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58 results for “Ecology: physiological”
Telomere length correlates with physiological and behavioural responses of a long-lived seabird to an ecologically-relevant challenge
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Data from: Independence among physiological traits suggests flexibility in the face of ecological demands on phenotypes
Phenotypic flexibility allows animals to adjust their physiology to diverse environmental conditions encountered over the year. Examining how these varying traits covary gives insights into potential constraints or freedoms that may shape evolutionary trajectories. In this study we examined relationships among hematocrit, baseline corticosterone concentration, constitutive immune function and basal metabolic rate in red knot Calidris canutus islandica individuals subjected to experimentally manipulated temperature treatments over an entire annual cycle. If covariation among traits is constrained, we predict consistent covariation within and among individuals. We further predict consistent correlations between physiological and metabolic traits if constraints underlie species level patterns found along the slow-fast pace-of-life continuum. We found no consistent correlations among hematocrit, baseline corticosterone concentration, immune function and basal metabolic rate either within or among individuals. This provides no evidence for constraints limiting relationships among these measures of the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune and metabolic systems in individual red knots. Rather, our data suggest that knots are free to adjust individual parts of their physiology independently. This makes good sense if one places the animal within its ecological context where different aspects of the environment might put different pressures on different aspects of physiology.
Coupled changes in pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen impact the physiology and ecology of herbivorous kelp forest grazers
<p>Understanding species' responses to upwelling may be especially important in light of ongoing environmental change. Upwelling frequency and intensity are expected to increase in the future, while ocean acidification and deoxygenation are expected to decrease the pH and dissolved oxygen of upwelled waters. However, the acute effects of a single upwelling event and the integrated effects of multiple upwelling events on marine organisms are poorly understood. Here, we use <em>in situ </em>measurements of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen to characterize the covariance of environmental conditions within upwelling-dominated kelp forest ecosystems. We then test the effects of acute (0-3 days) and chronic (1-3 month) upwelling on the performance of two species of kelp forest grazers, the echinoderm, <em>Mesocentrotus franciscanus, </em>and the gastropod, <em>Promartynia pulligo</em>. We exposed organisms to static conditions in a regression design to determine the shape of the relationship between upwelling and performance and provide insights into the potential effects in a variable environment. We found that respiration, grazing, growth, and net calcification decline linearly with increasing upwelling intensity for <em>M. francicanus </em>over both acute and chronic timescales. <em>Promartynia pulligo </em>exhibited decreased respiration, grazing, and net calcification with increased upwelling intensity after chronic exposure, but we did not detect an effect over acute timescales or on growth after chronic exposure. Given the highly correlated nature of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in the California Current, our results suggest the relationship between upwelling intensity and growth in the 3-month trial could potentially be used to estimate growth integrated over long-term dynamic oceanographic conditions for <em>M. franciscanus</em>. Together, these results indicate current exposure to upwelling may reduce species performance and predicted future increases in upwelling frequency and intensity could affect ecosystem function by modifying the ecological roles of key species.</p>
Fig. 10 in Impact of ecotourism on the fish fauna of Bonito region (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil): ecological, behavioural and physiological measures
Fig. 10. Temporal variation (mean and SEM) of cortisol levels in holding-water Moenkhausia bonita challenged with an intra-peritoneal injection of porcine ACTH. Triangles, darker line = ACTH; squares, lighter line = RINGER (control).
Fig. 5 in Impact of ecotourism on the fish fauna of Bonito region (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil): ecological, behavioural and physiological measures
Fig. 5. Variation of behaviour patterns between No Tourism and Tourism sites for Crenicichla lepidota (mean and SEM); (a) Feeding; (b) Agonistic activity; (c) Escape behaviour. Lighter bars = No Tourism site; darker bars = Tourism site. (Mann-Whitney U-test). N= 35; * p <0.05; ** p <0.01; ***p <0.0001.
Fig. 6 in Impact of ecotourism on the fish fauna of Bonito region (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil): ecological, behavioural and physiological measures
Fig. 6. Variation of behaviour patterns between before (8h00) and after (9h00) the first disturbance of tourists in the river (mean and SEM) for Crenicichla lepidota. (a) Tourism; (b) No Tourism. Lighter bars = 8h00; darker bars = 9h00 (Mann-Whitney U-test). N = 35; *p <0.05; **p <0.01;***p <0.0001.
Fig. 7 in Impact of ecotourism on the fish fauna of Bonito region (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil): ecological, behavioural and physiological measures
Fig. 7. Variation of behaviour patterns between No Tourism and Tourism site for M. bonita (mean and SEM); (a) Feeding; (b) Escape. Lighter bars = No Tourism; darker bars = Tourism. (Mann -Whitney U-test). N= 70; *p <0.05; **p <0.01; ***p <0.0001.
Fig. 4 in Impact of ecotourism on the fish fauna of Bonito region (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil): ecological, behavioural and physiological measures
Fig. 4. Multidimensional scaling ordinations showing local differences in (a) No Tourism site and (b) Tourism site. Each individual point represents a replicate sample (census). Circles = No Tourism site; Triangles = Tourism site.
Data from: A novel integrative method for measuring body condition in ecological studies based on physiological dysregulation
1. The body condition of free-ranging animals affects their response to stress, decisions, ability to fulfil vital needs and, ultimately, fitness. However, this key attribute in ecology remains difficult to assess, and there is a clear need for more integrative measures than the common univariate proxies. 2. We propose a systems biology approach that positions individuals along a gradient from a 'normal/optimal' to 'abnormal/suboptimal' physiological state based on Mahalanobis distance computed from physiological biomarkers. We previously demonstrated the validity of this approach for studying ageing in humans; here, we illustrate its broad potential for ecological studies. 3. As an example, we used biomarker data on shorebirds and found that birds with an abnormal condition had a lower maximal thermogenic capacity and higher scores of inflammation, with important implications for their ecology and health. Moreover, Mahalanobis distance captured a signal of condition not detected by the individual biomarkers. 4. Overall, our results on birds and humans show that individuals with abnormal physiologies are indeed in worse condition. Moreover, our approach appears not to be particularly sensitive to which set of biomarkers is used to assess condition. Consequently, it could be applied easily to existing ecological data sets. 5. Our approach provides a general, powerful way to measure condition that helps resolve confusion as to how to deal with complex interactions and interdependence among multiple physiological and condition measures. It can be applied directly to topics such as the effect of environmental quality on body condition, risks of health outcomes, mechanisms of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and mechanisms behind long-term processes such as senescence.
FIGURE 7 in Rediscovery of the Earless Microteiid Lizard Anotosaura collaris Amaral, 1933 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): A redescription complemented by osteological, hemipenial, molecular, karyological, physiological and ecological data
FIGURE 7. Karyotype of Anotosaura collaris after conventional staining, showing 2n=44 (20M + 22m).
Data from: Independence among physiological traits suggests flexibility in the face of ecological demands on phenotypes
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Coupled changes in pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen impact the physiology and ecology of herbivorous kelp forest grazers
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Data from: A novel integrative method for measuring body condition in ecological studies based on physiological dysregulation
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Data from: Laboratory maintenance does not alter ecological and physiological patterns among species: a Drosophila case study
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Data from: Adjustable temperature array for characterising ecological and evolutionary effects on thermal physiology
1. To accurately characterise a species' thermal niche and aid in predicting effects of climate change we must not only include information on thermal tolerances and physiological responses to changing temperatures, but also incorporate ecological effects and evolutionary processes that may shape a species' niche. However, quickly and practically collecting data on key factors such as adaptation potential, behaviour, effects of species interactions, plasticity, and thermal tolerances is logistically challenging. 2. We have therefore created an adjustable temperature array (ATA) to assist with experimental ecology and evolution research. ATA's are a row of independent temperature points controlled and set by the user and made from commercially-available parts. This allows the user to create unique thermal landscapes relevant to their study organism(s) and question(s). Further, the option of using an enclosed cage allows the user to answer questions at the individual, population, or community level in the context of changing thermal environments. ATA's are able to be user-set to constant or dynamic temperature regimes and are designed for use on small animals (e.g., fruit flies, beetles, mosquitoes) or plants (e.g., germinating seeds). 3. We have tested and confirmed the accuracy of the ATA to several thermal landscapes that would be useful for experimental ecology and evolution, including: 1) coarse resolution of a broad thermal niche ranging from 12° to 42°C in 2°C intervals (R2= 0.998); 2) fine resolution of a narrow thermal niche ranging from 15° to 32°C in 1°C intervals (R2= 0.997); 3) a pyramid-shaped niche consisting of a gradient from 14° to 30°C in 2°C intervals (R2 = 0.997); and 4) a very narrow thermal niche with replicate thermal resources ranging from 26.5° to 34°C in 1.5°C. intervals (R2= 0.989). 4. The equipment described here is an important tool for thermal niche studies and will aid in gathering information on effects of ecological and evolutionary processes to create a comprehensive picture of species responses to climate change.
Data from: Adjustable temperature array for characterising ecological and evolutionary effects on thermal physiology
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FIGURE 9 in Rediscovery of the Earless Microteiid Lizard Anotosaura collaris Amaral, 1933 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): A redescription complemented by osteological, hemipenial, molecular, karyological, physiological and ecological data
FIGURE 9. Currently known distribution of Anotosaura collaris (left) and of Anotosaura, Colobosauroides and Dryadosaura (right). On the right, colors represent different biomes.
FIGURE 5 in Rediscovery of the Earless Microteiid Lizard Anotosaura collaris Amaral, 1933 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): A redescription complemented by osteological, hemipenial, molecular, karyological, physiological and ecological data
FIGURE 5. Skeleton of Anotosaura collaris (MZUSP 103837), snout-vent length 42.8 mm. (A) Dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views of the skull. (D) Ventral view of the pectoral girdle and forelimbs. (E) Ventral view of the pelvic girdle and hindlimbs. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; cl, clavicle; cm, columella; cn, coronoid; d, dentary; ept, epipterygoid; exc, exoccipital; f, frontal; fe, femur; fi, fibula; icl, interclavicle; is, ischium; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; obp, orbitosphenoid; or, occipital recess; p, parietal; pa.pr, alar process of the prootic; pb, pubis; pd.p, descending process of the parietal; pf, prefrontal pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pof, postorbitofrontal; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; ra, radius; s.v, sacral vertebra; scc, scapulocoracoid; so, supraoccipital; spc, suprascapula; sq, squamosal; sra, surangular; st, sternum; st.r, sternal rib; ti, tibia; ul, ulna; v, vomer.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.