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441 results for “Environmental DNA”
Data from: Comparative analysis of environmental DNA metabarcoding and spectro-fluorescence for phytoplankton community assessments
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Data from: Leveraging environmental DNA (eDNA) to optimize targeted removal of invasive fishes
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Environmental DNA metabarcoding differentiates between micro-habitats within the rocky intertidal
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Environmental niche models improve species identification in DNA barcoding
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Environmental DNA highlights the influence of salinity and agricultural run-off on coastal fish assemblages in the Great Barrier Reef region
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Data from: Using environmental DNA metabarcoding to monitor fish communities in small rivers and large brooks: Insights on the spatial scale of information
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Data from: Sorting states of environmental DNA: Effects of isolation method and water matrix on recovery of membrane-bound, dissolved, and adsorbed states of eDNA
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Integration of environmental DNA metabarcoding technique to reinforce fish biodiversity assessments in seagrass ecosystems: A case study of Gazi Bay Seagrass meadows
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Data from: Metabarcoding of soil environmental DNA replicates plant community variation but not specificity
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Different approaches to processing environmental DNA samples in turbid waters have distinct effects for fish, bacterial and archaea communities
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Data from: Accumulation curves of environmental DNA sequences predict coastal fish diversity in the Coral Triangle
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has the potential to provide more comprehensive biodiversity assessments particularly for vertebrates in species-rich regions. Yet, this method requires the completeness of a reference database, i.e. a list of DNA sequences attached to each species, which is never met. As an alternative, a diversity of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) can be extracted from eDNA metabarcoding. However, the extent to which the diversity of OTUs provided by a limited eDNA sampling effort can predict regional species diversity is unknown. Here, by modelling OTU accumulation curves of eDNA seawater samples across the Coral Triangle, we obtained an asymptote reaching 1,531 fish OTUs while 1,611 fish species are recorded in the region. Besides, we also accurately predict (R² = 0.92) the distribution of species richness among fish families from OTU-based asymptotes. Thus, the multi-model framework of OTU accumulation curves extends the use of eDNA metabarcoding in ecology, biogeography and conservation.
Data from: Estimating fish population abundance by integrating quantitative data on environmental DNA and hydrodynamic modeling
<p>Molecular analysis of DNA left in the environment, known as environmental DNA (eDNA), has proven to be a powerful and cost-effective approach to infer occurrence of species. Nonetheless, relating measurements of eDNA concentration to population abundance remains difficult because detailed knowledge on the processes that govern spatial and temporal distribution of eDNA should be integrated to reconstruct the underlying distribution and abundance of a target species. In this study, we propose a general framework of abundance estimation for aquatic systems on the basis of spatially replicated measurements of eDNA. The proposed method explicitly accounts for production, transport, and degradation of eDNA by utilizing numerical hydrodynamic models that can simulate the distribution of eDNA concentrations within an aquatic area. It turns out that, under certain assumptions, population abundance can be estimated via a Bayesian inference of a generalized linear model. Application to a Japanese jack mackerel (<em>Trachurus japonicus</em>) population in Maizuru Bay revealed that the proposed method gives an estimate of population abundance comparable to that of a quantitative echo sounder method. Furthermore, the method successfully identified a source of exogenous input of eDNA (a fish market), which may render a quantitative application of eDNA difficult to interpret unless its effect is taken into account. These findings indicate the ability of eDNA to reliably reflect population abundance of aquatic macroorganisms; when the "ecology of eDNA" is adequately accounted for, population abundance can be quantified on the basis of measurements of eDNA concentration.</p>
Effects of sampling seasons and locations on fish environmental DNA metabarcoding in dam reservoirs
<p>Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has seen rapid development in the last decade, as a novel biodiversity monitoring method. Previous studies have evaluated optimal strategies, at several experimental steps of eDNA metabarcoding, for the simultaneous detection of fish species. However, optimal sampling strategies, especially the season and the location of water sampling, have not been evaluated thoroughly. To identify optimal sampling seasons and locations, we performed sampling monthly or at two-monthly intervals throughout the year in three dam reservoirs. Water samples were collected from 15 and 9 locations in the Miharu and Okawa dam reservoirs in Fukushima Prefecture, respectively, and 5 locations in the Sugo dam reservoir in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. One liter of water was filtered with glass-fiber filters and eDNA was extracted. By performing MiFish metabarcoding, we successfully detected a total of 21, 24, and 22 fish species in Miharu, Okawa, and Sugo reservoirs, respectively. From these results, the eDNA metabarcoding method had a similar level of performance compared to conventional long-term data. Furthermore, it was found to be effective in evaluating entire fish communities. The number of species detected by eDNA survey peaked in May in Miharu and Okawa reservoirs, and in March and June in Sugo reservoir, which corresponds with the breeding seasons of many of fish species inhabiting the reservoirs. In addition, the number of detected species was significantly higher in shore, compared to offshore samples in the Miharu reservoir, and a similar tendency was found in the other two reservoirs. Based on these results, we can conclude that the efficiency of species detection by eDNA metabarcoding could be maximized by collecting water from shore locations during the breeding seasons of the inhabiting fish. These results will contribute in the determination of sampling seasons and locations for fish fauna survey via eDNA metabarcoding, in the future.</p>
Effects of soil preservation for biodiversity monitoring using environmental DNA
Environmental DNA metabarcoding is becoming a key tool for biodiversity monitoring over large geographical or taxonomic scales and for elusive taxa like soil organisms. Increasing sample sizes and interest in remote or extreme areas often require the preservation of soil samples and thus deviations from optimal standardized protocols. However, we still ignore the impact of different methods of soil sample preservation on the results of metabarcoding studies and there is no guidelines for best practices so far. Here, we assessed the impact of four methods of soil sample preservation commonly used in metabarcoding studies (preservation at room temperature for 6h, preservation at 4°C for three days, desiccation immediately after sampling and preservation for 21 days, and desiccation after 6h at room temperature and preservation for 21 days). For each preservation method, we benchmarked resulting estimates of taxon diversity and community composition of three different taxonomic groups (bacteria, fungi and eukaryotes) in three different habitats (forest, river bank and grassland) against results obtained under optimal conditions (i.e. extraction of eDNA right after sampling). Overall, the different preservation methods only marginally impaired results and only under certain conditions. When rare taxa were considered, we detected small but significant changes in MOTU richness of bacteria, fungi and eukaryotes across treatments, while the exclusion of rare taxa led to robust results across preservation methods. The differences in community structure among habitats were evident for all treatments, and the communities retrieved using the different preservation conditions were extremely similar. We propose guidelines on the selection of the optimal soil sample preservation conditions for metabarcoding studies, depending on the practical constraints, costs and ultimate research goals.
Data from: Spatial and temporal patterns of environmental DNA detection to inform sampling protocols in lentic and lotic systems.
<p>The development of efficient sampling protocols for the capture of environmental DNA (eDNA) could greatly help improve accuracy of occupancy monitoring for species that are difficult to detect. However, the process of developing a protocol in situ is complicated for rare species by the fact that animal locations are often unknown. We tested sampling designs in lake and stream systems to determine the most effective eDNA sampling protocols for two rare species: the Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog (<i>Rana sierrae</i>) and the foothill yellow-legged frog (<i>R. boylii</i>). We varied water volume, spatial sampling, and seasonal timing in lakes and streams; in lakes we also tested multiple filter types. We found that filtering 2 L versus 1 L increased the odds of detection in streams 5.42X (95% CI: 3.2-9.19X) in our protocol, from a probability of 0.51 to 0.85 per technical replicate. Lake sample volumes were limited by filter clogging and we found no effect of volume or filter type. Sampling later in the season increased the odds of detection in streams by 1.96X for every 30 days (95% CI: 1.3 - 2.97X) but there was no effect for lakes. Spatial autocorrelation of the quantity of yellow-legged frog eDNA captured in streams between 100 and 200 m, indicating that sampling at close intervals is important.</p>
Genome-scale target capture of mitochondrial and nuclear environmental DNA from water samples
<p>Environmental DNA (eDNA) provides a promising supplement to traditional sampling methods for population genetic inferences, but current studies have almost entirely focused on short mitochondrial markers. Here, we develop one mitochondrial and one nuclear set of target capture probes for the whale shark (<i>Rhincodon typus</i>) and test them on seawater samples collected in Qatar to investigate the potential of target capture for eDNA-based population studies. The mitochondrial target capture successfully retrieved ~235x (90x-352x per base position) coverage of the whale shark mitogenome. Using a minor allele frequency of 5%, we find 29 variable sites throughout the mitogenome, indicative of at least five contributing individuals. We also retrieved numerous mitochondrial reads from an abundant non-target species mackerel tuna<i> </i>(<i>Euthynnus affinis</i>), showing a clear relation between sequence similarity to the capture probes and the number of captured reads. The nuclear target capture probes retrieved only few reads and polymorphic variants from the whale shark, but we successfully obtained millions of reads and thousands of polymorphic variants with different allele frequencies from <i>E</i>. <i>affinis</i>. We demonstrate that target capture of complete mitochondrial genomes and thousands of nuclear loci is possible from aquatic eDNA samples. Our results highlight that careful probe design, taking into account the range of divergence between target and non-target sequences as well as presence of non-target species at the sampling site, is crucial to consider. Environmental DNA sampling coupled with target capture approaches provide an efficient means with which to retrieve population genomic data from aggregating and spawning aquatic species.</p>
Data from: Capture enrichment of aquatic environmental DNA: a first proof of concept
Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling – the detection of genetic material in the environment to infer species presence – has rapidly grown as a tool for sampling aquatic animal communities. A potentially powerful feature of environmental sampling is that all taxa within the habitat shed DNA and so may be detectable, creating opportunity for whole-community assessments. However, animal DNA in the environment tends to be comparatively rare, making it necessary to enrich for genetic targets from focal taxa prior to sequencing. Current metabarcoding approaches for enrichment rely on bulk amplification using conserved primer annealing sites, which can result in skewed relative sequence abundance and failure to detect some taxa because of PCR bias. Here we test capture enrichment via hybridization as an alternative strategy for target enrichment using a series of experiments on environmental samples and lab-generated, known-composition DNA mixtures. Capture enrichment resulted in detecting multiple species in both kinds of samples, and post-capture relative sequence abundance accurately reflected initial relative template abundance. However, further optimization is needed to permit reliable species detection at the very low DNA quantities typical of environmental samples (< 0.1 ng DNA). We estimate that our capture protocols are comparable to, but less sensitive than, current PCR-based eDNA analyses.
Supplementary data for: simultaneous species detection and discovery with environmental DNA metabarcoding: a freshwater mollusk case study
<p>Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is a powerful tool for rapidly characterizing biodiversity patterns for specious, cryptic taxa with incomplete taxonomies. One such group that are also of high conservation concern are North American freshwater gastropods. In particular, springsnails of the genus <em>Pyrgulopsis</em> (Family: Hydrobiidae) are prevalent throughout the western United States where >140 species have been described. Many of the described species are narrow endemics known from a single spring or locality and it is believed that there are likely many additional species which have yet to be described. The distribution of these species across the landscape is of interest because habitat loss and degradation, climate change, groundwater mining, and pollution have resulted in springsnail imperilment rates as high as 92%. Determining distributions with conventional sampling methods is limited by the fact that these snails are often <5 mm in length with few distinguishing morphological characters, making them both difficult to detect and to identify. In order to facilitate detection of <em>Pyrgulopsis</em> we developed an eDNA metabarcoding protocol that is both inexpensive and capable of rapid, accurate detection of all known <em>Pyrgulopsis</em> species. When compared with conventional collection techniques, our pipeline consistently resulted in detection at sites previously known to contain <em>Pyrgulopsis </em>springsnails and at a cost per site that is likely to be substantially less than the conventional sampling and individual barcoding that has been done historically. Additionally, because our method uses eDNA extracted from filtered water it is non-destructive and suitable for the detection of endangered species where "no take" restrictions may be in effect. This effort represents both a tool which is immediately applicable to a group of high conservation concern across western North America and a case study in the broader application of eDNA sampling for landscape assessments of cryptic taxa of conservation concern.</p>
Environmental DNA reflects spatial distribution of a rare turtle in a lentic wetland assisted colonisation site
<p>Conservation translocations require robust post-release monitoring to evaluate their success, which can be challenging to implement and maintain. Monitoring techniques that can account for the dispersal and cryptic nature of translocated animals are necessary to provide critical information on persistence and distribution. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive environmental DNA (eDNA) assay specific to the Critically Endangered western swamp turtle (<em>Pseudemydura umbrina</em>), a species currently undergoing trials of assisted colonisation. Actively filtering sufficient volumes of water in lentic systems is difficult due to high concentrations of clogging particulates, therefore we assessed the viability of passive sampling in a controlled environment by submerging filter membranes and directly extracting DNA. Active sampling detected <em>P. umbrina</em> with a 97.6% detection rate, whereas passive sampling resulted in an 8.3% detection rate. We then used a fine-scale eDNA sampling design and radio tracked translocated <em>P. umbrina</em> at the assisted colonisation wetland to investigate eDNA dispersal and spatial monitoring resolution. We detected <em>P. umbrina</em> at 42% (7 / 17) of eDNA sample sites, and the probability of a positive eDNA detection was negatively associated with the distance of <em>P. umbrina</em> from the sampling site, indicating limited eDNA dispersal from the source. Systems with low natural mixing and limited eDNA dispersal provide an opportunity for high resolution spatial and temporal monitoring via targeted eDNA approaches. This is beneficial for monitoring rare species in these systems, as such high-resolution results can provide insights on species presence, distribution, and microhabitat use.</p>
Comprehensive, targeted eukaryotic metagenomics analysis of environmental DNA biodiversity using Oxford Nanopore sequencing
<p><span>Metagenomics has become a prominent technology for studying the functional potential of all organisms in a microbial and eukaryotic community. The study of symbiotic organisms from different classes or kingdoms, including those previously unknown, is possible with simultaneous and equally efficient metagenomic analysis of these species. A variety of targeted primer sets are used for eukaryotic metagenomic biodiversity, including those that are universal for specific families, classes</span><span>,<span> or kingdoms. The most universal for all existing cellular organisms is the presence of ribosomal RNA encoding gene sequences. For eukaryotic sequences, these are 16S and 23s rDNA, </span>and <span>for eukaryotic sequences of nuclear (18S and 28S) and mitochondrial (12S and 16S) ribosomal RNA. Here we present the application of the eukaryotic metagenomics approach to the simultaneous, quantitative</span>,<span> and unbiased identification of most eukaryotic species. To achieve this, we have developed a universal PCR assay that targets the most conservative nuclear regions of the ribosomal gene for all cellular organisms, including plants, algae, fungi, protists, insects</span>,<span> and animals. The amplification product contains polymorphic regions of both ribosomal genes and the intergenic spacer. The size of the PCR products varies by class, kingdom</span>,<span> or domain, ranging from 2 kb for fungi to 7 kb for birds. This assay is also adapted for use with the Oxford Nanopore Rapid Barcoding Library Kit, which enables metagenomic biodiversity analysis. Our approach provides a rapid, sensitive</span>,<span> and equally efficient way to study the composition of eDNA from mixed species in the environment. This protocol reduces the time and cost of metagenomic biodiversity analysis using Oxford Nanopore sequencing. We can efficiently analyze the biodiversity of mixed species present in environmental samples.</span></span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.