC9 as the candidate stress resilience root growth regulator. Functional characterization of its closest Arabidopsis homolog AtROXY19 revealed a novel role for this glutaredoxin (GRX) gene clade in regulating cell elongation. In summary, our study suggests a conserved function for GRX genes in conferring root cell elongation and enhancing resilience of pearl millet to its Sahelian environment.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Decoupling of functional traits from intraspecific patterns of growth and drought stress resistance

Intraspecific variation in functional traits may mediate tree species' drought resistance, yet it remains unknown if trait variation is due to genotype (G), environment (E), or GxE interactions. Understanding the drivers of intraspecific trait variation and whether variation mediates drought response can improve predictions of species' response to future drought. Using populations of quaking aspen spanning a climate gradient, we investigated intraspecific variation in functional traits in the field as well as the influence of G and E among propagules in a common garden. We also tested for trait-mediated trade-offs in growth and drought stress tolerance. We observed intraspecific trait variation among the populations, yet this variation did not necessarily translate to higher drought stress tolerance in hotter/drier populations. Additionally, plasticity in the common garden was low, especially in propagules derived from the hottest/driest population. We found no growth-drought stress tolerance trade-offs and few traits exhibited significant relationships with mortality in the natural populations, suggesting that intraspecific trait variation among the traits measured did not strongly mediate responses to drought stress. Our results highlight the limits of trait-mediated responses to drought stress and the complex GxE interactions that may underly drought stress tolerance variation in forests in dry environments.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Drought-induced relocation of ant colonies and its consequences for the long-term spatial ecology of a population under stress

<ol> <li>Maintaining a central refuge such as a nest or burrow can offer protection against environmental stressors but comes at the expense of the capacity to disperse to new locations. This trade-off with mobility can be detrimental when environmental conditions become adverse for extended periods, necessitating animals to relocate in order to track shifting niche envelopes.</li> <li>Long-lived ant colonies that invest in the construction of large nests are especially susceptible to changing environmental conditions. The Australian meat ant, Iridomyrmex purpureus, build large terrestrial nests at sites that balance shade and solar exposure.</li> <li>Long-term study of a population of meat ants showed low nest turnover and a stable spatial distribution of nests across typical rainfall years. With the onset of drought, a dramatic surge in the production of new nests occurred through a process of budding that far exceeded historic trends. This appears to have allowed colonies to relocate nests into areas with more favourable microclimate conditions in a strategy reminiscent of the production of runners in stressed plants. The consequence has also been the packing of nests into a narrow habitable zone that has resulted in an apparent increase in competition among large rival colonies. Following the break in drought and the thinning of some nests through abandonment, competition has progressively eased in later years.</li> <li>The surge in nest budding triggered by acute environmental stress in this population offers a possible strategy for long-lived colonies to effectively migrate across the landscape. With changes in environmental conditions becoming more frequent and severe with the climate crisis, any strategy available to central place foragers to track windows of preferred conditions are likely to become increasingly important.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for: The need to decipher plant drought stress along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum

Dataset and R-Script accompanying the in OIKOS published manuscript: Schweiger et al. (2023) - The need to decipher plant drought stress along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum Article DOI: 10.1111/oik.10136   All data is provided within one excel file. Please, pay attention to the provided ReadMe sheet for information on the dataset. The R-Script allows to reproduce the presented results with the provided data.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Similar transcriptomic responses to early and late drought stresses produce divergent phenotypes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) exhibits numerous phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to drought. However, the ways in which these responses vary with differences in drought timing and severity are insufficiently understood. We used phenotypic and transcriptomic data to evaluate the response of sunflower to drought scenarios of different timing and severity in a common garden experiment. Using a semi-automated outdoor high-throughput phenotyping platform, we grew six oilseed sunflower lines under control and drought conditions. Our results reveal that similar transcriptomic responses can have disparate phenotypic effects when triggered at different developmental time points. Leaf transcriptomic responses, however, share similarities despite timing and severity differences (e.g., 523 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared across all treatments), though increased severity elicits greater differences in expression, particularly during vegetative growth. Across treatments, DEGs were highly enriched for genes related to photosynthesis and plastid maintenance. A co-expression analysis identified a single module (M8) enriched in all drought stress treatments. Genes related to drought, temperature, proline biosynthesis, and other stress responses were overrepresented in this module. In contrast to transcriptomic responses, phenotypic responses were largely divergent between early and late drought. Early-stressed sunflowers responded to drought with reduced overall growth, but became highly water-acquisitive during recovery irrigation, resulting in overcompensation (higher aboveground biomass and leaf area) and a greater overall shift in phenotypic correlations, whereas late-stressed sunflowers were smaller and more water use-efficient. Taken together, these results suggest that drought stress at an earlier growth stage elicits a change in development that enables greater uptake and transpiration of water during recovery, resulting in higher growth rates despite similar initial transcriptomic responses.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

data from a drought stress experiment on Cornus sanguineum in a common garden

Data obtained from a drought stress experiment performed in 2021 on potted plants from the shrub species Cornus sanguineum in a common garden with two provenances, a local (Belgian) and a Pyrenean.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Drought and temperature stresses impact pollen production and autonomous selfing in a California wildflower, Collinsia heterophylla

Ongoing climatic changes have altered growing conditions for plants by limiting water availability and inducing unprecedented temperature increases, eliciting plant functional responses that compromise floral trait expression, reduce pollen production but promote early self-pollination. In a controlled greenhouse study, plants of Collinsia heterophylla, an annual mixed-mated hermaphrodite, were grown under temperature and water stresses. Floral trait responses and related effects on plant reproductive success were recorded. Plants grown under temperature and water stresses were shorter and had fewer leaves at flowering than control plants. Temperature-stressed plants flowered earlier and had smaller flowers that produced fewer per capita pollen grains than control and water-stressed plants. While lifetime flower production in plants experiencing temperature stress alone or water stress alone was similar to control plants, those receiving combined temperature and water stresses had significantly lower lifetime flower production. Abiotic stress did not affect investment in female traits such as ovule number per flower but impacted male traits seen as fewer pollen grains per flower. In plants experiencing abiotic stress, an increase in autonomous self-pollination was facilitated through a compromise in herkogamy, a sexual interference mechanism to promote cross-pollination. Spatial separation between stigma and anther, a measure of herkogamy, was zero or negative in stressed plants. Thus, abiotic stress responses in plants did not compromise plant reproductive success as autonomous selfing was augmented. In nature, such responses will likely reduce available nutrition for pollinators through decreased flower and pollen production.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Phenotypic drought stress prediction of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) by genomic prediction and remote sensing

Current climate change species response models usually do not include evolution. We integrated remote sensing with population genomics to improve phenotypic response prediction to drought stress in the key forest tree species European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). We used whole-genome sequencing of pooled DNA from natural stands along an ecological gradient from humid-cold to warm-dry climate. We phenotyped stands for leaf area index (LAI) and moisture stress index (MSI) for the period 2016–2022. We predicted this data with matching meteorological data and a newly developed genomic population prediction score in a Generalised Linear Model. Model selection showed that the addition of genomic prediction decisively increased the explanatory power. We then predicted the response of beech to future climate change under evolutionary adaptation scenarios. A moderate climate change scenario would allow persistence of adapted beech forests, but not worst-case scenarios. Our approach can thus guide mitigation measures, such as allowing natural selection or proactive evolutionary management.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

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