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FIG. 5. A in Redescription and Recognition of Etheostoma cyanorum from Blue River, Oklahoma

FIG. 5. A median-joining haplotype network depicting nucleotide sequence variation in the mtDNA control region (CR). Circles represent unique CR haplotypes and hash marks represent the number of nucleotide differences separating distinct haplotypes. Shaded polygons represent haplotypes grouped by drainage. Haplotypes of E. cyanorum are found only in the Blue River drainage. All haplotypes observed in the Caddo and Little Missouri rivers (not shown in figure) were also observed in the Ouachita River (shown in figure). Etheostoma whipplei is the outgroup taxon (GenBank accession no. U77029).

FIG. 1 in Redescription and Recognition of Etheostoma cyanorum from Blue River, Oklahoma

FIG. 1. Range map of E. cyanorum and E. radiosum in the south-central United States. Etheostoma cyanorum is found only in the Blue River drainage, Oklahoma, USA. Nominal subspecies E. r. radiosum is restricted to the Ouachita and Little River drainages to the east, and E. r. paludosum is restricted to the Kiamichi, Muddy Boggy, Clear Boggy systems, and tributaries of the Red River to the west. Drainages were identified by layering georeferenced collection data (http://www.fishnet2.net) into GIS software. MtDNA CR (black) and COI (gray) sampling localities are superimposed on drainages.

FIG. 4 in Redescription and Recognition of Etheostoma cyanorum from Blue River, Oklahoma

FIG. 4. Angle of the anterior profile for 11 male E. cyanorum, from Blue River in September 1994, with significant trendline, and the holotype (indicated by arrow; not included in regression or in trendline).

FIG. 3 in Redescription and Recognition of Etheostoma cyanorum from Blue River, Oklahoma

FIG. 3. (A) Male E. cyanorum, 63 mm SL, in nuptial color, from mainstem Blue River, 1.7 km west-northwest of Connerville, OK, 30 March 2018 (WJM 3645; OMNH 86859); (B) female E. cyanorum, 41 mm SL, same collection (OMNH 86860). Location: 34827.0670 N, 96839.3270W. Photographs by N. Lang. (C) Detail of distal color band in nuptial male from same collection, same date (OMNH 86861). Photograph by WJM.

FIG. 2 in Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam), and the Distinctiveness of the Upper Cumberland Endemic Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan and Swain

FIG. 2. Phylogenies of Etheostoma kennicotti sensu lato and Etheostoma cumberlandicum inferred from the mitochondrial cytb gene. (A) Bayesian inferred cytb gene tree. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated with filled circles. (B) Maximum clade credibility chronogram of Etheostoma kennicotti sensu lato and Etheostoma cumberlandicum. Bars indicate 95% posterior density of age estimates at nodes in the phylogeny.

FIG. 5 in Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam), and the Distinctiveness of the Upper Cumberland Endemic Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan and Swain

FIG. 5. Photographs of live specimens of Etheostoma cumberlandicum, E. cf. kennicotti Laurel River, and E. kennicotti. (A) Etheostoma cumberlandicum, YPM ICH 028205, 62 mm SL, male, Wolf Creek, Whitley Co., Kentucky, USA, 28 April 2015. (B) Etheostoma cumberlandicum, YPM ICH 028204, 46 mm SL, female, Little Wolf Creek, Whitley Co., Kentucky, USA, 25 March 2015. (C) Etheostoma cf. kennicotti, Laurel River species, YPM ICH 028202, 63 mm SL, male, Lick Fork, Laurel Co., Kentucky, USA, 14 May 2015. (D) Etheostoma kennicotti, UF 167303, 61 mm SL, Bay Creek, Pope Co., Illinois, USA, 18 April 2007.

FIG. 1 in Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam), and the Distinctiveness of the Upper Cumberland Endemic Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan and Swain

FIG. 1. Geographic distribution of Etheostoma kennicotti sensu lato and Etheostoma cumberlandicum and sampling locations of specimens used in molecular and morphological analyses. The populations in the Green River system, the Laurel River system, and the Tennessee River system (partitioned between lower and upper Tennessee River) are each considered undescribed species currently listed as E. kennicotti.

FIG. 4 in Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam), and the Distinctiveness of the Upper Cumberland Endemic Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan and Swain

FIG. 4. Morphological disparity in Etheostoma kennicotti sensu lato and Etheostoma cumberlandicum. (A) Plot of first and second principal component scores of meristic traits in Etheostoma kennicotti sensu lato and Etheostoma cumberlandicum. (B) Mahalanobis distances of PC scores for contrasts of species in the Etheostoma kennicotti complex. In each comparison, the red and blue lineages on the cytb phylogeny are contrasted. A lineage that is a dashed branch is not included in the contrast. The comparison between the upper (U.) Tennessee and lower (L.) Tennessee River is considered an intraspecific contrast.

FIG. 3. Population structure inferred from 25 in Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam), and the Distinctiveness of the Upper Cumberland Endemic Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan and Swain

FIG. 3. Population structure inferred from 25 microsatellite loci. (A) Hierarchical STRUCTURE analysis identifies 18 genetic clusters (K). Optimal K values for each round of hierarchical clustering are shown. (B) STRUCTURE results for K ¼ 6. Pie charts represent average ancestry coefficients for each sampling locality. The phylogeny is redrawn from Figure 2A.

FIGURE 6 in Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

FIGURE 6. Typical head pigmentation of juveniles of the (A) E. percnurum species complex and the (B) E. flabellare species complex (modified from Jenkins and Burkhead 1994). Figures also show variation in snout pigmentation and fin pigmentation characteristic of both adults and juveniles of each.

FIGURE 2 in Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

FIGURE 2. Truss network used for morphometric analysis of E. percnurum. Letters and numbers represent points of measurement.

FIGURE 1 in Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex. For E. sitikuense, a closed circle represents the extant population in Citico Creek; open circles represent the extirpated but recently introduced population in Abrams Creek and the introduced population in Tellico River. For E. marmorpinnum, the black square represents the extant population in the Little River; the gray square denotes the extirpated South Fork Holston population.

FIGURE 4 in Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

FIGURE 4. Nuptial male pigmentation patterns for (A) Etheostoma percnurum, Copper Creek, VA, (B) E. marmorpinnum, Little River–Tennessee drainage, (C) E. sitikuense, Citico Creek, Abrams Creek, and Tellico River–Little Tennessee system, and (D) E. lemniscatum, Big South Fork–Cumberland drainage. Illustrations by J. Sipiorski, 2008.

FIGURE 3 in Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

FIGURE 3. Sheared principal components analysis of morphometric characters for males of the E. percnurum species complex. Component loadings are provided in the text.

FIGURE 7 in Systematics of the Etheostoma cinereum (Teleostei: Percidae) species complex (subgenus Allohistium)

FIGURE 7. Strict consensus of Etheostoma cinereum complex cytochrome b haplotypes. Bootstrap and decay support is listed above and below each internode. An asterisk indicates nodes recovered with posterior probability values>95% in a Bayesian analysis with a similar topology.

FIGURE 5. A in Systematics of the Etheostoma cinereum (Teleostei: Percidae) species complex (subgenus Allohistium)

FIGURE 5. A. Nuptial male Etheostoma maydeni (USNM 403641, 79.7 mm SL, holotype), New River at U.S. Hwy 27 near New River, Scott County, Tennessee, 7 March 2006. B. Male E. maydeni (UAIC 15058.01, 42.3 mm SL) New River at U.S. Hwy 27 near New River, Scott County, Tennessee, 4 March 2005. C. Nuptial male E. cinereum (UAIC 15056.01, 82.6 mm SL), Duck River at Shelbyville, Bedford County, Tennessee, 3 March 2005. D. Nuptial male E. cinereum (UAIC 15062.01, 70.1 mm SL), Clinch River at Frost Ford, Hancock County, Tennessee, 8 March 2006.

FIGURE 1 in Systematics of the Etheostoma cinereum (Teleostei: Percidae) species complex (subgenus Allohistium)

FIGURE 1. Range of Etheostoma cinereum species complex. Squares indicate historic localities where populations are most likely extirpated. Square with white star is type locality for E. cinereum, grey circles indicate historic localities that appear to have appropriate habitat but no specimens have been observed since early 1970s, black dots indicate recent collections, black dots containing white squares indicate localities from which specimens were examined. Extant Cumberland populations are described herein as E. maydeni.

FIGURE 8. Single most parsimonious tree with a in Systematics of the Etheostoma cinereum (Teleostei: Percidae) species complex (subgenus Allohistium)

FIGURE 8. Single most parsimonious tree with a length of 72 steps (CI = 0.96, RI = 0.91) generated by analysis of Recombination Activation Gene 1 (RAG1) sequence data. Bootstrap and decay support is listed above and below each internode, respectively. An asterisk indicates nodes recovered with posterior probability values>95% in a Bayesian analysis with an identical topology.

FIGURE 3 in Systematics of the Etheostoma cinereum (Teleostei: Percidae) species complex (subgenus Allohistium)

FIGURE 3. Scatterplot of second and third principal component scores of natural log-transformed morphometric characters of the Etheostoma cinereum species complex adult males (n = 59). Cumberland specimens are described herein as E. maydeni.

FIGURE 4 in Systematics of the Etheostoma cinereum (Teleostei: Percidae) species complex (subgenus Allohistium)

FIGURE 4. Scatterplot of second and third principal component scores of natural log-transformed morphometric characters of the Etheostoma cinereum species complex adult females (n = 51). Cumberland specimens are described herein as E. maydeni.